القائمة
Expert jq usage for JSON querying, filtering, transformation, and pipeline integration. Practical patterns for real shell workflows.
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| name | jq |
| description | Expert jq usage for JSON querying, filtering, transformation, and pipeline integration. Practical patterns for real shell workflows. |
| category | development |
| risk | safe |
| source | community |
| date_added | 2026-03-28 |
| author | kostakost2 |
| tags | ["jq","json","shell","cli","data-transformation","bash"] |
| tools | ["claude","cursor","gemini"] |
jq is the standard CLI tool for querying and reshaping JSON. This skill covers practical, expert-level usage: filtering deeply nested data, transforming structures, aggregating values, and composing jq into shell pipelines. Every example is copy-paste ready for real workflows.
jq inside a bash script or one-linerjq expression doesjq takes a filter expression and applies it to JSON input. Filters compose with pipes (|), and jq handles arrays, objects, strings, numbers, booleans, and null natively.
# Extract a field
echo '{"name":"alice","age":30}' | jq '.name'
# "alice"
# Nested access
echo '{"user":{"email":"a@b.com"}}' | jq '.user.email'
# Array index
echo '[10, 20, 30]' | jq '.[1]'
# 20
# Array slice
echo '[1,2,3,4,5]' | jq '.[2:4]'
# [3, 4]
# All array elements
echo '[{"id":1},{"id":2}]' | jq '.[]'
select# Keep only matching elements
echo '[{"role":"admin"},{"role":"user"},{"role":"admin"}]' \
| jq '[.[] | select(.role == "admin")]'
curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/issues \
| jq
jq
jq
# Extract a field from every array element
echo '[{"name":"alice","age":30},{"name":"bob","age":25}]' \
| jq '[.[] | .name]'
# ["alice", "bob"]
# Shorthand: map()
jq 'map(.name)'
# Build a new object per element
jq '[.[] | {user: .name, years: .age}]'
# Add a computed field
jq '[.[] | . + {senior: (.age > 28)}]'
# Rename keys
jq '[.[] | {username: .name, email_address: .email}]'
# Sum all values
echo '[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]' | jq 'add'
# 15
# Sum a field across objects
jq '[.[].price] | add'
# Count elements
jq 'length'
# Max / min
jq 'max_by(.score)'
jq 'min_by(.created_at)'
# reduce: custom accumulator
echo '[1,2,3,4,5]' | jq 'reduce .[] as $x (0; . + $x)'
# 15
# Group by field
jq 'group_by(.department)'
# Count per group
jq 'group_by(.status) | map({status: .[0].status, count: length})'
# String interpolation
jq -r '.[] | "\(.name) is \(.age) years old"'
# Format as CSV (no header)
jq -r '.[] | [.name, .age, .email] | @csv'
# Format as TSV
jq -r '.[] | [.name, .score] | @tsv'
# URL-encode a value
jq -r '.query | @uri'
# Base64 encode
jq -r '.data | @base64'
# List all top-level keys
jq 'keys'
# Check if key exists
jq 'has("email")'
# Delete a key
jq 'del(.password)'
# Delete nested keys from every element
jq '[.[] | del(.internal_id, .raw_payload)]'
# Recursive descent: find all values for a key anywhere in tree
jq '.. | .id? // empty'
# Get all leaf paths
jq '[paths(scalars)]'
# if-then-else
jq 'if .score >= 90 then "A" elif .score >= 80 then "B" else "C" end'
# Alternative operator: use fallback if null or false
jq '.nickname // .name'
# try-catch: skip errors instead of halting
jq '[.[] | try .nested.value catch null]'
# Suppress null output with // empty
jq '.[] | .optional_field // empty'
# Read from file
jq '.users' data.json
# Compact output (no whitespace) for further piping
jq -c '.[]' records.json | while IFS= read -r record; do
echo "Processing: $record"
done
# Pass a shell variable into jq
STATUS="active"
jq --arg s "$STATUS" '[.[] | select(.status == $s)]'
# Pass a number
jq --argjson threshold 42 '[.[] | select(.value > $threshold)]'
# Slurp multiple JSON lines into an array
jq -s '.' records.ndjson
# Multiple files: slurp all into one array
jq -s 'add' file1.json file2.json
# Null-safe pipeline from a command
kubectl get pods -o json | jq '.items[] | {name: .metadata.name, status: .status.phase}'
# GitHub CLI: extract PR numbers
gh pr list --json number,title | jq -r '.[] | "\(.number)\t\(.title)"'
# AWS CLI: list running instance IDs
aws ec2 describe-instances \
| jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[] | select(.State.Name=="running") | .InstanceId'
# Docker: show container names and images
docker inspect $(docker ps -q) | jq -r '.[] | "\(.Name)\t\(.Config.Image)"'
# Transpose an object of arrays to an array of objects
# Input: {"names":["a","b"],"scores":[10,20]}
jq '[.names, .scores] | transpose | map({name: .[0], score: .[1]})'
# Flatten one level
jq 'flatten(1)'
# Unique by field
jq 'unique_by(.email)'
# Sort, deduplicate and re-index
jq '[.[] | .name] | unique | sort'
# Walk: apply transformation to every node recursively
jq 'walk(if type == "string" then ascii_downcase else . end)'
# env: read enprojectnment variables inside jq
export API_KEY=secret
jq -n 'env.API_KEY'
-r (raw output) when passing jq results to shell variables or other commands to strip JSON string quotes--arg / --argjson to inject shell variables safely — never interpolate shell variables directly into filter stringsmap(f) over [.[] | f] for readability-c (compact) for newline-delimited JSON pipelines; omit it for human-readable debuggingjq -n and literal input before embedding in scriptsempty to drop unwanted elements rather than filtering to nulljq is read-only by design — it cannot write files or execute commands--argProblem: jq outputs null instead of the expected value
Solution: Check for typos in key names; use keys to inspect actual field names. Remember JSON is case-sensitive.
Problem: Numbers are quoted as strings in the output
Solution: Use --argjson instead of --arg when injecting numeric values.
Problem: Filter works in the terminal but fails in a script
Solution: Ensure the filter string uses single quotes in the shell to prevent variable expansion. Example: jq '.field' not jq ".field".
Problem: add returns null on an empty array
Solution: Use add // 0 or add // "" to provide a fallback default.
Problem: Streaming large files is slow
Solution: Use jq --stream or switch to jstream/gron for very large files.
@bash-pro — Wrapping jq calls in robust shell scripts@bash-linux — General shell pipeline patterns@github-automation — Using jq with GitHub CLI JSON outputDevelopment skill from AGENTIC (https://github.com/phoroth/AGENTIC)
Development skill from AGENTIC (https://github.com/phoroth/AGENTIC)
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