cloudflare-workers-ci-cd

name	cloudflare-workers-ci-cd
description	Complete CI/CD guide for Cloudflare Workers using GitHub Actions and GitLab CI. Use for automated testing, deployment pipelines, preview environments, secrets management, or encountering deployment failures, workflow errors, environment configuration issues.
license	MIT
metadata	{"keywords":"cloudflare-workers, workers-ci-cd, github-actions, gitlab-ci, continuous-integration, continuous-deployment, automated-testing, deployment-pipeline, preview-deployments, staging-deployment, production-deployment, secrets-management, wrangler-deploy, environment-variables, github-secrets, deployment-verification, rollback-strategy, blue-green-deployment, canary-deployment, deployment-gates, ci-cd-best-practices, workflow-automation, pull-request-previews, branch-deployments","version":"1.0.0","last_verified":"2025-01-27","production_tested":true,"token_savings":"~75%","errors_prevented":7,"templates_included":4,"references_included":4,"scripts_included":1,"github_actions_version":"v4","wrangler_version":"4.50.0"}

Cloudflare Workers CI/CD

Status: ✅ Production Ready | Last Verified: 2025-01-27 GitHub Actions: v4 | GitLab CI: Latest | Wrangler: 4.50.0

Table of Contents

• What Is Workers CI/CD?
• New in 2025
• Quick Start (10 Minutes)
• Critical Rules
• Core Concepts
• Top 5 Use Cases
• Best Practices
• Top 7 Errors Prevented
• When to Load References

---

What Is Workers CI/CD?

Automated testing and deployment of Cloudflare Workers using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI. Enables running tests on every commit, deploying to preview/staging/production environments automatically, managing secrets securely, and implementing deployment gates for safe releases.

Key capabilities: Automated testing, multi-environment deployments, preview URLs per PR, secrets management, deployment verification, automatic rollbacks.

---

New in 2025

GitHub Actions Updates (January 2025):

• NEW: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4 (improved caching, faster deployments)
• IMPROVED: Secrets support with vars and secrets parameters
• ADDED: Built-in preview environment cleanup
• BREAKING: apiToken renamed to api-token (kebab-case)

Migration from v3:

# ❌ OLD (v3)
- uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@3
  with:
    apiToken: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}

# ✅ NEW (v4)
- uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
  with:
    api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}

Wrangler 4.50.0 (January 2025):

• NEW: --dry-run flag for deployment validation
• IMPROVED: Faster deployments with parallel uploads
• ADDED: --keep-vars to preserve environment variables

---

Quick Start (10 Minutes)

GitHub Actions Setup

1. Create Cloudflare API Token

Go to: https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens

Create token with permissions:

• Account.Cloudflare Workers Scripts - Edit
• Account.Cloudflare Pages - Edit (if using Pages)

2. Add Secret to GitHub

Repository → Settings → Secrets → Actions → New repository secret:

• Name: CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN
• Value: [paste token]

3. Create .github/workflows/deploy.yml

name: Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    name: Deploy to Cloudflare Workers

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
        with:
          bun-version: latest

      - run: bun install

      - run: bun test

      - name: Deploy
        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
        with:
          api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
          command: deploy

4. Push and Verify

git add .github/workflows/deploy.yml
git commit -m "Add CI/CD pipeline"
git push

Check Actions tab on GitHub to see deployment progress.

---

Critical Rules

1. Never Commit Secrets to Git

✅ CORRECT:

# Use GitHub Secrets
api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}

❌ WRONG:

# ❌ NEVER hardcode tokens
api-token: "abc123def456..."

Why: Exposed tokens allow anyone to deploy to your account.

2. Always Run Tests Before Deploy

✅ CORRECT:

- run: bun test  # ✅ Tests run first

- name: Deploy
  uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
  with:
    api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}

❌ WRONG:

# ❌ Skipping tests
- name: Deploy
  uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
  # No tests!

Why: Broken code shouldn't reach production.

3. Use Different Environments

✅ CORRECT:

# Production (main branch)
- name: Deploy to Production
  if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
  run: bunx wrangler deploy --env production

# Staging (other branches)
- name: Deploy to Staging
  if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
  run: bunx wrangler deploy --env staging

❌ WRONG:

# ❌ Always deploying to production
- run: bunx wrangler deploy

Why: Test changes in staging before production.

4. Verify Deployment Success

✅ CORRECT:

- name: Deploy
  id: deploy
  uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4

- name: Verify Deployment
  run: |
    curl -f https://your-worker.workers.dev/health || exit 1

❌ WRONG:

# ❌ No verification
- name: Deploy
  uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
  # Assuming it worked...

Why: Deployments can fail silently (DNS issues, binding errors).

5. Use Deployment Gates for Production

✅ CORRECT:

deploy-production:
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://your-worker.workers.dev
  # Requires manual approval

❌ WRONG:

# ❌ Auto-deploy to production without review
deploy-production:
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest

Why: Human review catches issues automation misses.

---

Core Concepts

Multi-Environment Strategy

Recommended setup:

• Production: main branch → production environment
• Staging: Pull requests → staging environment
• Preview: Each PR → unique preview URL

wrangler.jsonc:

{
  "name": "my-worker",
  "main": "src/index.ts",

  "env": {
    "production": {
      "name": "my-worker-production",
      "vars": {
        "ENVIRONMENT": "production"
      }
    },
    "staging": {
      "name": "my-worker-staging",
      "vars": {
        "ENVIRONMENT": "staging"
      }
    }
  }
}

Secrets Management

Types of configuration:

1. Public variables (wrangler.jsonc) - Non-sensitive config
2. Secrets (wrangler secret) - API keys, tokens
3. CI variables (GitHub Secrets) - Deployment credentials

Setting secrets:

# Local development
wrangler secret put DATABASE_URL

# CI/CD (via GitHub Actions)
bunx wrangler secret put DATABASE_URL --env production <<< "${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}"

Preview Deployments

Automatically deploy each PR to a unique URL for testing:

- name: Deploy Preview
  uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
  with:
    api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
    command: deploy --env preview-${{ github.event.number }}

Each PR gets URL like: my-worker-preview-42.workers.dev

---

Top 5 Use Cases

1. Deploy on Push to Main

name: Deploy Production

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
      - run: bun install
      - run: bun test
      - run: bun run build

      - name: Deploy to Production
        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
        with:
          api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
          command: deploy --env production

2. Preview Deployments for PRs

name: Preview

on:
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  preview:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
      - run: bun install
      - run: bun test

      - name: Deploy Preview
        id: deploy
        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
        with:
          api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
          command: deploy --env preview-${{ github.event.number }}

      - name: Comment PR
        uses: actions/github-script@v7
        with:
          script: |
            github.rest.issues.createComment({
              issue_number: context.issue.number,
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              body: '✅ Preview deployed to: https://my-worker-preview-${{ github.event.number }}.workers.dev'
            })

3. Run Tests on Every Commit

name: Test

on:
  push:
    branches: ['**']
  pull_request:

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
      - run: bun install
      - run: bun test --coverage

      - name: Upload Coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          files: ./coverage/lcov.info

4. Deploy with Approval Gate

name: Deploy Production (Manual Approval)

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment:
      name: production
      url: https://my-worker.workers.dev
    # Requires manual approval in GitHub Settings

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
      - run: bun install
      - run: bun test

      - name: Deploy
        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
        with:
          api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
          command: deploy --env production

5. Staged Rollout (Canary)

name: Canary Deployment

on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      percentage:
        description: 'Traffic percentage to new version'
        required: true
        default: '10'

jobs:
  canary:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
      - run: bun install

      # Deploy to canary environment
      - name: Deploy Canary
        uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v4
        with:
          api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
          command: deploy --env canary

      # Configure traffic split via Cloudflare API
      # (See references/deployment-strategies.md for full example)

---

Best Practices

✅ DO

1. Use semantic commit messages:

   feat: add user authentication
   fix: resolve rate limiting issue
   chore: update dependencies
   

2. Run linting and type checking:

   - run: bun run lint
   - run: bun run type-check
   - run: bun test
   

3. Cache dependencies:

   - uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
     with:
       bun-version: latest
   # Bun automatically caches dependencies
   

4. Deploy different branches to different environments:

   - name: Deploy
     run: |
       if [ "${{ github.ref }}" == "refs/heads/main" ]; then
         bunx wrangler deploy --env production
       else
         bunx wrangler deploy --env staging
       fi
   

5. Monitor deployments:

   - name: Notify Slack
     if: failure()
     uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1
     with:
       payload: |
         {"text": "Deployment failed: ${{ github.sha }}"}
   

❌ DON'T

1. Don't skip tests
2. Don't deploy without verification
3. Don't hardcode secrets
4. Don't deploy to production from feature branches
5. Don't ignore deployment failures

---

Top 7 Errors Prevented

1. ❌ Error: A valid Cloudflare API token is required

Cause: Missing or invalid CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN secret.

Fix:

1. Create API token: https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens
2. Add to GitHub Secrets: Settings → Secrets → Actions
3. Use in workflow: api-token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}

---

2. ❌ Error: Not enough permissions to deploy

Cause: API token lacks required permissions.

Fix: Recreate token with:

• Account.Cloudflare Workers Scripts - Edit
• Account settings - Read

---

3. ❌ Error: wrangler.toml not found

Cause: Missing wrangler configuration.

Fix: Ensure wrangler.jsonc exists in repository root.

---

4. ❌ Deployment succeeds but worker doesn't work

Cause: Missing secrets or environment variables.

Fix: Set secrets in CI:

- name: Set Secrets
  run: |
    echo "${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}" | bunx wrangler secret put DATABASE_URL --env production

---

5. ❌ Tests pass locally but fail in CI

Cause: Environment differences (Node version, missing dependencies).

Fix:

- uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
  with:
    bun-version: latest # Lock version

- run: bun install --frozen-lockfile # Use exact versions

---

6. ❌ Preview deployments conflict

Cause: Multiple PRs deploying to same preview environment.

Fix: Use PR number in environment name:

command: deploy --env preview-${{ github.event.number }}

---

7. ❌ Secrets exposed in logs

Cause: Echoing secrets in workflow.

Fix:

# ❌ WRONG
- run: echo "Token: ${{ secrets.API_TOKEN }}"

# ✅ CORRECT
- run: echo "Deploying..." # No secrets in output

---

When to Load References

Load reference files for detailed, specialized content:

Load references/github-actions.md when:

• Setting up GitHub Actions from scratch
• Configuring matrix builds (multiple Node versions)
• Using GitHub environments and deployment protection
• Implementing deployment gates and approvals

Load references/gitlab-ci.md when:

• Setting up GitLab CI pipelines
• Configuring GitLab environments
• Using GitLab secret variables
• Implementing review apps

Load references/deployment-strategies.md when:

• Implementing blue-green deployments
• Setting up canary releases
• Configuring traffic splitting
• Planning rollback procedures

Load references/secrets-management.md when:

• Managing secrets across environments
• Rotating API tokens
• Using external secret providers (Vault, 1Password)
• Implementing least-privilege access

Load templates/github-actions-full.yml for:

• Complete production-ready GitHub Actions workflow
• Multi-environment deployment example
• All deployment gates configured

Load templates/gitlab-ci-full.yml for:

• Complete GitLab CI pipeline
• Multi-stage deployment
• Review app configuration

Load templates/preview-deployment.yml for:

• PR preview deployment setup
• Automatic cleanup on PR close
• Comment with preview URL

Load templates/rollback-workflow.yml for:

• Manual rollback workflow
• Deployment history tracking
• Automated rollback on health check failure

Load scripts/verify-deployment.sh for:

• Automated deployment verification
• Health check implementation
• Smoke tests after deployment

---

Secure Installation

When installing CI/CD dependencies, follow supply chain security best practices:

• Block post-install scripts — npm config set ignore-scripts true (or Bun: disabled by default)
• Frozen lockfiles in CI — Always use npm ci or bun install --frozen-lockfile
• Security gate — Add socket ci to your CI pipeline to block PRs that violate your security policy

Load the dependency-upgrade skill for full security configuration including Socket CLI integration, cooldown setup, lockfile validation, and CI enforcement.

Related Cloudflare Plugins

For deployment testing, load:

• cloudflare-workers-testing - Test Workers before deployment
• cloudflare-manager - Manage deployments via Cloudflare API

This skill focuses on CI/CD automation for ALL Workers deployments regardless of bindings used.

---

Questions? Load references/secrets-management.md or use /workers-deploy command for guided deployment.