ecto-schemas
Use when defining and working with Ecto schemas including field types, associations, and embedded schemas. Use when modeling database entities in Elixir.
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تعليمات المصدر · معاينة للقراءة فقط- name
- ecto-schemas
- user-invocable
- false
- description
- Use when defining and working with Ecto schemas including field types, associations, and embedded schemas. Use when modeling database entities in Elixir.
- allowed-tools
- ["Bash","Read"]
# Ecto Schemas
Master Ecto schema definitions to model your database entities effectively in Elixir applications.
## Basic Schema Definition
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.Accounts.User do
use Ecto.Schema
import Ecto.Changeset
schema "users" do
field :email, :string
field :name, :string
field :age, :integer
field :is_active, :boolean, default: true
field :role, Ecto.Enum, values: [:user, :admin, :moderator]
timestamps()
end
def changeset(user, attrs) do
user
|> cast(attrs, [:email, :name, :age, :is_active, :role])
|> validate_required([:email, :name])
|> validate_format(:email, ~r/@/)
|> validate_number(:age, greater_than: 0)
|> unique_constraint(:email)
end
end
```
## Field Types
```elixir
schema "products" do
# Basic types
field :name, :string
field :price, :decimal
field :quantity, :integer
field :is_available, :boolean
field :rating, :float
# Date and time
field :released_on, :date
field :sale_starts_at, :naive_datetime
field :sale_ends_at, :utc_datetime
# Complex types
field :tags, {:array, :string}
field :metadata, :map
field :settings, {:map, :string} # map with string values
# Binary data
field :image_data, :binary
field :uuid, :binary_id
timestamps()
end
```
## Associations
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.Blog.Post do
use Ecto.Schema
schema "posts" do
field :title, :string
field :body, :string
# Belongs to
belongs_to :author, MyApp.Accounts.User
# Has many
has_many :comments, MyApp.Blog.Comment
# Has one
has_one :featured_image, MyApp.Blog.Image
# Many to many
many_to_many :tags, MyApp.Blog.Tag, join_through: "posts_tags"
timestamps()
end
end
defmodule MyApp.Blog.Comment do
use Ecto.Schema
schema "comments" do
field :content, :string
belongs_to :post, MyApp.Blog.Post
belongs_to :user, MyApp.Accounts.User
timestamps()
end
end
```
## Embedded Schemas
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.Accounts.Address do
use Ecto.Schema
# Embedded schema - stored as JSON in parent
embedded_schema do
field :street, :string
field :city, :string
field :state, :string
field :zip, :string
field :country, :string, default: "US"
end
def changeset(address, attrs) do
address
|> cast(attrs, [:street, :city, :state, :zip, :country])
|> validate_required([:street, :city, :state, :zip])
end
end
defmodule MyApp.Accounts.User do
use Ecto.Schema
schema "users" do
field :name, :string
# Single embedded
embeds_one :billing_address, MyApp.Accounts.Address, on_replace: :update
# Multiple embedded
embeds_many :shipping_addresses, MyApp.Accounts.Address, on_replace: :delete
timestamps()
end
def changeset(user, attrs) do
user
|> cast(attrs, [:name])
|> cast_embed(:billing_address)
|> cast_embed(:shipping_addresses)
end
end
```
## Virtual Fields
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.Accounts.User do
use Ecto.Schema
schema "users" do
field :email, :string
field :password_hash, :string
# Virtual fields - not persisted
field :password, :string, virtual: true
field :password_confirmation, :string, virtual: true
field :full_name, :string, virtual: true
timestamps()
end
def changeset(user, attrs) do
user
|> cast(attrs, [:email, :password, :password_confirmation])
|> validate_required([:email, :password])
|> validate_confirmation(:password)
|> hash_password()
end
defp hash_password(changeset) do
case get_change(changeset, :password) do
nil -> changeset
password -> put_change(changeset, :password_hash, Bcrypt.hash_pwd_salt(password))
end
end
end
```
## When to Use This Skill
Use ecto-schemas when you need to:
- Define database table structures
- Model relationships between entities
- Create embedded documents
- Handle complex data types
- Implement virtual computed fields
## Best Practices
- Use meaningful schema module names
- Keep schemas focused on data structure
- Use embedded schemas for nested JSON
- Define changesets in the schema module
- Use Ecto.Enum for constrained values
- Add database constraints with unique_constraint
## Common Pitfalls
- Forgetting timestamps() in schemas
- Not handling on_replace for embeds
- Mixing business logic into schemas
- Forgetting to add associations on both sides
- Not using virtual fields for sensitive data
- Overusing embedded schemas when separate tables are better
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