| name | history |
| description | CBSE Grade 10 History — India and the Contemporary World II. Covers Nationalism, Industrialisation, Print Culture, and Global World. Activate for history concepts, dates, and board exam preparation. |
History — CBSE Grade 10 Social Science
Syllabus Coverage (2026–27)
Book: India and the Contemporary World – II
| Chapter | Topic | Marks (out of 20) |
|---|
| Ch 1 | The Rise of Nationalism in Europe | ~5-6 |
| Ch 2 | Nationalism in India | ~5-6 |
| Ch 3 | The Making of a Global World | ~3-4 |
| Ch 4 | The Age of Industrialisation | ~3-4 |
| Ch 5 | Print Culture and the Modern World | ~3-4 |
| Total | 5 Chapters | 20 |
Note: Map work from History carries 2-3 marks within the 20-mark allocation
Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Key Concepts
- Nation-state: a state where citizens share a sense of common identity and history
- French Revolution (1789): introduced ideas of la patrie (fatherland), le citoyen (citizen), unified laws, common language
- Napoleon's role: conquered Europe, spread nationalism, but also created opposition (reactionary nationalism)
- Congress of Vienna (1815): conservative regimes restored monarchy; Metternich as host
- Liberalism: freedom of press, individual rights, end of privileges, free market
- Giuseppe Mazzini: Young Italy, Young Europe — inspired revolutionary movements
- Unification of Italy: Mazzini (ideals), Cavour (diplomacy), Garibaldi (military)
- Unification of Germany: Otto von Bismarck, "blood and iron" policy, three wars (Danish, Austrian, Franco-Prussian), Kaiser William I proclaimed Emperor at Versailles (1871)
- Romanticism: cultural nationalism through art, poetry, folklore (Grimm brothers, Karol Kurpinski)
- Greek War of Independence (1821-1832): Lord Byron's support, Treaty of Constantinople
Important Dates
1789 — French Revolution begins
1804 — Napoleon's Civil Code
1815 — Congress of Vienna, Treaty of Vienna
1821 — Greek War of Independence begins
1831 — Mazzini founds Young Italy
1848 — Revolutions across Europe (liberal middle class)
1859-1861 — Unification of Italy
1866-1871 — Unification of Germany
1871 — German Empire proclaimed at Versailles
Key Figures
| Person | Role |
|---|
| Napoleon Bonaparte | Spread revolutionary ideas through conquests |
| Duke Metternich | Hosted Congress of Vienna, conservative |
| Giuseppe Mazzini | Founded Young Italy, republican ideals |
| Count Cavour | Chief Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont, diplomacy |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | Led Red Shirts, unified southern Italy |
| Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia, unified Germany |
| Kaiser William I | First German Emperor |
| Lord Byron | English poet, supported Greek independence |
Common Exam Traps
- Confusing Mazzini (ideals/vision) with Cavour (diplomacy) and Garibaldi (military action)
- Not knowing the exact year of German unification (1871)
- Forgetting that Napoleon both spread AND created opposition to nationalism
Chapter 2: Nationalism in India
Key Concepts
- First World War & Indian response: war created economic hardship, inspired self-rule demands
- Rowlatt Act (1919): British could imprison without trial; Gandhi called it unjust
- Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919): General Dyer, Amritsar; national outrage
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22):
- Reasons: Khilafat issue + Jallianwala Bagh + Rowlatt Act
- Methods: boycott of schools, courts, foreign cloth, councils; hand spinning (khadi)
- Ended: Chauri Chaura incident (Feb 1922) — Gandhi withdrew
- Simon Commission (1928): all-British, no Indian members; widespread protests
- Salt March / Dandi March (March 12, 1930): Gandhi walked 240 miles to Dandi; broke salt law
- Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34):
- Methods: breaking salt law, boycott of foreign goods, no-tax campaigns
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931)
- Second Round Table Conference (London)
- Quit India Movement (1942): "Do or Die" slogan
- Role of different social groups: business class, peasants, tribals, women, workers
Important Dates
1915 — Gandhi returns from South Africa
1919 — Rowlatt Act; Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 13)
1920 — Non-Cooperation Movement launched (Nagpur session)
1922 — Chauri Chaura incident; movement withdrawn
1927 — Simon Commission appointed
1928 — Simon Commission arrives in India
1929 — Lahore Congress session: Purna Swaraj demand
1930 — Dandi March (March 12); Civil Disobedience begins
1931 — Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 5)
1935 — Government of India Act
1942 — Quit India Movement (August 8)
1947 — Indian Independence (August 15)
Map Work (CRITICAL — free marks)
MUST KNOW locations on India map:
1. Indian National Congress Sessions: Calcutta (1920), Nagpur (1920), Madras (1927)
2. Important centres of Non-Cooperation: Kheda, Champaran, Ahmedabad, Chauri Chaura
3. Important centres of Civil Disobedience: Dandi, Dharasana
4. Jallianwala Bagh — Amritsar, Punjab
Common Exam Traps
- Mixing up Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) with Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34)
- Not knowing why Gandhi withdrew Non-Cooperation (Chauri Chaura violence)
- Forgetting the Khilafat connection to Non-Cooperation
- Not mentioning the role of women (Sarojini Naidu at Dharasana)
Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World
Key Concepts
- Silk Routes: ancient trade links (silk, spices, textiles, Buddhism)
- Pre-modern world: trade in food, culture, and disease (Smallpox from Americas)
- Colonialism: Europeans exploited resources, labor, markets of colonized countries
- Indentured labor: harsh contract system, Indian workers to Caribbean, Fiji, Mauritius
- Great Depression (1930s):
- Started with USA stock market crash (1929)
- Overproduction, falling prices, bank failures
- Impact on India: agricultural prices crashed, peasants suffered
- Bretton Woods Conference (1944): created IMF and World Bank
- Post-WWII: decolonization, new economic order, globalization
- MNCs (Multinational Corporations): global production, spread of technology
Important Dates
1885 — Big European migration era
1929 — Wall Street Crash, Great Depression begins
1944 — Bretton Woods Conference (IMF, World Bank)
1945 — WWII ends
1947 — GATT established
Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation
Key Concepts
- Proto-industrialisation: production in countryside before factories
- Industrial Revolution in Britain: cotton textiles, iron, steam engine
- Industrialisation in India:
- Decline of Indian handloom (British machine-made goods caused decline)
- Early entrepreneurs: Dwarkanath Tagore, Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata, Seth Hukumchand
- Bombay and Calcutta as industrial centres
- First World War: Indian factories produce for war → growth of Indian industry
- Impact on workers: low wages, poor conditions, seasonal employment, no job security
- Technology: spinning jenny, steam engine; BUT hand labor didn't disappear completely
Key Facts
1730s — Earliest factories in England
1764 — Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves)
1769 — Steam engine (James Watt)
1854 — First cotton mill in Bombay
1855 — First jute mill in Calcutta
1907 — TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company) in Jamshedpur
Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World
Key Concepts
- Earliest print technology: China (594 AD), Japan (Buddhist Diamond Sutra, 868 AD)
- Gutenberg's printing press (1430s): movable type, Bible first major book
- Impact of print: spread of ideas, Reformation (Martin Luther 95 Theses), science, literacy
- Print in India:
- Portuguese missionaries (Goa, 1550s)
- First Indian newspaper: Bengal Gazette (1780, James Hickey)
- Raja Rammohun Roy: Sambad Kaumudi, social reform through press
- Vernacular Press Act (1878): restricted Indian language newspapers
- Print fueled nationalism: Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Kesari), social reformers used print
Key Facts
594 AD — First known print in China
868 AD — Diamond Sutra (oldest Japanese printed book)
1430s — Gutenberg's press (Germany)
1517 — Luther's 95 Theses (Reformation)
1780 — Bengal Gazette (first Indian newspaper)
1878 — Vernacular Press Act
High-Yield Topics (495+ Strategy)
- Nationalism in India — Highest weightage, always a 5M LA; MAP WORK
- Rise of Nationalism in Europe — Unification of Germany/Italy = popular LA
- Making of a Global World — Great Depression frequently asked
- Print Culture — MCQ-heavy, factual retention needed
- Map Work — 2-3 free marks, practice daily
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Not writing exact dates and years (examiners check for precision)
- Mixing up European and Indian nationalism timelines
- Not linking movements to their causes and consequences
- Poor map marking — use correct symbols, mark precisely
- Writing long, unfocused answers instead of point-wise with dates
Answer Writing Framework for History
- Use dates in EVERY answer — "In 1919, the Rowlatt Act was passed..."
- Name the people — Gandhi, Nehru, Bismarck, Mazzini — examiners look for names
- Cause-Event-Consequence format for explaining movements
- For 5M questions: Write 5-6 points with sub-explanations
- Map answers: Mark precisely, write the name NEXT to the mark, not far away
- Use source-based answers: "According to the text..." when applicable
Reference Books
- NCERT — Primary, read every line (MCQs often come from one-line facts)
- Oswaal — For sample papers and previous year questions
- KV Papers — High-quality map work practice
- Toppers' Answer Sheets — Study the format, not just the content
