Query	Label	Action
`[{role:"window"}, {role:"toolbar"}, {role:"button"}]`	Compose	Start new conversation
`[{role:"window"}, {role:"toolbar"}, {role:"menu_button", index:0}]`	filter	Filter: Messages / Spam / Recently Deleted
`[{role:"window"}, {role:"toolbar"}, {role:"menu_button", index:1}]`	Start FaceTime	Call menu

Search

[{"role":"window"}, {"role":"group", "identifier":"CKConversationListCollectionView"}, {"role":"text_field"}]

Label: "Search". Use fill to type a search query.

Conversation List

Container:

[{"role":"window"}, {"role":"group", "identifier":"ConversationList"}]

Each conversation is a text element. Iterate with index:

[{"role":"window"}, {"role":"group", "identifier":"ConversationList"}, {"role":"text", "index": N}]

Pinned contacts come first (indices 0, 1, 2, ...). Label format: "Name, Pinned"
Regular conversations follow. Label format: "Name, Preview text, Date"

The label field contains all info — contact name, last message preview, and timestamp are comma-separated.

To open a conversation, the user must click it manually — see Gotchas below.

Conversation Title

[{"role":"window"}, {"role":"button", "identifier":"ConversationTitle"}]

Shows the currently open contact's name in label. Click to view contact details.

Message Transcript

Container:

[{"role":"window"}, {"role":"group", "identifier":"TranscriptCollectionView"}]

Two types of children:

Date/time separators — text elements. Iterate with index:

[..., {"role":"text", "index": N}]

Label examples: "Nov 6, 2022 at 16:30", "Sun, Mar 1 at 00:50"

Message bubbles — group elements with identifier: "Sticker". Iterate with index:

[..., {"role":"group", "identifier":"Sticker", "index": N}]

The group's label contains a summary: "Your iMessage, message text, time" or "Contact name, message text, time". Use this to determine sender and direction.

For the full message text, go one level deeper:

[..., {"role":"group", "identifier":"Sticker", "index": N}, {"role":"text_area", "identifier":"CKBalloonTextView"}]

The value field has the complete message content.

SMS messages may not have a CKBalloonTextView child. In that case, extract the text from the Sticker group's label — the format is "Sender, message text, time", so strip the first and last comma-separated segments.

Message Input

Container:

[{"role":"window"}, {"role":"group", "identifier":"MessageEntryView"}]

Query (from MessageEntryView)	Label	Purpose
`{"role":"text_field", "identifier":"messageBodyField"}`	Message / iMessage	Text input
`{"role":"button", "index":0}`	add	Attachment picker (+)
`{"role":"button", "index":1}`	Record audio	Voice message
`{"role":"button", "index":2}`	Emoji picker	Emoji keyboard

Useful Menu Items

Path	Action
`File > New Message` (id: `new_message`)	Cmd+N — new conversation
`Edit > Send Message` (id: `keyCommandSend:`)	Send the composed message
`Conversation > Delete Conversation…` (id: `keyCommandDeleteConversation:`)	Delete current conversation
`Conversation > Mark as Unread` (id: `keyCommandToggleUnreadState:`)	Toggle unread state
`View > Show Times` (id: `keyCommandToggleTimeStamp:`)	Show/hide timestamps

Gotchas

Clicking conversation items causes multi-select

Messages uses a SwiftUI list for the conversation sidebar. Synthesized CGEvent clicks (coordinate-based) are always interpreted as Cmd+click, causing multi-select instead of switching conversations. This is a macOS-level behavior — physical hardware clicks work, synthesized ones don't. No workaround exists at the CGEvent level.

Consequence: You cannot programmatically switch between conversations. You can only read from the currently open conversation.

What to do: Ask the user to manually open the conversation you need, then read its messages. Or use the search field + keyboard navigation as a partial workaround (fill search, press Down, press Return — results vary).

SMS bubbles lack CKBalloonTextView

iMessage bubbles have a text_area id:"CKBalloonTextView" child with the full text in value. SMS bubbles may not. Fall back to parsing the Sticker group's label field: format is "Sender, message text, time" — strip the first and last comma-separated segments to get the message body.

Avoid press_key — it steals focus

press_key activates the target app before posting keyboard events. Prefer select_menu_item for menu actions (e.g. select_menu_item({ app: "Messages", menuPath: ["Edit", "Send Message"] })) and click/fill for UI elements. Only use press_key as a last resort when no AX or menu alternative exists.

Pinned contacts have no date in label

Pinned conversation items have label format "Name, Pinned" with no date or preview text. You cannot determine when the last message was sent without opening the conversation.

Search results appear in a popover

When you fill the search field, results appear in a popover > scroll_area > table > row structure — not inside the ConversationList. The popover rows don't support AXPress. Use keyboard navigation (Down arrow + Return) to select a search result — but note this depends on the app being frontmost.

Workflows

List all conversations

for index 0..N:
  get_element [window, {group id:"ConversationList"}, {text, index}]
  → read label (name, preview, date are comma-separated)
  stop when error (no more items)

Read messages from the currently open conversation

# Check which conversation is open
get_element [window, {button id:"ConversationTitle"}]
→ label contains the contact name

# Read messages (oldest-first, iterate with index)
for index 0..N:
  get_element [window, {group id:"TranscriptCollectionView"}, {group id:"Sticker", index}]
  → label gives sender + text + time
  # For full text (iMessage):
  get_element [..., {text_area id:"CKBalloonTextView"}] → value
  # For SMS (no CKBalloonTextView): parse label instead

Send a message (in the currently open conversation)

fill [window, {group id:"MessageEntryView"}, {text_field id:"messageBodyField"}] with "Hello!"
select_menu_item({ app: "Messages", menuPath: ["Edit", "Send Message"] })

Start a new conversation

click [window, toolbar, button]  # Compose (AXPress works on buttons)
# A "To:" field appears — fill with the recipient name/number
# Then fill the message body and press Return