ovito

name	ovito
description	Use when code imports `ovito`, or user asks to render molecular snapshots / animations from LAMMPS, XYZ, GSD, PDB, CIF or POSCAR files. Covers headless rendering (Tachyon/OSPRay), coloring, PBC handling, bonds, camera setup, and publication-ready output.

ovito - Molecular Snapshot Rendering

Overview

OVITO Python is the headless pipeline API of the OVITO Pro/Basic visualization tool. It loads atomistic configurations, applies modifiers (color, unwrap, bonds, selection), and renders publication-quality PNG / MP4 output without a GUI or display. Targets OVITO 3.15+.

Core pattern: import_file() → pipeline.modifiers.append(...) → configure Viewport → viewport.render_image() / render_anim().

Scope of this skill: rendering snapshots and animations only. For analysis (RDF, MSD, order parameters), use the freud skill in this marketplace.

Installation

# Option A: official conda channel (recommended on conda/mamba systems)
conda install -c https://conda.ovito.org -c conda-forge ovito

# Option B: pip (works, but may emit a Qt-conflict warning in conda envs)
pip install ovito

If you see the warning "Did you accidentally install the OVITO package from PyPI in an Anaconda environment?", either follow option A, or silence with:

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message=".*OVITO.*PyPI")

This skill assumes import ovito works. See references/gotchas.md for the full Qt/conda story.

The 4-Step Mental Model

Every snapshot follows the same pipeline:

1. Load — import_file() returns a Pipeline.
2. Modify — append modifiers to pipeline.modifiers (color, unwrap, bonds, etc.).
3. View — create a Viewport, position the camera (or use zoom_all()).
4. Render — call viewport.render_image() (PNG) or render_anim() (MP4).

Canonical end-to-end snippet — load a LAMMPS dump, color by particle type, render a single frame:

from ovito.io import import_file
from ovito.vis import Viewport, TachyonRenderer
from ovito.modifiers import ColorCodingModifier

pipeline = import_file("dump.lammpstrj")
pipeline.modifiers.append(ColorCodingModifier(
    property="Particle Type",
    gradient=ColorCodingModifier.Rainbow()))
pipeline.add_to_scene()           # required: makes the pipeline visible in the viewport

vp = Viewport(type=Viewport.Type.Perspective)
vp.zoom_all()                      # fit camera to data
vp.render_image(size=(1600, 1200),
                filename="snap.png",
                renderer=TachyonRenderer())

add_to_scene() is mandatory — without it, the viewport renders an empty scene.

Loading Files

OVITO auto-detects format from the extension. import_file returns a Pipeline.

Format	Call	Notes
LAMMPS dump	import_file("traj.lammpstrj")	Auto-detects columns; types are ints (1, 2, …)
LAMMPS data	import_file("init.data", atom_style="full")	atom_style often required (atomic, bond, full, …)
XYZ / extxyz	import_file("frames.xyz")	extxyz preserves cell + per-atom properties
GSD	import_file("traj.gsd")	HOOMD-blue trajectories, includes topology
PDB	import_file("protein.pdb")	Biomolecules; bonds read from CONECT records
CIF	import_file("crystal.cif")	Reads cell + symmetry
POSCAR	import_file("POSCAR")	VASP; no extension required

Multi-frame trajectories:

pipeline = import_file("traj.lammpstrj")
print(pipeline.num_frames)               # frame count (lazy, doesn't load all)
data = pipeline.compute(frame=10)        # compute one specific frame

Globs and sequences (separate files per frame):

pipeline = import_file("frame_*.dump")   # wildcard merges to one trajectory

Sftp / https URLs also work: import_file("sftp://host/path/traj.dump").

For deeper format-specific options (atom-style detection, custom column maps), see the OVITO docs at https://docs.ovito.org/python/modules/ovito_io.html.

Core Modifiers (Pre-Render)

Modifiers transform data between loading and rendering. They run in order; the output of one is the input of the next.

Color by particle type

from ovito.modifiers import ColorCodingModifier

pipeline.modifiers.append(ColorCodingModifier(
    property="Particle Type",
    gradient=ColorCodingModifier.Rainbow()))

Available gradients: Rainbow, Viridis, Magma, Hot, Jet, BlueWhiteRed, Grayscale, CyclicRainbow, Fast. See references/modifiers.md for custom palettes and per-type color overrides.

Color by a scalar property

pipeline.modifiers.append(ColorCodingModifier(
    property="Potential Energy",
    gradient=ColorCodingModifier.Viridis(),
    start_value=-5.0, end_value=0.0))

Unwrap a periodic trajectory

from ovito.modifiers import UnwrapTrajectoriesModifier
pipeline.modifiers.append(UnwrapTrajectoriesModifier())

Apply this before CreateBondsModifier or any per-atom coloring that depends on continuity across the box boundary.

Wrap back into the primary cell

from ovito.modifiers import WrapPeriodicImagesModifier
pipeline.modifiers.append(WrapPeriodicImagesModifier())

Replicate the simulation cell

from ovito.modifiers import ReplicateModifier
pipeline.modifiers.append(ReplicateModifier(num_x=2, num_y=2, num_z=1))

Create bonds by distance cutoff

from ovito.modifiers import CreateBondsModifier
pipeline.modifiers.append(CreateBondsModifier(cutoff=1.8))

For polymers with topology loaded from a data file, bonds are already present — no need for this modifier.

Hide / slice particles

from ovito.modifiers import SelectTypeModifier, DeleteSelectedModifier
pipeline.modifiers.append(SelectTypeModifier(types={1}))   # select type-1 atoms
pipeline.modifiers.append(DeleteSelectedModifier())         # remove them

SelectTypeModifier supports operate_on="bonds" for bonds. See references/modifiers.md for region-based selection and slicing.

Viewport & Camera

A Viewport defines the camera. Preset views are usually enough:

from ovito.vis import Viewport
vp = Viewport(type=Viewport.Type.Perspective)   # or .Ortho, .Front, .Top, .Left, .Right, .Back, .Bottom
vp.zoom_all()

Manual camera placement

vp = Viewport(type=Viewport.Type.Perspective)
vp.camera_pos = (20.0, 20.0, 20.0)   # world-space position
vp.camera_dir = (-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)   # look direction (will be normalised)
vp.camera_up  = (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)      # optional, defaults to world up
vp.fov = 0.6                          # radians for Perspective

For Viewport.Type.Ortho, fov is the half-height of the visible region in world units (not radians):

vp = Viewport(type=Viewport.Type.Ortho)
vp.camera_pos = (5.0, 5.0, 20.0)
vp.camera_dir = (0.0, 0.0, -1.0)
vp.fov = 6.0                          # world units

zoom_all() is convenient but overrides any manual fov and recenters the camera; call it before manual tweaks if you want both.

Rendering

Three renderers ship with OVITO. Choose by use case:

Renderer	Speed	Quality	Headless	Use case
TachyonRenderer	Fast	Good	✓	Default; iteration, quick figures, animation
OSPRayRenderer	Slow	Excellent	✓	Publication figures, AO + denoising
OpenGLRenderer	Fastest	OK	✗ (needs display)	Interactive previews only

Single image (PNG / JPEG / TIFF)

from ovito.vis import TachyonRenderer
viewport.render_image(
    size=(1600, 1200),
    filename="snap.png",
    renderer=TachyonRenderer(ambient_occlusion=True, antialiasing_samples=4),
    background=(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),      # white
    alpha=False,                      # set True for transparent PNG
    frame=0,                          # which animation frame
)

Publication-quality with OSPRay

from ovito.vis import OSPRayRenderer
viewport.render_image(
    size=(2400, 1800),
    filename="figure.png",
    renderer=OSPRayRenderer(
        samples_per_pixel=8,
        refinement_iterations=4,
        denoising_enabled=True,
        material_shininess=10.0))

Animation — MP4

viewport.render_anim(
    filename="movie.mp4",
    size=(1280, 720),
    fps=30,
    renderer=TachyonRenderer())

render_anim also accepts .avi, .mov, .gif, or an image-sequence pattern with * in the filename (frame_*.png produces frame_0000.png, frame_0001.png, …). Use range=(start, end) and every_nth_frame=k to sub-sample.

See references/renderers.md for a full kwarg reference and the renderer decision tree.

Reference Files

• references/renderers.md — Full renderer kwargs (Tachyon, OSPRay, OpenGL) and a "which renderer should I use?" decision tree.
• references/modifiers.md — Extended modifier reference: custom color palettes, computed-property expressions, slicing, transforms.
• references/recipes.md — Copy-paste recipes: publication PNG, dark-mode slide figure, transparent overlay, MP4 from LAMMPS dump.
• references/gotchas.md — Six common pitfalls: Qt/conda conflict, headless OpenGL failure, wrap vs unwrap, missing cell, type-color stability, lazy frame loading.