csv-pipeline

name	csv-pipeline
description	Process, transform, analyze, and report on CSV and JSON data files. Use when the user needs to filter rows, join datasets, compute aggregates, convert formats, deduplicate, or generate summary reports from tabular data. Works with any CSV, TSV, or JSON Lines file.

CSV Data Pipeline

Process tabular data (CSV, TSV, JSON, JSON Lines) using standard command-line tools and Python. No external dependencies required beyond Python 3.

When to Use

• User provides a CSV/TSV/JSON file and asks to analyze, transform, or report on it
• Joining, filtering, grouping, or aggregating tabular data
• Converting between formats (CSV to JSON, JSON to CSV, etc.)
• Deduplicating, sorting, or cleaning messy data
• Generating summary statistics or reports
• ETL workflows: extract from one format, transform, load into another

Quick Operations with Standard Tools

Inspect

# Preview first rows
head -5 data.csv

# Count rows (excluding header)
tail -n +2 data.csv | wc -l

# Show column headers
head -1 data.csv

# Count unique values in a column (column 3)
tail -n +2 data.csv | cut -d',' -f3 | sort -u | wc -l

Filter with awk

# Filter rows where column 3 > 100
awk -F',' 'NR==1 || $3 > 100' data.csv > filtered.csv

# Filter rows matching a pattern in column 2
awk -F',' 'NR==1 || $2 ~ /pattern/' data.csv > matched.csv

# Sum column 4
awk -F',' 'NR>1 {sum += $4} END {print sum}' data.csv

Sort and Deduplicate

# Sort by column 2 (numeric)
head -1 data.csv > sorted.csv && tail -n +2 data.csv | sort -t',' -k2 -n >> sorted.csv

# Deduplicate by all columns
head -1 data.csv > deduped.csv && tail -n +2 data.csv | sort -u >> deduped.csv

# Deduplicate by specific column (keep first occurrence)
awk -F',' '!seen[$2]++' data.csv > deduped.csv

Python Operations (for complex transforms)

Read and Inspect

import csv, json, sys
from collections import Counter

def read_csv(path, delimiter=','):
    """Read CSV/TSV into list of dicts."""
    with open(path, newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        return list(csv.DictReader(f, delimiter=delimiter))

def write_csv(rows, path, delimiter=','):
    """Write list of dicts to CSV."""
    if not rows:
        return
    with open(path, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=rows[0].keys(), delimiter=delimiter)
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(rows)

# Quick stats
data = read_csv('data.csv')
print(f"Rows: {len(data)}")
print(f"Columns: {list(data[0].keys())}")
for col in data[0]:
    non_empty = sum(1 for r in data if r[col].strip())
    print()

Filter and Transform

# Filter rows
filtered = [r for r in data if float(r['amount']) > 100]

# Add computed column
for r in data:
    r['total'] = str(float(r['price']) * int(r['quantity']))

# Rename columns
renamed = [{('new_name' if k == 'old_name' else k): v for k, v in r.items()} for r in data]

# Type conversion
for r in data:
    r['amount'] = float(r['amount'])
    r['date'] = r['date'].strip()

Group and Aggregate

from collections import defaultdict

def group_by(rows, key):
    """Group rows by a column value."""
    groups = defaultdict(list)
    for r in rows:
        groups[r[key]].append(r)
    return dict(groups)

def aggregate(rows, group_col, agg_col, func='sum'):
    """Aggregate a column by groups."""
    groups = group_by(rows, group_col)
    results = []
    for name, group in sorted(groups.items()):
        values = [float(r[agg_col]) for r in group if r[agg_col].strip()]
        if func == 'sum':
            agg = sum(values)
        elif func == 'avg':
            agg = sum(values) / len(values) if values else 0
        elif func == 'count':
            agg = len(values)
        elif func == 'min':
            agg = min(values) if values else 0
        elif func == 'max':
            agg = max(values) if values else 0
        results.append({group_col: name, : (agg), : ((group))})
     results


summary = aggregate(data, , , )
write_csv(summary, )

Join Datasets

def inner_join(left, right, on):
    """Inner join two datasets on a key column."""
    right_index = {}
    for r in right:
        key = r[on]
        if key not in right_index:
            right_index[key] = []
        right_index[key].append(r)

    results = []
    for lr in left:
        key = lr[on]
        if key in right_index:
            for rr in right_index[key]:
                merged = {**lr}
                for k, v in rr.items():
                    if k != on:
                        merged[k] = v
                results.append(merged)
    return results

def left_join(left, right, on):
    """Left join: keep all left rows, fill missing right with empty."""
    right_index = {}
    right_cols = set()
    for r in right:
        key = r[on]
        right_cols.update(r.keys())
        if key not in right_index:
            right_index[key] = []
        right_index[key].append(r)
    right_cols.discard(on)

    results = []
    for lr in left:
        key = lr[on]
        if key in right_index:
            for rr in right_index[key]:
                merged = {**lr}
                for k, v in rr.items():
                    if k != on:
                        merged[k] = v
                results.append(merged)
        else:
            merged = {**lr}
             col  right_cols:
                merged[col] = 
            results.append(merged)
     results


orders = read_csv()
customers = read_csv()
joined = left_join(orders, customers, on=)
write_csv(joined, )

Deduplicate

def deduplicate(rows, key_cols=None):
    """Remove duplicate rows. If key_cols specified, dedupe by those columns only."""
    seen = set()
    unique = []
    for r in rows:
        if key_cols:
            key = tuple(r[c] for c in key_cols)
        else:
            key = tuple(sorted(r.items()))
        if key not in seen:
            seen.add(key)
            unique.append(r)
    return unique

# Deduplicate by email column
clean = deduplicate(data, key_cols=['email'])

Format Conversion

CSV to JSON

import json, csv

with open('data.csv', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    rows = list(csv.DictReader(f))

# Array of objects
with open('data.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(rows, f, indent=2)

# JSON Lines (one object per line, streamable)
with open('data.jsonl', 'w') as f:
    for row in rows:
        f.write(json.dumps(row) + '\n')

JSON to CSV

import json, csv

with open('data.json') as f:
    rows = json.load(f)

with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=rows[0].keys())
    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerows(rows)

JSON Lines to CSV

import json, csv

rows = []
with open('data.jsonl') as f:
    for line in f:
        if line.strip():
            rows.append(json.loads(line))

with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    all_keys = set()
    for r in rows:
        all_keys.update(r.keys())
    writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=sorted(all_keys))
    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerows(rows)

TSV to CSV

tr '\t' ',' < data.tsv > data.csv

Data Cleaning Patterns

Fix common CSV issues

def clean_csv(rows):
    """Clean common CSV data quality issues."""
    cleaned = []
    for r in rows:
        clean_row = {}
        for k, v in r.items():
            # Strip whitespace from keys and values
            k = k.strip()
            v = v.strip() if isinstance(v, str) else v
            # Normalize empty values
            if v in ('', 'N/A', 'n/a', 'NA', 'null', 'NULL', 'None', '-'):
                v = ''
            # Normalize boolean values
            if v.lower() in ('true', 'yes', '1', 'y'):
                v = 'true'
            elif v.lower() in ('false', 'no', '0', 'n'):
                v = 'false'
            clean_row[k] = v
        cleaned.append(clean_row)
    return cleaned

Validate data types

def validate_rows(rows, schema):
    """
    Validate rows against a schema.
    schema: dict of column_name -> 'int'|'float'|'date'|'email'|'str'
    Returns (valid_rows, error_rows)
    """
    import re
    valid, errors = [], []
    for i, r in enumerate(rows):
        errs = []
        for col, dtype in schema.items():
            val = r.get(col, '').strip()
            if not val:
                continue
            if dtype == 'int':
                try:
                    int(val)
                except ValueError:
                    errs.append(f"{col}: '{val}' not int")
            elif dtype == 'float':
                try:
                    float(val)
                except ValueError:
                    errs.append(f"{col}: '{val}' not float")
            elif dtype == 'email':
                if not re.match(r'^[^@]+@[^@]+\.[^@]+$', val):
                    errs.append(f"{col}: '{val}' not email")
            elif dtype == 'date':
                if not re.match(r'^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}', val):
                    errs.append()
         errs:
            errors.append({: i + , : errs, : r})
        :
            valid.append(r)
     valid, errors


valid, bad = validate_rows(data, {: , : , : })
()
 e  bad[:]:
    ()

Generating Reports

Summary report as Markdown

def generate_report(data, title, group_col, value_col):
    """Generate a Markdown summary report."""
    lines = [f"# {title}", f"", f"**Total rows**: {len(data)}", ""]

    # Group summary
    groups = group_by(data, group_col)
    lines.append(f"## By {group_col}")
    lines.append("")
    lines.append(f"| {group_col} | Count | Sum | Avg | Min | Max |")
    lines.append("|---|---|---|---|---|---|")

    for name in sorted(groups):
        vals = [float(r[value_col]) for r in groups[name] if r[value_col].strip()]
        if vals:
            lines.append(f"| {name} | {len(vals)} | {sum(vals):.2f} | {sum(vals)/len(vals):.2f} | {min(vals):.2f} | {max(vals):.2f} |")

    lines.append("")
    lines.append(f"*Generated from {len(data)} rows*")
    return '\n'.join(lines)

report = generate_report(data, "Sales Summary", , )
 (, )  f:
    f.write(report)

Large File Handling

For files too large to load into memory at once:

def stream_process(input_path, output_path, transform_fn, delimiter=','):
    """Process a CSV row-by-row without loading entire file."""
    with open(input_path, newline='', encoding='utf-8') as fin, \
         open(output_path, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as fout:
        reader = csv.DictReader(fin, delimiter=delimiter)
        writer = None
        for row in reader:
            result = transform_fn(row)
            if result is None:
                continue  # Skip row
            if writer is None:
                writer = csv.DictWriter(fout, fieldnames=result.keys(), delimiter=delimiter)
                writer.writeheader()
            writer.writerow(result)

# Example: filter and transform in streaming fashion
def process_row(row):
    if float(row.get('amount', 0) or 0) < 10:
        return None  # Skip small amounts
    row['amount_usd'] = str(float(row['amount']) * 1.0)  # Add computed field
    return row

stream_process(, , process_row)

Tips

• Always check encoding: file -i data.csv or open with encoding='utf-8-sig' for BOM files
• For Excel exports with commas in values, the CSV module handles quoting automatically
• Use json.dumps(ensure_ascii=False) for international characters
• Pipe-delimited files: use delimiter='|' in csv.reader/writer
• For very large aggregations, consider sqlite3 which Python includes:

  sqlite3 :memory: ".mode csv" ".import data.csv t" "SELECT category, SUM(amount) FROM t GROUP BY category;"