dotnet-devcert-trust

name	dotnet-devcert-trust
description	Diagnose and fix .NET HTTPS dev certificate trust issues on Linux. Covers the full certificate lifecycle from generation to system CA bundle inclusion, with distro-specific guidance for Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch, and WSL2.
invocable	false

.NET Dev Certificate Trust on Linux

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

• Redis TLS connections fail with UntrustedRoot or RemoteCertificateNameMismatch in Aspire
• dotnet dev-certs https --check --trust returns exit code 7
• HTTPS localhost connections fail with certificate validation errors
• After running dotnet dev-certs https --clean and needing to restore trust
• Setting up a new Linux dev machine for .NET HTTPS development
• Aspire dashboard or inter-service gRPC calls fail with TLS errors
• Upgrading from Aspire < 13.1.0 (which didn't use TLS on Redis by default)

The Problem

On Windows and macOS, dotnet dev-certs https --trust handles everything automatically — it generates the certificate, installs it in the user store, and adds it to the system trust store. On Linux, it does almost nothing useful. The command generates the cert and places it in the user store, but:

1. It does not export the certificate to the system CA directory
2. It does not run update-ca-certificates to rebuild the CA bundle
3. It does not add the cert to browser trust stores (NSS/NSSDB)
4. The --trust flag silently succeeds but the cert remains untrusted

This means .NET applications, OpenSSL, curl, and browsers all reject the dev certificate — even though dotnet dev-certs https --check reports it exists.

Why This Surfaces with Aspire 13.1.0+

Prior to Aspire 13.1.0, Redis connections used plaintext. Starting with 13.1.0, Aspire enables TLS on Redis by default. If your dev cert isn't trusted at the system level, Redis connections fail immediately with:

System.Security.Authentication.AuthenticationException:
  The remote certificate is invalid because of errors in the certificate chain: UntrustedRoot

How Linux Certificate Trust Works

Understanding the architecture prevents cargo-cult debugging:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Application (.NET, curl, OpenSSL)                   │
│   reads: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt         │
│          (consolidated CA bundle)                    │
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
                       │ built by
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────┐
│ update-ca-certificates                              │
│   reads from:                                        │
│     /usr/share/ca-certificates/      (distro CAs)   │
│     /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ (local CAs)   │
│   writes to:                                         │
│     /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt (bundle)     │
│     /etc/ssl/certs/*.pem (individual symlinks)      │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Key insight: Placing a .crt file in /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ is necessary but not sufficient. The consolidated bundle at /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt must be rebuilt by running update-ca-certificates. Applications read the bundle, not the individual files.

5-Point Diagnostic Procedure

Run these checks in order. Stop at the first FAIL and apply its fix before continuing.

Check 1: Dev Cert Existence

dotnet dev-certs https --check
echo "Exit code: $?"

Exit Code	Meaning	Action
0	Cert exists in user store	PASS — continue
Non-zero	No valid dev cert	Run dotnet dev-certs https

Check 2: System Trust Store — Single Cert, Correct Permissions

ls -la /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ | grep -iE 'dotnet|aspnet'

Result	Meaning
Only dotnet-dev-cert.crt with -rw-r--r-- (644)	PASS
Multiple cert files, wrong permissions, or stale aspnet* files	FAIL

Common stale files from previous sessions:

File	Problem
aspnetcore-dev.crt	Often created with 0600 permissions (unreadable by update-ca-certificates)
aspnet/https.crt	Old convention, may have a different fingerprint than current dev cert
dotnet-dev-cert.crt with 0600	Correct name but wrong permissions

Fix:

# Remove ALL stale cert files
sudo rm -f /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/aspnetcore-dev.crt
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/aspnet/

# Ensure correct permissions on the dev cert (if it exists)
sudo chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt

Check 3: CA Bundle Inclusion

This is the most commonly failed check. The cert file exists but was never added to the bundle.

openssl verify -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
  /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt

Result	Meaning
dotnet-dev-cert.crt: OK	PASS — cert is in the consolidated bundle
error 20 at 0 depth lookup: unable to get local issuer certificate	FAIL — bundle was never rebuilt
error 2 at 0 depth lookup: unable to get issuer certificate	FAIL — same issue, different OpenSSL version

Fix:

sudo update-ca-certificates
# Expected output includes "1 added" or similar

# Re-verify
openssl verify -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
  /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt

Check 4: Environment Variable Overrides

SSL environment variables can redirect certificate lookups away from the system bundle:

echo "SSL_CERT_DIR=${SSL_CERT_DIR:-<unset>}"
echo "SSL_CERT_FILE=${SSL_CERT_FILE:-<unset>}"
echo "DOTNET_SSL_CERT_DIR=${DOTNET_SSL_CERT_DIR:-<unset>}"
echo "DOTNET_SYSTEM_NET_HTTP_USESOCKETSHTTPHANDLER=${DOTNET_SYSTEM_NET_HTTP_USESOCKETSHTTPHANDLER:-<unset>}"

Result	Meaning
All <unset>	PASS
Any variable set	FAIL — may redirect cert lookups

Fix: Remove the offending variables from your shell profile (~/.bashrc, ~/.zshrc, ~/.profile) and start a new shell.

Check 5: Symlink Integrity

Stale symlinks from previously removed certificates can confuse OpenSSL:

find /etc/ssl/certs/ -xtype l 2>/dev/null | head -5

Result	Meaning
No output	PASS
Broken symlinks listed	FAIL

Fix:

sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh
# Rebuilds ALL symlinks from scratch

Full Recovery Procedure

When multiple checks fail or you want a clean slate, run this complete sequence:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

echo "=== .NET Dev Certificate Trust Recovery ==="

# Step 1: Remove ALL stale certificate files
echo "--- Removing stale certificate files ---"
sudo rm -f /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/aspnetcore-dev.crt
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/aspnet/
sudo rm -f /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt

# Step 2: Clean and regenerate dev cert
echo "--- Regenerating dev certificate ---"
dotnet dev-certs https --clean
dotnet dev-certs https

# Step 3: Export as PEM and install to system trust store
echo "--- Installing to system trust store ---"
dotnet dev-certs https --export-path /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt --format PEM --no-password
sudo cp /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
sudo chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
rm /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt

# Step 4: Rebuild CA bundle (CRITICAL — most commonly missed step)
echo "--- Rebuilding CA bundle ---"
sudo update-ca-certificates

# Step 5: Verify
echo "--- Verifying ---"
openssl verify -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
  /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt

echo "=== Done! Restart your .NET application. ==="

Save this as ~/fix-devcert.sh and run with bash ~/fix-devcert.sh when needed.

Distro-Specific Notes

Ubuntu / Debian

The procedure above is written for Ubuntu/Debian and works as-is.

• CA directory: /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
• Bundle command: sudo update-ca-certificates
• Bundle output: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
• Cert format: PEM with .crt extension required

Fedora / RHEL / CentOS

Fedora uses update-ca-trust instead of update-ca-certificates:

# Export cert
dotnet dev-certs https --export-path /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.pem --format PEM --no-password

# Install to Fedora trust store (different directory!)
sudo cp /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/dotnet-dev-cert.pem
sudo chmod 644 /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/dotnet-dev-cert.pem
rm /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.pem

# Rebuild trust bundle
sudo update-ca-trust

# Verify
openssl verify /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/dotnet-dev-cert.pem

Key differences:

	Ubuntu/Debian	Fedora/RHEL
CA directory	/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/	/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
Rebuild command	update-ca-certificates	update-ca-trust
Bundle path	/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt	/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
Extension	.crt	.pem (any extension works)

Arch Linux

Arch uses the same update-ca-trust approach as Fedora:

sudo cp /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.pem /etc/ca-certificates/trust-source/anchors/dotnet-dev-cert.pem
sudo chmod 644 /etc/ca-certificates/trust-source/anchors/dotnet-dev-cert.pem
sudo update-ca-trust

WSL2

WSL2 runs a real Linux kernel with its own certificate store — separate from the Windows host. The standard Ubuntu/Debian procedure works, but watch for:

1. Shared filesystem (/mnt/c/) — cert files on the Windows filesystem have Windows permissions that may not be 644. Always copy to a native Linux path first.
2. systemd not running — some older WSL2 setups don't have systemd, which update-ca-certificates hooks may depend on. If the command hangs, try sudo dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates instead.
3. Docker Desktop integration — If using Docker Desktop's WSL2 backend, containers inherit the WSL2 distro's CA bundle. Fixing trust in WSL2 fixes it for containers too.

Aspire-Specific Considerations

Redis TLS (Aspire 13.1.0+)

Aspire 13.1.0 enables TLS on Redis by default. If you see:

UntrustedRoot

in Redis connection errors, the dev cert isn't trusted at the system level. Run the full recovery procedure above.

Aspire Dashboard HTTPS

The Aspire dashboard uses the dev cert for HTTPS. If the dashboard shows certificate warnings in the browser, the cert isn't in the browser's trust store. For development, clicking through the warning is acceptable — the system-level trust (needed for Redis, gRPC, etc.) is the priority.

ASPIRE_ALLOW_UNSECURED_TRANSPORT

Setting ASPIRE_ALLOW_UNSECURED_TRANSPORT=true is a workaround, not a fix. It disables TLS for inter-service communication, which:

• Masks the underlying trust issue
• Doesn't match production behavior
• May cause different bugs than what you'd see in production

Fix the cert trust instead.

Certificate Lifecycle

The dev cert is valid for 1 year from creation. When it expires:

1. dotnet dev-certs https --check will report no valid cert
2. Run the full recovery procedure to generate a new cert
3. The old cert file in /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ will be replaced
4. update-ca-certificates will swap the old cert for the new one in the bundle

No system reboot is required. Applications pick up the new bundle on next TLS handshake (restart your app).

Automation: CI/CD Pipelines

In CI/CD on Linux runners, dev certs are rarely needed (you typically test against real certificates or disable TLS validation in test harnesses). However, if your integration tests require trusted dev certs:

GitHub Actions

- name: Trust .NET Dev Certificate
  run: |
    dotnet dev-certs https
    dotnet dev-certs https --export-path /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt --format PEM --no-password
    sudo cp /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
    sudo chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
    rm /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
    sudo update-ca-certificates

Azure DevOps

- script: |
    dotnet dev-certs https
    dotnet dev-certs https --export-path /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt --format PEM --no-password
    sudo cp /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
    sudo chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
    rm /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
    sudo update-ca-certificates
  displayName: 'Trust .NET Dev Certificate'

Common Pitfalls

1. Cert placed but bundle never rebuilt

Symptom: Cert file exists in /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ but openssl verify fails.

Cause: update-ca-certificates was never run after placing the file.

Fix: sudo update-ca-certificates

This is the single most common mistake. The CA directory is an input to the bundle generation process, not the bundle itself.

2. Stale cert files with wrong permissions

Symptom: update-ca-certificates runs but reports 0 added.

Cause: Cert files with 0600 permissions are unreadable by update-ca-certificates (which runs as root but reads files through a process that may check world-readability). Files must be 644.

Fix: sudo chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/*.crt

3. Multiple cert files from different sessions

Symptom: update-ca-certificates adds multiple certs, but applications still fail.

Cause: Old cert files from previous dotnet dev-certs https --clean / regenerate cycles remain in the CA directory. The old cert's fingerprint doesn't match the current dev cert.

Fix: Remove all dotnet* and aspnet* files, then re-export the current cert.

4. Fingerprint mismatch after clean/regenerate

Symptom: openssl verify passes but .NET still reports UntrustedRoot.

Cause: The cert in /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ was exported from a previous dev cert. After dotnet dev-certs https --clean && dotnet dev-certs https, a new cert with a different fingerprint was generated. The system trusts the old cert, not the new one.

Fix: Re-export and reinstall:

dotnet dev-certs https --export-path /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt --format PEM --no-password
sudo cp /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
sudo update-ca-certificates

5. Using --trust and assuming it worked

Symptom: dotnet dev-certs https --trust returns exit code 0 but nothing is actually trusted.

Cause: On Linux, --trust attempts to add the cert to the OpenSSL trust store but does not call update-ca-certificates. The operation "succeeds" from dotnet's perspective but the bundle remains unchanged.

Fix: Don't rely on --trust on Linux. Follow the manual procedure in this skill.

Quick Reference

# Generate dev cert (if missing)
dotnet dev-certs https

# Export as PEM
dotnet dev-certs https --export-path /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt --format PEM --no-password

# Install to system trust (Ubuntu/Debian)
sudo cp /tmp/dotnet-dev-cert.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
sudo chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt
sudo update-ca-certificates

# Verify trust
openssl verify -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
  /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt

# Check cert details
openssl x509 -in /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/dotnet-dev-cert.crt -noout -subject -dates -fingerprint

# Nuclear option: full clean + rebuild
dotnet dev-certs https --clean && dotnet dev-certs https

Related Skills

• dotnet-skills:aspire-configuration — Aspire AppHost configuration including TLS settings
• dotnet-skills:aspire-service-defaults — Service defaults including HTTPS configuration