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Guide database design, migration, and query optimization. Use when: schema design, migration planning, query optimization, index strategy. Not for: application code migration or framework upgrades — use /migrate; the API contract over the data — use /api-design. Keywords: database, schema, migration, SQL, index, query.

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AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards
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August 17, 2026 at 06:20
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name
database
scope
universal
description
Guide database design, migration, and query optimization. Use when: schema design, migration planning, query optimization, index strategy. Not for: application code migration or framework upgrades — use /migrate; the API contract over the data — use /api-design. Keywords: database, schema, migration, SQL, index, query.
allowed-tools
Read, Grep, Glob
argument-hint
[schema or migration to review | 要審查的 schema 或遷移]
# Database Assistant | 資料庫助手 Guide database design, migration planning, and query optimization. 引導資料庫設計、遷移規劃和查詢最佳化。 ## Core Principles | 核心原則 | Principle | Description | 說明 | |-----------|-------------|------| | Normalization | Eliminate redundancy (3NF minimum) | 消除冗餘(至少 3NF) | | Referential Integrity | Enforce FK constraints | 強制外鍵約束 | | Index Strategy | Index query patterns, not all columns | 依查詢模式建立索引 | | Migration Safety | Always reversible, zero-downtime | 可逆、零停機 | | Data Protection | Encrypt sensitive fields, audit access | 加密敏感欄位、稽核存取 | ## Schema Design Checklist | Schema 設計檢查清單 - [ ] Primary keys defined (prefer UUID or BIGINT) | 主鍵已定義 - [ ] Foreign keys with proper ON DELETE/UPDATE | 外鍵含適當的級聯策略 - [ ] NOT NULL constraints on required fields | 必填欄位加 NOT NULL - [ ] Indexes on frequently queried columns | 常查詢欄位建立索引 - [ ] Created/Updated timestamps on all tables | 所有表加建立/更新時間戳 - [ ] Sensitive data encrypted at rest | 敏感資料靜態加密 - [ ] Naming conventions consistent (snake_case) | 命名慣例一致(snake_case) ## Normalization Quick Reference | 正規化快速參考 | Normal Form | Rule | 規則 | |-------------|------|------| | **1NF** | Atomic values, no repeating groups | 原子值、無重複群組 | | **2NF** | 1NF + no partial dependencies | 1NF + 無部分相依 | | **3NF** | 2NF + no transitive dependencies | 2NF + 無遞移相依 | | **Denormalize** | Only for proven read performance needs | 僅針對已證實的讀取效能需求 | ## Migration Workflow | 遷移工作流程 ``` PLAN ──► WRITE ──► TEST ──► DEPLOY ──► VERIFY ``` ### 1. Plan — Assess Impact | 評估影響 Identify affected tables, estimate data volume, plan rollback strategy. 識別受影響的表、估算資料量、規劃回滾策略。 ### 2. Write — Create Migration | 撰寫遷移 Write forward and rollback scripts. Use incremental, numbered migrations. 撰寫正向和回滾腳本。使用遞增編號的遷移。 ### 3. Test — Validate Migration | 驗證遷移 Run on staging with production-like data. Verify data integrity post-migration. 在 staging 環境使用類生產資料執行。驗證遷移後資料完整性。 ### 4. Deploy — Execute Migration | 執行遷移 Apply during maintenance window or use online schema change tools. 在維護窗口執行,或使用線上 Schema 變更工具。 ### 5. Verify — Confirm Success | 確認成功 Check row counts, constraint validity, application functionality. 檢查列數、約束有效性、應用程式功能。 ## Index Strategy | 索引策略 | Type | Use Case | 使用場景 | |------|----------|----------| | B-tree | Equality, range queries (default) | 等值、範圍查詢(預設) | | Hash | Exact match only | 僅精確匹配 | | GIN | Full-text search, JSONB | 全文搜尋、JSONB | | Partial | Filtered subsets | 過濾子集 | | Composite | Multi-column queries | 多欄位查詢 | ## Usage | 使用方式 ``` /database - Interactive database design guide | 互動式資料庫設計引導 /database schema - Review schema design | 審查 Schema 設計 /database --migration - Migration planning assistant | 遷移規劃助手 ``` ## Next Steps Guidance | 下一步引導 After `/database` completes, the AI assistant should suggest: > **資料庫設計完成。建議下一步 / Database design complete. Suggested next steps:** > - 執行 `/security` 檢查資料保護措施 — Check data protection measures > - 執行 `/testing` 規劃資料庫測試策略 ⭐ **Recommended / 推薦** — Plan database testing strategy > - 執行 `/checkin` 確認遷移符合提交規範 — Verify migrations meet check-in standards > - 產生 API 端點 → 執行 `/api-design` — Generate API endpoints → Run `/api-design` ## Reference | 參考 - Core standard: [database-standards.md](../../core/database-standards.md) ## Version History | 版本歷史 | Version | Date | Changes | 變更說明 | |---------|------|---------|----------| | 1.0.0 | 2026-03-23 | Initial release | 初始版本 | ## License | 授權 CC BY 4.0 — Documentation content
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