| name | java-dev |
| description | Java 开发规范,包含命名约定、异常处理、Spring Boot 最佳实践等 |
| version | v3.0 |
| paths | ["**/*.java","**/pom.xml","**/build.gradle","**/build.gradle.kts"] |
Java 开发规范
参考来源: Google Java Style Guide、阿里巴巴 Java 开发手册
工具链
mvn clean compile
mvn test
mvn verify
./gradlew build
./gradlew test
命名约定
| 类型 | 规则 | 示例 |
|---|
| 包名 | 全小写,域名反转 | com.example.project |
| 类名 | 大驼峰,名词/名词短语 | UserService, HttpClient |
| 方法名 | 小驼峰,动词开头 | findById, isValid |
| 常量 | 全大写下划线分隔 | MAX_RETRY_COUNT |
| 布尔返回值 | is/has/can 前缀 | isActive(), hasPermission() |
类成员顺序
public class Example {
public static final String CONSTANT = "value";
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Example.class);
private Long id;
public Example() { }
public static Example create() { return new Example(); }
public void doSomething() { }
private void helperMethod() { }
}
异常处理
try {
user = userRepository.findById(id);
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
throw new ServiceException("Failed to find user: " + id, e);
}
try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file)) {
}
catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
空值处理
public Optional<User> findById(Long id) {
return userRepository.findById(id);
}
public void updateUser(User user) {
Objects.requireNonNull(user, "user must not be null");
}
String name = Optional.ofNullable(user)
.map(User::getName)
.orElse("Unknown");
并发编程
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
Future<Result> future = executor.submit(() -> doWork());
CompletableFuture<User> future = CompletableFuture
.supplyAsync(() -> findUser(id))
.thenApply(user -> enrichUser(user));
new Thread(() -> doWork()).start();
测试规范 (JUnit 5)
class UserServiceTest {
@Test
@DisplayName("根据 ID 查找用户 - 用户存在时返回用户")
void findById_whenUserExists_returnsUser() {
when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(expected));
Optional<User> result = userService.findById(1L);
assertThat(result).isPresent();
assertThat(result.get().getName()).isEqualTo("test");
}
}
Spring Boot 规范
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class UserService {
private final UserRepository userRepository;
private final EmailService emailService;
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<UserDto> findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return userService.findById(id)
.map(ResponseEntity::ok)
.orElse(ResponseEntity.notFound().build());
}
}
性能优化
| 陷阱 | 解决方案 |
|---|
| N+1 查询 | 使用 JOIN FETCH 或批量查询 |
| 循环拼接字符串 | 使用 StringBuilder |
| 频繁装箱拆箱 | 使用原始类型流 |
| 未指定集合初始容量 | new ArrayList<>(size) |
日志规范
log.debug("Finding user by id: {}", userId);
log.info("User {} logged in successfully", username);
log.error("Failed to process order {}", orderId, exception);
log.debug("Finding user by id: " + userId);
详细参考
| 文件 | 内容 |
|---|
references/java-style.md | 命名约定、异常处理、Spring Boot、测试规范 |
references/collections.md | 不可变集合(Guava)、字符串分割 |
references/concurrency.md | 线程池配置、CompletableFuture 超时 |
references/code-patterns.md | 卫语句、枚举优化、策略工厂模式 |
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