devops-deploy-cloudflare
Cloudflare 部署方法论,使用 wrangler CLI 部署 Cloudflare Pages(前端/静态站点)和 Workers(Serverless 边缘函数)
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- devops/deploy-cloudflare
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- Cloudflare 部署方法论,使用 wrangler CLI 部署 Cloudflare Pages(前端/静态站点)和 Workers(Serverless 边缘函数)
# Cloudflare 部署
## 适用场景
- **Cloudflare Pages**:前端应用(Next.js、React、Vue、SvelteKit、静态站点)
- **Cloudflare Workers**:边缘 Serverless 函数、API、Webhooks
- 需要全球边缘网络低延迟的场景
- 对冷启动和全球分发有要求的应用
## 前置条件
1. 安装 Wrangler CLI:`npm i -g wrangler`
2. 登录 Cloudflare:`npx wrangler login`(需要用户交互完成授权)
3. 验证登录状态:`npx wrangler whoami`
## 部署模式选择
| 项目类型 | 部署模式 | 命令 |
| ------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------- |
| 前端应用 / SPA | Cloudflare Pages | `wrangler pages deploy` |
| 静态站点 | Cloudflare Pages | `wrangler pages deploy` |
| Serverless API / 边缘函数 | Workers | `wrangler deploy` |
| Next.js SSR | Pages (Next adapter) | `wrangler pages deploy` |
## 一、Cloudflare Pages 部署
### 1. 构建项目
```bash
npm run build
# 产物目录通常为 dist/、build/ 或 .next/
```
### 2. 首次部署
```bash
# 部署静态产物到 Cloudflare Pages
npx wrangler pages deploy dist --project-name=my-app
```
**首次部署输出示例**:
```
✨ Compiled Worker successfully
🌍 Uploading... (20.4 MB)
✨ Deployment complete! Take a peek over at https://my-app.pages.dev
```
### 3. 配置 wrangler.toml(Pages 项目)
Pages 项目可以使用 `wrangler.toml` 或命令行参数管理配置:
```toml
name = "my-app"
compatibility_date = "2024-01-01"
pages_build_output_dir = "dist"
[env.production]
name = "my-app"
[env.staging]
name = "my-app-staging"
```
### 4. 环境变量
```bash
# 设置环境变量(Pages)
npx wrangler pages secret put DATABASE_URL
# 列出 secrets
npx wrangler pages secret list
# 删除 secret
npx wrangler pages secret delete DATABASE_URL
```
### 5. 自定义域名
```bash
# 绑定自定义域名到 Pages 项目
npx wrangler pages domain add example.com --project-name=my-app
```
## 二、Cloudflare Workers 部署
### 1. wrangler.toml 配置
```toml
name = "my-worker"
main = "src/index.ts"
compatibility_date = "2024-01-01"
compatibility_flags = ["nodejs_compat"]
# 路由绑定
routes = [
{ pattern = "api.example.com/*", zone_name = "example.com" }
]
# KV 命名空间绑定
[[kv_namespaces]]
binding = "MY_KV"
id = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
# R2 存储桶绑定
[[r2_buckets]]
binding = "MY_BUCKET"
bucket_name = "my-bucket"
# D1 数据库绑定
[[d1_databases]]
binding = "DB"
database_name = "my-db"
database_id = "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx"
```
### 2. 部署 Worker
```bash
# 部署(首次会自动创建)
npx wrangler deploy
# 部署到特定环境
npx wrangler deploy --env staging
# 本地预览
npx wrangler dev
```
### 3. Workers 环境变量与 Secrets
```bash
# 添加 secret
npx wrangler secret put API_KEY
# 列出 secrets
npx wrangler secret list
# 删除 secret
npx wrangler secret delete API_KEY
```
### 4. 创建 KV 命名空间
```bash
# 创建 KV 命名空间
npx wrangler kv namespace create MY_KV
# 写入 KV 数据
npx wrangler kv key put --namespace-id=<ID> mykey myvalue
# 读取 KV 数据
npx wrangler kv key get --namespace-id=<ID> mykey
```
### 5. 创建 R2 存储桶
```bash
# 创建 R2 存储桶
npx wrangler r2 bucket create my-bucket
# 上传文件到 R2
npx wrangler r2 object put my-bucket/file.txt --file=./file.txt
```
## CI/CD 集成
### GitHub Actions 自动部署 Pages
```yaml
name: Deploy to Cloudflare Pages
on:
push:
branches: [main]
jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: 20
- run: npm ci
- run: npm run build
- name: Deploy to Cloudflare Pages
uses: cloudflare/pages-action@v1
with:
apiToken: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
accountId: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID }}
projectName: my-app
directory: dist
```
### GitHub Actions 自动部署 Workers
```yaml
name: Deploy Worker
on:
push:
branches: [main]
jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: 20
- run: npm ci
- run: npm test
- name: Deploy
run: npx wrangler deploy
env:
CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID }}
```
**需要的 Secrets**:
- `CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN`:Cloudflare API Token(My Profile → API Tokens → Create Token,选 "Edit Cloudflare Workers" 模板)
- `CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID`:账户 ID(Workers 页面右侧栏可获取)
## 项目类型适配
| 项目类型 | 配置要点 | 产物目录 |
| -------------------------- | --------------------------------- | -------- |
| Vite (React/Vue) | `pages_build_output_dir = "dist"` | dist |
| Next.js 静态导出 | `output: 'export'` in next.config | out |
| Astro | 自动检测 | dist |
| SvelteKit | 使用 `adapter-cloudflare` | build |
| Workers (Hono/itty-router) | `main = "src/index.ts"` | - |
## 检查清单
- [ ] `wrangler.toml` 配置正确(项目名、产物目录、绑定)
- [ ] 登录状态有效(`wrangler whoami`)
- [ ] 环境变量与 Secrets 已配置
- [ ] 构建产物存在(dist/ 等)
- [ ] 部署 URL 可访问(`*.pages.dev` 或自定义域名)
- [ ] KV/R2/D1 绑定正确(如使用)
- [ ] CI/CD Secrets 已配置
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