Link a NeqSim process simulation and engineering documents to a finite-element model of the solid: heat conduction through a layered wall, transient cooldown, species diffusion in porous rock, and the thermal and pressure stress that follow. Merges P&ID, STID, datasheet, insulation-specification and inspection inputs into a traceable design basis, converts a flashed NeqSim fluid into a film coefficient, a Biot and Fourier number and a mesh and time-step target, solves the layered one-dimensional problem with a dependency-free finite-element solver verified against the closed-form resistance, generates a structured Gmsh mesh in two dimensions or swept into three (revolved pipe or vessel wall, extruded plate or block) and a runnable scikit-fem or FEniCSx case, screens which backend is defensible (scikit-fem, FEniCSx, SfePy, MFEM, OpenSeesPy, PyNite), renders the mesh and the solved field off-screen with PyVista including surface, cut-plane and clipped three-dimensional views, gates the study on discretisation,
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Link a NeqSim process simulation and engineering documents to a finite-element model of the solid: heat conduction through a layered wall, transient cooldown, species diffusion in porous rock, and the thermal and pressure stress that follow. Merges P&ID, STID, datasheet, insulation-specification and inspection inputs into a traceable design basis, converts a flashed NeqSim fluid into a film coefficient, a Biot and Fourier number and a mesh and time-step target, solves the layered one-dimensional problem with a dependency-free finite-element solver verified against the closed-form resistance, generates a structured Gmsh mesh in two dimensions or swept into three (revolved pipe or vessel wall, extruded plate or block) and a runnable scikit-fem or FEniCSx case, screens which backend is defensible (scikit-fem, FEniCSx, SfePy, MFEM, OpenSeesPy, PyNite), renders the mesh and the solved field off-screen with PyVista including surface, cut-plane and clipped three-dimensional views, gates the study on discretisation, mesh independence, energy balance and boundary placement, and reduces the field to the U-value, U-multiplier, hot-spot factor and no-touch time a one-dimensional NeqSim model consumes. USE WHEN: a task needs a temperature or stress field inside a solid that a one-dimensional heat-transfer coefficient cannot produce - a local insulation defect, a support or clamp short-circuit, a buried or non-radial soil path, a nozzle or wall discontinuity, a cooldown or thermal-shock transient, diffusion through a porous medium - when a three-dimensional geometry or a rendered field is needed, or when an existing thermal or stress finite-element report must be qualified before its numbers are trusted.
NeqSim solves the fluid. It reports a bulk temperature, a pressure and a set of
transport properties, and a one-dimensional model turns those into a single
U-value per pipe section. That works until the geometry stops being
one-dimensional: a section of insulation floods, a clamp bridges the coating, a
line is buried under a sloping seabed, a nozzle interrupts a shell. The heat then
spreads in a direction the one-dimensional model does not have, and the U-value it
was given is wrong by an amount nobody can estimate by hand.
This skill closes that gap. It takes whatever is known about the component (P&ID,
STID tag register, datasheets, insulation specification, inspection report), takes
the fluid side from a NeqSim flash, builds and solves the finite-element model of
the solid, and converts the field back into the number the one-dimensional model
needed - an effective U-value, a multiplier on it, a hot-spot factor, a no-touch
time, a wall stress. When a thermal or stress finite-element study already exists,
it qualifies that study instead of running a new one.
It is the solid-side companion to neqsim-cfd-coupling: same design-basis
discipline, same quality gate before any number is quoted, same handoff back into a
one-dimensional model. CFD resolves the fluid; FEM resolves the solid.
Every layer works on its own. NeqSim, Gmsh, scikit-fem and FEniCSx are all
optional: without NeqSim the fluid state is stated directly, and without a mesher
or a solver the geometry and the case are still written, with the commands needed
to run them elsewhere.
When to Use
A one-dimensional U-value is being assumed where the geometry is not
one-dimensional: a local insulation defect or flooded section, a support or
clamp, a buried line, a valve or flange with no insulation.
A cooldown or no-touch time is needed and the wall's thermal inertia matters,
not just the fluid's.
A metal temperature is needed for a thermal-stress, MDMT or material-selection
question, and the process-to-ambient difference is not the metal gradient.
Species diffusion through a porous medium is being modelled and the molecular
diffusivity has to come from the actual mixture.
A thermal or thermo-mechanical finite-element report is attached to an equipment
tag and its numbers are about to be used.
A new finite-element run is being specified and needs film coefficients, a
penetration depth, an element size and a time step.
When Not to Use
As a substitute for a qualified stress or thermal analyst on a design decision.
This is a screening and coupling toolkit, not a code-compliance calculation.
For fatigue life, fracture mechanics, creep, plasticity, buckling or contact.
The stress layer produces elastic thermal and pressure stresses with a category
attached; it does not perform a code assessment.
For the flow field. Velocity, wall shear and flow maldistribution belong to
neqsim-cfd-coupling; this skill consumes a film coefficient, it does not
resolve the boundary layer that produces it.
To extract a number from a study that fails the quality gate.
Inputs
Stage
Input
Meaning
build_design_basis
tag, model_kind, sources
Equipment or line identifier, the model class (insulated_pipe, pipe_wall, buried_pipeline, vessel_wall, plate, nozzle, wellbore, porous_block), and one entry per source with source, reference and values
material / custom_material
material key, or a base plus overrides
Conductivity, heat capacity, modulus, expansion, allowable - with the basis recorded in source
Produces the U-value and the multiplier a NeqSim pipeline model carries
evaluate_wall_stress
material, inner and outer metal temperatures, radii, pressure
Not the process and ambient temperatures - the metal surface temperatures the model produced
Outputs
Output
Contents
FemDesignBasis
Accepted values, per-field source and confidence, conflicts, missing fields, ready_for_meshing
FilmCoefficient
Film coefficient, Reynolds, Prandtl, Nusselt, the correlation used, warnings
FemThermalConditions
Biot, lumped-capacitance verdict, thermal penetration depth, maximum element size, recommended time step, Fourier number, warnings
SteadyConductionResult
Node temperatures, per-layer interface temperatures, inner heat flux, heat flow per unit length, overall U, thermal resistance, and the deviation from the closed-form composite resistance
TransientConductionResult
Temperature history through the wall, bore-fluid history, and time_to_reach for a no-touch or cooldown time
FemMeshSpec.geo_script / generate
A structured Gmsh geometry and mesh, two-dimensional or swept into three, with a physical group per material and per face and explicit deterministic tags
FemMeshSpec.mesh_warnings
Layers with too few elements, excessive aspect ratio, elements coarser than the penetration depth
render_mesh / render_field
Off-screen PyVista PNGs: the mesh before it is solved, and the solved field as a surface, a cut plane and a clipped view
BackendRecommendation
The defensible backend with its rationale, the alternatives, and whether this skill can generate the case
FemCase.write / run
A self-contained case: inputs.json, case.py, the mesh, a README; run outcome or the command to run it elsewhere
FemResults
Degrees of freedom, element count, temperature range, per-boundary heat flow and mean temperature, transient history, energy-balance error
FemQualityResult
usable, usable_with_caution or not_usable with explicit findings
FemThermalHandoff
Overall U-value, U-multiplier against the one-dimensional model, hot-spot factor
ThermalStressResult
Thermal stress with its category, Lame pressure stresses, combined von Mises, utilisation against the right allowable, verdict
Engineering Method
Design basis by precedence. Sources are ranked measurement > mechanical_datasheet > material_certificate > insulation_specification > process_datasheet > vendor > stid > inspection_report > plant_data > pid > estimate > assumption. A lower-ranked source never overwrites a higher-ranked
one; if it disagrees by more than 2 % it raises a conflict, and any disagreement
about a non-numeric field such as a material grade is always a conflict. The model
kind determines which fields are required, so an under-specified model is reported
rather than meshed.
Fluid to boundary condition. A finite-element model consumes a film
coefficient, not a fluid. Properties come from the NeqSim phase after
initProperties(), because thermal conductivity and viscosity are otherwise zero.
The default correlation is Gnielinski with the Petukhov friction factor,
valid over a far wider Prandtl range than Dittus-Boelter, which matters because a
dense-phase gas and a glycol are on opposite sides of that range. Below
Re = 2300 the fully developed laminar value Nu = 3.66 is used and said so.
Do I even need a mesh? The Biot number over the whole conduction path,
$\mathrm{Bi} = h L / k$ with $h$ the smaller of the two surface coefficients,
decides it. Below 0.1 the solid is nearly isothermal and a lumped model answers
the question. The skill says so rather than meshing anyway.
Discretisation from the physics. For a transient, the thermal penetration
depth $\delta = \sqrt{\alpha t}$ is how far the front has moved after the time of
interest; elements coarser than $\delta/4$ cannot represent it. The time step
targets a mesh Fourier number $\alpha \Delta t / \Delta x^2$ of about 0.5 - an
implicit scheme is stable at any step, so the step is chosen to resolve the front,
not to keep the solve from diverging.
One dimension, verified. Layered walls are assembled as linear P1 elements on a
one-dimensional mesh with every layer interface on a node, in cylindrical or planar
coordinates, with Robin conditions on both surfaces. Temperature-dependent
conductivity is handled by Picard sweeps on the layer mean temperature. The steady
result is checked against the closed-form composite resistance
$$R' = \frac{1}{h_i 2\pi r_i}
\sum_j \frac{\ln(r_{j+1}/r_j)}{2\pi k_j}
\frac{1}{h_o 2\pi r_o}$$
and the deviation is reported. That check is the reason to start in one dimension:
a two-dimensional field cannot be verified this way, so if the one-dimensional
answer is not understood first, nothing downstream is.
Cooldown. Holding the bore fluid at a fixed bulk temperature models a thermal
shock, not a cooldown - a shut-in line has no source keeping it warm. Supplying
inner_fluid_capacity = $\rho c_p A_\text{bore}$ adds the inventory as one lumped
node coupled to the wall through the inner film, and the system stays tridiagonal.
NeqSim supplies the density and heat capacity of the shut-in fluid and the hydrate
or wax temperature the cooldown is measured against.
Mesh. Layered geometry wants a structured tensor grid, one block per (axial
segment, through-thickness layer), because an unstructured mesh dropped over a
12 mm wall next to 50 mm of insulation puts one element across the wall - and the
wall gradient is what sets the thermal stress. Interfaces sit on element
boundaries, physical groups carry the material assignment and the faces, and the
group ids are written explicitly so a name-based reader (meshio, scikit-fem) and a
tag-based reader (dolfinx) see the same partition. A local defect is represented by
overriding a segment's material - water-flooded insulation conducts like seawater,
which is what actually happens.
Backend screening. Python has no single dominant finite-element package, so
the choice is stated rather than defaulted:
Verdict
When
Generated
built-in RadialConductionModel
One-dimensional layered conduction or diffusion
Yes - and it is the only one that can be checked against a closed form
scikit-fem
Two-dimensional linear scalar problems; pure NumPy and SciPy, installs anywhere including Colab
Yes
fenicsx
Coupled, nonlinear or thermo-mechanical; three-dimensional continuum
Yes
sfepy
General multiphysics with built-in terms
No - set up by hand
mfem
Very large or high-order solves, parallel and GPU
No - set up by hand
openseespy
Nonlinear or dynamic structural frames
No - set up by hand
pynite
Linear beams, frames and plates
No - set up by hand
Case as data.inputs.json holds the mesh reference, the per-material
properties and the boundary conditions; case.py is a fixed script that reads it.
The same inputs.json drives the scikit-fem and the FEniCSx script, so a model is
promoted from the light backend to the heavy one without being rebuilt.
Three dimensions, and when not to use them.revolve_deg sweeps the r-z
section about the axis into a pipe or vessel wall; extrude_m sweeps a plane
section or a block out of plane. Gmsh returns a sweep in a fixed order - end
surface, volume, then one lateral face per curve of the loop - and the loop is
written as (inner, east, outer, west), so the volumes and the six faces are tagged
without any geometric search and the same physical names carry through. A partial
revolve adds symmetry_start and symmetry_end, which are cut planes and take an
adiabatic condition. ConductionProblem.from_mesh_spec switches the axisymmetric
weighting off for a swept mesh, because a revolved model already contains the
circumference and weighting it again counts it twice.
Do not revolve by default. An axisymmetric problem on a revolved mesh costs an
order of magnitude more and returns the same answer as the r-z section. The
reasons to go to three dimensions are a genuinely circumferential feature - a
support, a nozzle, a weld that does not run all the way round, a partial-thickness
defect - and presentation.
Rendering.render_field reads whatever field file the case recorded
(field.vtu from scikit-fem, field.xdmf from FEniCSx) and produces off-screen
PNGs. A two-dimensional mesh gets one surface view; a three-dimensional mesh gets
the surface, a cut plane and a clipped view, because the outside of a solid says
almost nothing about the gradient inside it. The camera defaults to the plane of
the two largest extents - an isometric view of a 3.5 mm wall on a 1 m tube wastes
the frame - and scale stretches the thin direction so the layers are legible.
Both are presentation devices and are labelled as such in the returned message. A
picture is not evidence: render after the quality gate, not instead of it.
Quality gate. Four things decide whether a finite-element number means anything.
Check
Requirement
Discretisation
At least three linear (or two quadratic) elements across the layer that controls the answer, and an aspect ratio below about 20
Mesh independence
At least two mesh levels, with the quantity of interest moving less than about 2 % on refinement. Refinement is cheap for conduction
Energy balance
Boundary heat flows must sum to a small fraction of a percent. A larger residual usually means a missing boundary condition or an unassigned material group
Boundary placement
A far-field boundary must sit at least three penetration depths away, or it becomes an input to the answer
For a transient, the mesh Fourier number and the number of time steps are checked
too: an implicit scheme stays stable while smearing the front, which flatters a
cooldown time and understates a thermal shock.
Handoff. The field is reduced to what a one-dimensional model consumes. The
overall U-value follows from the boundary heat flow and the reference area, and the
U-multiplier - the ratio of the finite-element heat flow to the
one-dimensional heat flow over the same length - is the number a NeqSim pipeline or
cooldown model carries. It is what transports a local defect, a support
short-circuit or a non-radial soil path into a model that cannot represent them.
Stress category. Pressure stress is primary: it does not relax, and exceeding
the allowable means the wall fails. Restrained-expansion and through-wall-gradient
stresses are secondary and self-limiting, so they are assessed against a range
allowable of order $3S$ and against fatigue, not against the primary membrane
allowable. Thermal stresses used here are
with the Lame thick-wall pressure solution superposed. Comparing a thermal stress
with a primary allowable is the most common way to condemn a wall that is
acceptable - or to pass one that will crack in cyclic service.
Two dimensions, when the geometry stops being radial
from fem_coupling import (
BoundaryCondition, ConductionProblem, FemCase, FemCouplingModel, FemMeshSpec,
MaterialAssignment, MeshLayer, MeshSegment, read_case_results, recommend_backend,
)
print(recommend_backend(dimension=2, physics="conduction").rationale)
spec = FemMeshSpec(
kind="axisymmetric_section",
inner_radius_m=0.127,
layers=[MeshLayer("steel", "carbon-steel", 0.0127, 6),
MeshLayer("insulation", "insulation", 0.05, 20)],
segments=[MeshSegment("upstream", 1.5, 60),
# A flooded section: the pores fill, so it conducts like seawater.
MeshSegment("defect", 0.4, 32, {"insulation": "flooded-insulation"}),
MeshSegment("downstream", 1.5, 60)],
name="20-P-001",
)
for warning in spec.mesh_warnings(max_element_size_m=conditions.max_element_size_m):
print(warning)
mesh = spec.generate("cases/20-P-001/mesh") # "not_executed" without Gmsh
problem = ConductionProblem.from_mesh_spec(
spec, name="20-P-001 defect", mesh_file=str(mesh.mesh_path),
materials=[MaterialAssignment("carbon-steel", 45.0, 7850 * 490),
MaterialAssignment("insulation", 0.17, 700 * 1500),
MaterialAssignment("flooded-insulation", 0.60, 1025 * 3900)],
boundaries=[BoundaryCondition("inner", "robin", film.h_w_per_m2k, 45.0),
BoundaryCondition("outer", "robin", 300.0, 4.0),
BoundaryCondition("west", "adiabatic"),
BoundaryCondition("east", "adiabatic")],
)
case = FemCase(problem, backend="scikit-fem")
case.write("cases/20-P-001")
case.run("cases/20-P-001") # "not_executed" without scikit-fem
results = read_case_results("cases/20-P-001")
model = FemCouplingModel()
gate = model.assess_quality(
element_order=1, elements_across_critical_layer=20, mesh_levels=2,
convergence_percent=0.3, max_aspect_ratio=spec.max_aspect_ratio(),
energy_balance_error_percent=results.energy_balance_error_percent,
biot=conditions.biot,
)
if gate.verdict != "not_usable":
handoff = model.evaluate_thermal_handoff(
location="20-P-001 defect section",
heat_flow_w=results.boundary_heat_flow_w["inner"],
reference_area_m2=3.1416 * 0.254 * spec.total_length_m,
inner_bulk_temperature_c=45.0, outer_bulk_temperature_c=4.0,
one_dimensional_heat_flow_w=steady.heat_flow_per_length_w_per_m
* spec.total_length_m,
)
print(handoff.u_multiplier) # what the NeqSim pipeline model should carry
Cooldown and no-touch time
from math import pi
from neqsim.thermo import hydt
hydrate_c = float(hydt(wet_gas)) - 273.15
inventory = wet_gas.getDensity("kg/m3") * wet_gas.getCp("J/kgK") * pi * 0.127**2
cooldown = wall.solve_transient(
initial_temperature_c=steady.temperatures_c, # the shutdown profile, not a uniform one
duration_s=48 * 3600.0, time_step_s=120.0,
inner_film_coefficient_w_per_m2k=50.0, # natural convection after shutdown
inner_bulk_temperature_c=45.0,
outer_film_coefficient_w_per_m2k=300.0, outer_bulk_temperature_c=4.0,
inner_fluid_capacity=inventory, # makes it a cooldown, not a shock
)
no_touch_s = cooldown.time_to_reach(hydrate_c, location="inner_fluid")
from fem_coupling import render_field, render_mesh
# The same layered section, revolved into a 90 degree wedge with two symmetry planes.
solid = FemMeshSpec(
kind="axisymmetric_section", inner_radius_m=0.127,
layers=[MeshLayer("steel", "carbon-steel", 0.0127, 6),
MeshLayer("insulation", "insulation", 0.05, 20)],
segments=[MeshSegment("upstream", 1.5, 60),
MeshSegment("defect", 0.4, 32, {"insulation": "flooded-insulation"}),
MeshSegment("downstream", 1.5, 60)],
revolve_deg=90.0, circumferential_cells=12, name="20-P-001-3d",
)
mesh = solid.generate("cases/20-P-001-3d/mesh")
render_mesh(mesh.mesh_path) # look at the geometry before solving it
# The cut planes are symmetry planes, not real boundaries.
boundaries += [BoundaryCondition("symmetry_start", "adiabatic"),
BoundaryCondition("symmetry_end", "adiabatic")]
# ... write and run the case as above, then:
view = render_field(
"cases/20-P-001-3d",
scale=(1.0, 8.0, 8.0), # a 12.7 mm wall on a 3.4 m tube needs stretching to be read
)
print(view.status, view.images) # field_surface.png, field_slice.png, field_clip.png
Validation Checklist
basis.ready_for_meshing is true, or every missing field and conflict is
resolved and recorded.
initProperties() ran before properties were read; density, viscosity,
thermal conductivity and heat capacity are non-zero and physical.
Material properties come from a data sheet or a certificate where one
exists; a library value is marked as indicative in the assumptions register.
The Biot number is above 0.1, or the lumped-model warning has been accepted.
The one-dimensional steady result was computed first, and
analytic_deviation_percent is below 1 %.
Every layer carries at least three linear (or two quadratic) elements.
mesh_warnings() is empty, or each warning has been accepted with a reason.
The element size is no coarser than a quarter of the thermal penetration
depth for the transient window of interest.
At least two mesh levels were run, and the quantity of interest moved less
than about 2 %.
The boundary energy balance closes to better than 1 %.
A far-field boundary sits at least three penetration depths away.
A cooldown model carries inner_fluid_capacity; a fixed bulk temperature is
a thermal-shock model, not a cooldown.
Thermal stress was computed from the metal surface temperatures, not from
the process-to-ambient difference.
Thermal stress was assessed against a range allowable, and pressure stress
separately against the primary membrane allowable.
A three-dimensional sweep was justified by a circumferential feature or by
presentation, not chosen by default over the r-z section.
The cut planes of a partial sweep carry an adiabatic condition, and the
axisymmetric weighting is off for a swept mesh.
Any exaggerated scale or warp in a rendered figure is stated in its caption.
The quality-gate verdict and all findings are carried into the receiving
report's assumptions register.
Common Mistakes
Mistake
Why it matters
Reading properties without initProperties()
Thermal conductivity and viscosity come back as zero, so the film coefficient is meaningless
Using the process-to-ambient temperature difference as the metal gradient
On a well-insulated line almost all of the drop falls across the insulation; the steel gradient can be a hundredth of it, and so is the thermal stress
Meshing a problem with a Biot number below 0.1
The solid is nearly isothermal; a lumped model answers it in one line
An unstructured mesh over a layered wall
One element across a 12 mm wall next to forty across the insulation; the wall gradient that drives the stress is unrepresented
One mesh reported as a converged solution
Differences in cell count between load cases are not a convergence study. Refinement is cheap for conduction
An unreported energy balance
For conduction it should close to a fraction of a percent, so an unreported balance usually means it was never checked
A far-field boundary placed for convenience
Inside three penetration depths the boundary condition becomes an input to the answer
A fixed bore temperature used for a cooldown
It models a thermal shock. A shut-in line has no source keeping the fluid warm
The forced-convection film coefficient reused after shutdown
Forced convection stops; what remains is natural convection, one to two orders of magnitude lower
A large implicit time step because the scheme is stable
Stability is not accuracy. A smeared front flatters a cooldown time and understates a thermal shock
Thermal stress compared with a primary membrane allowable
It is secondary and self-limiting; the comparison condemns acceptable walls and passes ones that will crack in cyclic service
A library material value used as if it were certified
Insulation conductivity in particular varies by a factor of two between products and with water ingress
Perfect thermal contact assumed between layers
Air gaps, delamination and water ingress at an interface can dominate the whole build-up
A two-dimensional result quoted without the one-dimensional check
The one-dimensional answer can be verified against a closed form; the two-dimensional one cannot
A three-dimensional sweep used for an axisymmetric problem
An order of magnitude more cost for the same answer the r-z section already gave
The axisymmetric weighting left on for a swept mesh
A revolved model already contains the circumference; weighting it again counts it twice
A rendered figure at exaggerated scale presented without saying so
A stretched wall and a warped surface are presentation devices, not geometry
Limitations
Linear heat conduction and species diffusion are what this skill solves, with
temperature-dependent conductivity handled by Picard iteration. Radiation,
convection inside the solid domain, phase change, latent heat, freezing, curing and
moisture transport are outside scope. The built-in solver is one-dimensional
cylindrical or planar; two-dimensional axisymmetric and plane geometry, and the
three-dimensional solids swept from them, are delegated to scikit-fem or FEniCSx.
The structured mesh generator produces layered sections and their sweeps only - a
geometry that is not a swept layered section (a branch, a nozzle intersection, a
saddle) needs an externally generated mesh, which both backends accept. A local
defect is expressed as a material change over a segment, not as a change of
thickness. The stress layer is linear elastic and produces membrane and gradient
stresses with a category attached; it does not perform a code assessment, a fatigue
evaluation or a local stress-concentration analysis, and geometry discontinuities
such as nozzles, supports and welds need a local model. The thermal and mechanical
problems are solved one way - a temperature field produces a stress, and the
deformation does not feed back into the thermal problem. Rendering is a
presentation layer with no bearing on validity: the quality gate is a screening
filter, not a verification-and-validation review, a usable_with_caution verdict
means any derived factor must carry an explicit uncertainty band, and a converged
solve of the wrong boundary condition passes every one of its checks and still
renders beautifully. Human review by a qualified thermal or stress analyst is
required before a finite-element-derived number is used in a design decision. The
generated scikit-fem script targets scikit-fem 8 and later, the FEniCSx script
targets DOLFINx 0.8 and later, and rendering targets PyVista 0.43 and later.
Related NeqSim Functionality
neqsim.thermodynamicoperations.ThermodynamicOperations#TPflash() and
neqsim.thermo.system.SystemInterface#initProperties() - the flash and the
property initialisation that supply density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and
heat capacity. Reached from Python as from neqsim.thermo import TPflash, fluid,
or as from neqsim import jneqsim for the full Java API.
neqsim.thermo.phase.PhaseInterface#getThermalConductivity, #getCp,
#getDensity, #getViscosity - the per-phase accessors read by
fluid_state_from_neqsim.
neqsim.physicalproperties.PhysicalPropertyHandler diffusion-coefficient models
(for example Fuller-Schettler-Giddings) - the molecular diffusivities read for
a species-transport model and scaled to an effective porous-medium value.
neqsim.thermodynamicoperations.ThermodynamicOperations#hydrateFormationTemperature()
(Python from neqsim.thermo import hydt) - the target a cooldown no-touch time
is measured against.
neqsim.process.equipment.pipeline.PipeBeggsAndBrills and
neqsim.process.equipment.pipeline.AdiabaticTwoPhasePipe - the one-dimensional
models whose U-value the finite-element multiplier corrects.
neqsim.pvtsimulation.flowassurance.SurfCooldownAnalyzer - the flow-assurance
cooldown model this skill supplies an effective U-value and a wall thermal
inertia to.
This skill does not run any NeqSim calculation itself. It reads a fluid state
from a system NeqSim has already flashed, and hands U-values, multipliers and
no-touch times back to NeqSim-based models.
Related Skills
neqsim-cfd-coupling - the fluid-side companion. It resolves the boundary layer
and produces the wall shear and the local velocity field; this skill consumes the
film coefficient that follows and resolves the solid. The two share the same
design-basis discipline and the same gate-before-quoting rule.
neqsim-surf-cooldown-screening - consumes the no-touch time and the effective
U-value from the transient model.
neqsim-hydrate-margin-check, neqsim-wax-margin-check - supply the target
temperature a cooldown is measured against.
neqsim-pipe-wall-thickness-screening, neqsim-piping-flexibility-screening -
the screening-level stress checks this skill refines with a real metal
temperature gradient.
neqsim-flow-accelerated-corrosion - consumes the metal surface temperature,
which sets the film temperature that drives the corrosion rate.
neqsim-technical-document-reading, neqsim-pid-process-operations - supply the
P&ID topology, insulation specification and datasheet values that feed the design
basis.
References
Gnielinski, V. (1976). New equations for heat and mass transfer in turbulent pipe
and channel flow. International Chemical Engineering, 16(2), 359-368.
Incropera, F. P., & DeWitt, D. P. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley
composite-cylinder resistance, Biot and Fourier numbers, lumped capacitance.
Zienkiewicz, O. C., Taylor, R. L., & Zhu, J. Z. (2013). The Finite Element
Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals, 7th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann.
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