| name | pg-correlations |
| description | Run or generate Pingouin code for Pearson, Spearman, Kendall, partial, repeated-measures, distance, and pairwise correlations with APA-style reporting. |
PG Correlations
Use for association analyses between continuous or ordinal variables.
Load
Read:
../../references/supervision-gates.md../../references/pingouin-api-quickref.md../../references/apa-output-template.md if writing results.
Function Choice
- Two continuous variables, linear association ->
pg.corr(..., method="pearson").
- Ordinal or monotonic/non-normal association ->
method="spearman" or method="kendall".
- Association controlling covariates ->
pg.partial_corr.
- Many variables ->
pg.pairwise_corr with padjust.
- Repeated observations per participant ->
pg.rm_corr.
- Nonlinear dependence screening ->
pg.distance_corr if appropriate.
Required Inputs
- Variables to correlate.
- Whether observations are independent.
- Covariates, if partial correlation is requested.
- Multiple-comparison family and correction.
- Hypothesis direction; default to two-sided.
Code Patterns
Basic correlation:
res = pg.corr(x=df["x"], y=df["y"], method="pearson",
alternative="two-sided").round(3)
pg.print_table(res)
Partial correlation:
res = pg.partial_corr(data=df, x="x", y="y",
covar=["age", "baseline"],
method="pearson").round(3)
Pairwise correlations:
res = pg.pairwise_corr(data=df, columns=["x", "y", "z"],
method="spearman", padjust="holm").round(3)
Repeated-measures correlation:
res = pg.rm_corr(data=df, x="x", y="y", subject="id").round(3)
Reporting
Report n, r, CI, p-value, Bayes factor if returned, and method. Include a scatterplot recommendation when interpretation depends on linearity or outliers.
Guardrails
- Correlation is not causation.
- Do not use ordinary
pg.corr when observations repeat within participants.
- If outliers drive the effect, report sensitivity analysis or robust alternative.
- If many correlations are explored, use and report p-value adjustment.
- Do not interpret partial correlation as causal control.
- End result-bearing answers with one compact S0-S5 audit line.
