schema-markup

name	schema-markup
version	1.0
description	ACTIVATE when the user asks for Schema.org structured data (JSON-LD) to earn rich results — FAQ, Product, Article, Breadcrumb, Organization, HowTo, Review, LocalBusiness, Event, Recipe. Trigger phrases: 'schema markup', 'structured data', 'JSON-LD', 'rich snippets', 'rich results', 'FAQ schema', 'product schema', 'article schema'. For technical SEO diagnostics, see seo-audit.

Schema Markup Generator Skill

You are an expert in Schema.org structured data and Google's rich results requirements. Generate valid, complete JSON-LD markup that maximizes eligibility for Google rich results.

Supported Schema Types

This skill supports the following schema types. When the user asks for schema, determine which type(s) are appropriate based on the page content.

1. Article / BlogPosting / NewsArticle

Use for: Blog posts, news articles, editorial content Rich result: Article carousel, headline in search

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Article",
  "headline": "Your Article Title (max 110 characters)",
  "description": "Brief description of the article (max 160 characters)",
  "image": [
    "https://example.com/image-16x9.jpg",
    "https://example.com/image-4x3.jpg",
    "https://example.com/image-1x1.jpg"
  ],
  "datePublished": "2025-01-15T08:00:00+00:00",
  "dateModified": "2025-01-20T10:30:00+00:00",
  "author": [{
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Author Name",
    "url": "https://example.com/author/name",
    "jobTitle": "Senior Editor",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://twitter.com/authorhandle",
      "https://linkedin.com/in/authorname"
    ]
  }],
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Publisher Name",
    "logo": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/logo.png",
      "width": 600,
      "height": 60
    }
  },
  "mainEntityOfPage": {
    "@type": "WebPage",
    "@id": "https://example.com/article-url"
  },
  "wordCount": 2500,
  "articleSection": "Technology",
  "keywords": ["keyword1", "keyword2", "keyword3"],
  "isAccessibleForFree": true
}

Google requirements:

• headline is required (max 110 characters)
• image is required (provide 3 aspect ratios: 16:9, 4:3, 1:1; each > 696px wide)
• datePublished is required (ISO 8601 format)
• author.name is required
• For NewsArticle, also add dateline if applicable
• For BlogPosting, @type changes to "BlogPosting"

---

2. Product

Use for: Product pages, e-commerce listings Rich result: Product snippet with price, availability, reviews

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Product Name",
  "description": "Product description",
  "image": [
    "https://example.com/product-1.jpg",
    "https://example.com/product-2.jpg"
  ],
  "sku": "SKU-12345",
  "mpn": "MPN-67890",
  "gtin13": "0123456789012",
  "brand": {
    "@type": "Brand",
    "name": "Brand Name"
  },
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "url": "https://example.com/product",
    "priceCurrency": "USD",
    "price": "99.99",
    "priceValidUntil": "2025-12-31",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
    "seller": {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "name": "Seller Name"
    },
    "shippingDetails": {
      "@type": "OfferShippingDetails",
      "shippingRate": {
        "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
        "value": "0",
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "deliveryTime": {
        "@type": "ShippingDeliveryTime",
        "handlingTime": {
          "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
          "minValue": 0,
          "maxValue": 1,
          "unitCode": "DAY"
        },
        "transitTime": {
          "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
          "minValue": 1,
          "maxValue": 5,
          "unitCode": "DAY"
        }
      },
      "shippingDestination": {
        "@type": "DefinedRegion",
        "addressCountry": "US"
      }
    },
    "hasMerchantReturnPolicy": {
      "@type": "MerchantReturnPolicy",
      "applicableCountry": "US",
      "returnPolicyCategory": "https://schema.org/MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow",
      "merchantReturnDays": 30,
      "returnMethod": "https://schema.org/ReturnByMail",
      "returnFees": "https://schema.org/FreeReturn"
    }
  },
  "aggregateRating": {
    "@type": "AggregateRating",
    "ratingValue": "4.5",
    "bestRating": "5",
    "ratingCount": "142"
  },
  "review": [{
    "@type": "Review",
    "author": {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "Reviewer Name"
    },
    "datePublished": "2025-01-10",
    "reviewBody": "Review text here",
    "reviewRating": {
      "@type": "Rating",
      "ratingValue": "5",
      "bestRating": "5"
    }
  }]
}

Google requirements:

• name is required
• offers, review, or aggregateRating - at least one required
• offers.price and offers.priceCurrency required if offers present
• offers.availability must use Schema.org enum values
• As of 2024, shippingDetails and hasMerchantReturnPolicy are recommended for merchant listings

---

3. FAQPage

Use for: FAQ sections, Q&A pages Rich result: Expandable FAQ in search results

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "FAQPage",
  "mainEntity": [
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "What is the first question?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "<p>The answer with <strong>HTML formatting</strong> allowed. You can include <a href=\"https://example.com\">links</a>.</p>"
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "What is the second question?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "Plain text answers also work."
      }
    }
  ]
}

Google requirements:

• Each Question must have exactly one acceptedAnswer
• Answer text can include HTML: <h2> through <h6>, <br>, <ol>, <ul>, <li>, <a>, <p>, <b>, <strong>, <i>, <em>
• Must be visible on the page (not hidden behind tabs/accordions without proper implementation)
• Google may show up to 3 FAQ rich results per page
• Do not use for advertising purposes

---

4. HowTo

Use for: Tutorial pages, step-by-step guides, DIY instructions Rich result: Step-by-step display in search results

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "HowTo",
  "name": "How to Do Something",
  "description": "Brief description of the task",
  "image": {
    "@type": "ImageObject",
    "url": "https://example.com/howto-main.jpg",
    "height": "406",
    "width": "305"
  },
  "totalTime": "PT30M",
  "estimatedCost": {
    "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
    "currency": "USD",
    "value": "20"
  },
  "supply": [
    {
      "@type": "HowToSupply",
      "name": "Supply item 1"
    },
    {
      "@type": "HowToSupply",
      "name": "Supply item 2"
    }
  ],
  "tool": [
    {
      "@type": "HowToTool",
      "name": "Tool 1"
    }
  ],
  "step": [
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Step 1 Title",
      "text": "Detailed instructions for step 1.",
      "url": "https://example.com/howto#step1",
      "image": "https://example.com/step1.jpg"
    },
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Step 2 Title",
      "text": "Detailed instructions for step 2.",
      "url": "https://example.com/howto#step2",
      "image": "https://example.com/step2.jpg"
    }
  ]
}

Google requirements:

• name is required
• step array is required with at least one step
• Each step needs either text or itemListElement with HowToDirection/HowToTip
• totalTime uses ISO 8601 duration format (PT1H30M = 1 hour 30 minutes)
• Do not use HowTo for recipes (use Recipe schema instead)

---

5. Organization

Use for: Homepage, about page, company information Rich result: Knowledge panel, logo in search

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Organization",
  "name": "Company Name",
  "alternateName": "Company Abbreviation",
  "url": "https://example.com",
  "logo": {
    "@type": "ImageObject",
    "url": "https://example.com/logo.png",
    "width": 512,
    "height": 512
  },
  "description": "Company description",
  "foundingDate": "2020-01-01",
  "founder": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Founder Name"
  },
  "address": {
    "@type": "PostalAddress",
    "streetAddress": "123 Main St",
    "addressLocality": "San Francisco",
    "addressRegion": "CA",
    "postalCode": "94102",
    "addressCountry": "US"
  },
  "contactPoint": [{
    "@type": "ContactPoint",
    "telephone": "[phone]",
    "contactType": "customer service",
    "areaServed": "US",
    "availableLanguage": "English"
  }],
  "sameAs": [
    "https://twitter.com/company",
    "https://linkedin.com/company/company",
    "https://facebook.com/company",
    "https://github.com/company"
  ],
  "numberOfEmployees": {
    "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
    "minValue": 10,
    "maxValue": 50
  }
}

---

6. LocalBusiness

Use for: Local business pages, Google Business Profile support Rich result: Local business panel, map results

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "LocalBusiness",
  "@id": "https://example.com/#business",
  "name": "Business Name",
  "description": "Business description",
  "url": "https://example.com",
  "telephone": "[phone]",
  "email": "[e-mail]",
  "image": "https://example.com/storefront.jpg",
  "logo": "https://example.com/logo.png",
  "priceRange": "$$",
  "address": {
    "@type": "PostalAddress",
    "streetAddress": "123 Main St",
    "addressLocality": "San Francisco",
    "addressRegion": "CA",
    "postalCode": "94102",
    "addressCountry": "US"
  },
  "geo": {
    "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
    "latitude": "37.7749",
    "longitude": "-122.4194"
  },
  "openingHoursSpecification": [
    {
      "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification",
      "dayOfWeek": ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday"],
      "opens": "09:00",
      "closes": "17:00"
    },
    {
      "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification",
      "dayOfWeek": "Saturday",
      "opens": "10:00",
      "closes": "14:00"
    }
  ],
  "aggregateRating": {
    "@type": "AggregateRating",
    "ratingValue": "4.7",
    "bestRating": "5",
    "ratingCount": "312"
  },
  "areaServed": {
    "@type": "City",
    "name": "San Francisco"
  },
  "hasMap": "https://maps.google.com/?cid=123456789"
}

Google requirements:

• name, address are required
• Use specific subtypes when possible: Restaurant, Dentist, LegalService, RealEstateAgent, etc.
• geo coordinates should be accurate to the business location
• openingHoursSpecification must reflect actual business hours

---

7. BreadcrumbList

Use for: Any page with breadcrumb navigation Rich result: Breadcrumb trail in search results

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
  "itemListElement": [
    {
      "@type": "ListItem",
      "position": 1,
      "name": "Home",
      "item": "https://example.com"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ListItem",
      "position": 2,
      "name": "Category",
      "item": "https://example.com/category"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ListItem",
      "position": 3,
      "name": "Current Page Title"
    }
  ]
}

Google requirements:

• position must be sequential starting at 1
• Last item should not have item (it's the current page)
• Must match the visible breadcrumb on the page

---

8. Review / AggregateRating

Use for: Review pages, product reviews, service reviews Rich result: Star rating in search results

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Review",
  "name": "Review Title",
  "reviewBody": "Full review text...",
  "datePublished": "2025-01-15",
  "author": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Reviewer Name"
  },
  "itemReviewed": {
    "@type": "Product",
    "name": "Product Being Reviewed",
    "image": "https://example.com/product.jpg"
  },
  "reviewRating": {
    "@type": "Rating",
    "ratingValue": "4",
    "bestRating": "5",
    "worstRating": "1"
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Review Site Name"
  }
}

Google requirements:

• author is required (must be a valid Person or Organization)
• itemReviewed is required
• reviewRating is recommended
• Self-serving reviews (reviewing your own product) are against guidelines

Multi-Schema Pages

Most pages need multiple schema types. Combine them using @graph:

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "@id": "https://example.com/#organization",
      "name": "Company Name",
      "url": "https://example.com",
      "logo": "https://example.com/logo.png"
    },
    {
      "@type": "WebSite",
      "@id": "https://example.com/#website",
      "url": "https://example.com",
      "name": "Site Name",
      "publisher": { "@id": "https://example.com/#organization" }
    },
    {
      "@type": "WebPage",
      "@id": "https://example.com/page/#webpage",
      "url": "https://example.com/page/",
      "name": "Page Title",
      "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://example.com/#website" }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Article",
      "mainEntityOfPage": { "@id": "https://example.com/page/#webpage" },
      "headline": "Article Title",
      "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Author" },
      "publisher": { "@id": "https://example.com/#organization" },
      "datePublished": "2025-01-15"
    },
    {
      "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
      "itemListElement": [
        { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://example.com" },
        { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Blog", "item": "https://example.com/blog" },
        { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Article Title" }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Generation Process

When the user asks for schema markup:

1. Determine page type - Ask what kind of page this is for (or infer from context)
2. Gather information - Ask for or collect the required fields. If the user provides a URL, fetch it to extract data.
3. Select schema types - Choose all applicable schemas (most pages need 2-4 types)
4. Generate JSON-LD - Create complete, valid markup
5. Validate - Check against Google's requirements for each type
6. Provide implementation instructions - Tell the user exactly where to place it

Implementation Instructions

For Next.js App Router:

// In your page component or layout
export default function Page() {
  const jsonLd = {/* generated schema */};

  return (
    <>
      <script
        type="application/ld+json"
        dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }}
      />
      {/* page content */}
    </>
  );
}

For Next.js with next/head (Pages Router):

import Head from 'next/head';

export default function Page() {
  const jsonLd = {/* generated schema */};

  return (
    <>
      <Head>
        <script
          type="application/ld+json"
          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }}
        />
      </Head>
      {/* page content */}
    </>
  );
}

For plain HTML:

<head>
  <script type="application/ld+json">
  {/* generated schema */}
  </script>
</head>

Validation

After generating the markup, remind the user to validate using:

1. Google Rich Results Test: https://search.google.com/test/rich-results
2. Schema.org Validator: https://validator.schema.org/

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Do not add schema for content that is not visible on the page
• Do not use Review schema for self-serving reviews of your own business
• Do not markup content behind a paywall as isAccessibleForFree: true
• Do not use fake or placeholder data in production schema
• Do not add AggregateRating without actual user reviews
• Always use absolute URLs, never relative
• Always use ISO 8601 date format
• priceValidUntil must be a future date
• availability must use full Schema.org URL (e.g., https://schema.org/InStock)
• Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable