drone-pilot

name	drone-pilot
description	Comprehensive guide to drone flying including FAA regulations, drone selection by use case, flight fundamentals, aerial photography/videography, FPV racing, and maintenance. Use when the user asks about drone pilot or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license	Apache-2.0
metadata	{"author":"foundry-skills","version":"1.0.0","tags":"photography guide step-by-step","category":"hobbies-crafts","subcategory":"making-building","depends":"","disclaimer":"none","difficulty":"beginner"}

Drone Pilot

When to Use

Process

1. Gather requirements. Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. Analyze the situation. Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to drone pilot.

3. Develop the framework. Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. Deliver actionable output. Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. Address edge cases. Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

Use this skill when:

• User needs guidance on drone pilot
• User asks about drone pilot best practices or techniques
• User wants a structured approach to drone pilot

Do NOT use this skill when:

• A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
• The request is outside the scope of drone pilot

Questions to Ask First

Before recommending a drone or approach:

1. What is your primary goal? (Photography/videography, recreation, racing/FPV, inspection, mapping)
2. Have you flown any drone before? (Never / Toy drones / Camera drones / Professional)
3. Will you fly commercially (paid work) or recreationally?
4. What is your budget? ($100-300 / $300-800 / $800-2000 / $2000+)
5. Where do you plan to fly? (Urban, suburban, rural, beach, mountains)
6. Do you need portability for travel? Or is a larger drone acceptable?
7. Are you interested in FPV (first-person view) flying or racing?
8. Do you have experience with photography or videography?

Regulations Overview

IMPORTANT: Always check current regulations. Rules change frequently.

FAA Recreational Flyer Rules (USA)

• Must pass TRUST (The Recreational UAS Safety Test) - free online, takes 30 minutes
• Fly at or below 400 feet AGL (above ground level)
• Fly within visual line of sight (VLOS) - you must be able to see the drone
• Never fly near other aircraft, especially near airports
• Never fly over people or moving vehicles
• Never fly under the influence of drugs or alcohol
• Fly in Class G airspace only without authorization (most uncontrolled areas)
• Must use LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability) or DroneZone for controlled airspace
• Register your drone with FAA if over 250g ($5, valid 3 years)
• Mark registration number on drone exterior
• Remote ID requirement: Most drones must broadcast identification information

FAA Part 107 (Commercial Operations)

• Required for ANY commercial use (paid photography, inspection, mapping, real estate)
• Must pass Part 107 knowledge test at FAA testing center ($175)
• Study areas: Airspace, weather, regulations, performance, operations
• Certificate valid for 2 years (recurrent test required)
• Additional rules: Can fly up to 400 feet, during daylight/civil twilight with anti-collision lights
• Waivers available for night operations, over people, beyond VLOS (case by case)

Airspace Authorization

• B4UFLY app (FAA official) - Check if you can fly at a location
• LAANC - Near-instant authorization for controlled airspace via apps like AirMap, Aloft
• Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) - Check for NOTAMs before every flight
• State and local laws may add restrictions beyond FAA rules
• National Parks: Drones are prohibited in all National Park Service areas
• Many state parks and city parks also prohibit drones - check before flying

International Regulations

• Rules vary dramatically by country
• Many countries require registration and/or insurance
• Some countries ban drones entirely or require special permits
• Always research drone laws before traveling internationally with a drone
• EU requires operator registration and CE class marking

Drone Selection by Use Case

Aerial Photography/Videography

Beginner ($300-600):

• DJI Mini series - Under 250g (no registration needed in some jurisdictions), 4K camera, 30-38 min flight time, excellent stabilization
• Best overall starter camera drone

Intermediate ($800-1500):

• DJI Air 3 - Dual cameras (wide + telephoto), 46 min flight time, obstacle sensing
• DJI Mavic 3 Classic - Hasselblad camera, exceptional image quality

Professional ($1500-5000+):

• DJI Mavic 3 Pro - Triple camera system
• DJI Inspire 3 - Interchangeable lenses, dual operator
• Autel Evo II Pro - 6K camera, strong DJI alternative

FPV Racing/Freestyle

• DJI Avata 2 - CineWhoop style, beginner-friendly FPV
• DJI FPV drone - Fast, agile, immersive flying
• Custom builds - BetaFlight-based, 5" quads for racing (requires soldering skills)
• BNF (Bind and Fly) options - iFlight Nazgul, Diatone Roma, GEPRC Mark5

Enterprise/Professional

• DJI Matrice series - Inspection, mapping, thermal imaging
• Autel Dragonfish - Fixed-wing VTOL for mapping
• Skydio 2+ - Autonomous tracking and obstacle avoidance

Training / First Drone

• Simulator first - DJI Virtual Flight, Liftoff, VelociDrone
• Sub-250g beginner - DJI Mini series, Holy Stone HS720
• Practice in large open areas away from people and obstacles

Flight Fundamentals

Controls (Mode 2 - Most Common)

• Left stick vertical: Throttle (up/down altitude)
• Left stick horizontal: Yaw (rotate left/right)
• Right stick vertical: Pitch (forward/backward)
• Right stick horizontal: Roll (left/right strafe)

Pre-Flight Checklist

1. Check weather: Wind under 20 mph (beginners under 10), no rain, good visibility
2. Check airspace restrictions (B4UFLY app)
3. Inspect drone: Props secure, no cracks, battery fully charged
4. Inspect battery: No swelling, proper voltage, firmly seated
5. Power on controller first, then drone
6. Verify GPS lock (minimum 8 satellites)
7. Verify home point is set correctly
8. Check camera settings and storage (SD card space)
9. Identify landing zone and emergency landing options
10. Announce "launching" to nearby people

Basic Flight Exercises (Practice Progression)

1. Hover: Maintain steady position at 10 feet for 60 seconds
2. Square pattern: Fly a square at constant altitude
3. Figure 8: Smooth figure-8 pattern
4. Nose-in hover: Face drone toward you (controls feel reversed)
5. Orbiting: Circle around a point while keeping camera on it
6. Landing precision: Land on a specific spot consistently
7. Return to Home: Practice RTH function, understand its behavior

Emergency Procedures

• Signal loss: Most drones auto-RTH; understand your drone's failsafe behavior
• Low battery: Land immediately, don't try to fly back if battery is critical
• Flyaway: Switch to sport/manual mode and fly back; if unresponsive, use RTH
• Bird attack: Slowly descend and land; don't try to outrun birds
• Wind: If struggling to return, descend to lower altitude where wind may be weaker

Aerial Photography and Videography

Camera Settings

• Resolution: 4K for most uses, 5.4K+ for professional work
• Frame rate: 24fps (cinematic), 30fps (standard), 60fps (smooth/slow-mo), 120fps (dramatic slow-mo)
• Shutter speed: Use ND filters to maintain 1/double-framerate rule (e.g., 1/50 for 24fps)
• ISO: Keep as low as possible (100-400)
• White balance: Manual (don't let it shift during recording)
• Color profile: D-Log or flat profile for post-production flexibility

Essential Drone Shots

1. Reveal: Start facing obstacle, fly up/backward to reveal landscape
2. Orbit: Circle around subject maintaining camera lock
3. Dronie: Fly backward and upward from subject
4. Bird's eye: Straight down, moving forward (great for roads, rivers)
5. Tracking: Follow a moving subject at consistent distance
6. Dolly zoom: Fly backward while zooming in (or vice versa)
7. Hyperlapse: Automated time-lapse with drone movement
8. Parallax: Fly sideways past foreground object revealing background

ND Filters

• Essential for cinematic video (control shutter speed in bright conditions)
• ND4: Overcast conditions
• ND8: Partly cloudy
• ND16: Bright conditions
• ND32: Very bright / sunny
• ND64: Extremely bright / snow / beach
• Brands: PolarPro, Freewell, DJI official

Post-Processing

• DaVinci Resolve (free) - Professional video editing and color grading
• Adobe Premiere Pro - Industry standard ($22/month)
• LumaFusion (iPad) - Mobile editing
• Lightroom - Drone photo editing, panorama stitching
• LUTs (Look Up Tables) - Apply consistent color grades

FPV Racing

Getting Started with FPV

1. Start with a simulator (VelociDrone, Liftoff) - Practice 10+ hours before real flying
2. Get a radio controller that works with sims (RadioMaster Zorro or TX16S)
3. Choose goggles: DJI O3 system (digital, HD) or analog (cheaper, more latency)
4. Start with a BNF (Bind and Fly) quad, not a custom build
5. Find an open field far from people and property
6. Join local FPV group through MultiGP (multigp.com)

FPV Equipment Overview

• Radio transmitter: $80-200 (RadioMaster, TBS)
• Goggles: $100 (analog) to $600 (DJI digital)
• Quad frame: 5" most common for freestyle, 3" for indoor/tight spaces
• Flight controller: F4 or F7 processor, runs BetaFlight firmware
• ESC: Electronic speed controller, 4-in-1 common
• Motors: 2306 or 2207 size for 5"
• Batteries: LiPo 4S or 6S, 1300-1500mAh for 5"

Battery Safety (LiPo)

• NEVER charge unattended
• ALWAYS use LiPo-safe charging bag
• Store at storage voltage (3.8V per cell) if not flying within 24 hours
• Dispose of puffed or damaged batteries at battery recycling center
• Never puncture, crush, or short-circuit
• Charge at 1C rate unless battery specifies higher
• Balance charge every time

Maintenance

Before Every Flight

• Inspect propellers for nicks, cracks, or bends (replace if damaged)
• Check motor shafts spin freely without grinding
• Verify gimbal moves freely and lens is clean
• Check battery condition and charge level
• Update firmware when available (but not immediately before an important shoot)

Regular Maintenance

• Clean camera lens with microfiber cloth
• Inspect arms and body for cracks after any hard landing
• Check and tighten prop screws
• Calibrate compass when in new flying location
• Calibrate IMU if drone drifts or behaves erratically
• Update firmware regularly

Storage

• Store batteries at storage charge (3.8V/cell), NOT fully charged
• Keep in cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
• Prop guards off to prevent warping
• Use carrying case for transport
• Remove props if not flying for extended period

Flight Planning Tools

• B4UFLY (FAA) - Airspace restrictions and authorization
• AirMap - Airspace, LAANC authorization, flight planning
• Aloft (formerly Kittyhawk) - Professional flight planning and compliance
• UAV Forecast - Weather conditions specific to drone flying
• Google Earth - Pre-scout locations and plan shots
• Sun Surveyor - Golden hour and sun position planning

Legal and Insurance

• Liability insurance: Recommended even for recreational ($500-1000/year through USAA or State Farm)
• Hull insurance: Covers drone damage/loss
• Commercial insurance: Required by many clients, available through Thimble, SkyWatch
• Privacy laws: Don't record people without consent, avoid flying over private property at low altitude
• Property damage: You are liable for any damage your drone causes

Progression Path

1. Phase 1: Fly simulator 10+ hours, pass TRUST test, buy first drone
2. Phase 2: Master basic maneuvers, understand airspace rules, first photos/videos
3. Phase 3: Learn cinematic shots, ND filters, basic editing
4. Phase 4: Pass Part 107 if pursuing commercial work
5. Phase 5: Specialize (real estate, events, inspection, FPV, mapping)
6. Phase 6: Advanced techniques - waypoint missions, photogrammetry, thermal imaging

Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

[Drone Pilot deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline

Example

Input: "Help me with drone pilot for a mid-size project."

Output: A complete drone pilot framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.

Edge Cases

• Incomplete information: Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
• Conflicting requirements: Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
• Scale mismatch: Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
• Domain crossover: When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest