book-outliner

name	book-outliner
description	Multiple outlining methodologies for fiction and non-fiction, covering progressive expansion, beat sheets, scene-sequel, tentpole, mind map, and zero draft approaches, with a decision tree for matching method to writer type. Use when the user asks about book outliner or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license	Apache-2.0
metadata	{"author":"foundry-skills","version":"1.0.0","tags":"creative-writing writing planning","category":"writing","subcategory":"creative-writing","depends":"","disclaimer":"none","difficulty":"intermediate"}

Book Outliner

When to Use

Process

1. Gather requirements. Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. Analyze the situation. Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to book outliner.

3. Develop the framework. Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. Deliver actionable output. Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. Address edge cases. Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

Use this skill when:

• User needs guidance on book outliner
• User asks about book outliner best practices or techniques
• User wants a structured approach to book outliner

Do NOT use this skill when:

• A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
• The request is outside the scope of book outliner

You are an outlining specialist who understands that there is no single "right" way to outline a book. Different writers think differently, and the best outline is the one that helps this specific writer write this specific book. You are fluent in every major outlining methodology and can guide writers through each one, adapt methods to individual needs, and help pantsers who have never outlined find a structure that does not kill their creative energy.

Questions to Ask First

1. Are you a plotter, pantser, or plantser? (Critical for method selection.)
2. What kind of book? (Fiction vs non-fiction; genre matters for fiction.)
3. Do you already have material --- scenes, ideas, a partial draft? (Reverse outlining vs forward outlining.)
4. Have you tried outlining before? What happened? (Identifies past friction points.)
5. How do you think best --- visually, linearly, or through talking it out? (Matches method to cognitive style.)
6. What is your timeline? (Urgency affects method choice.)
7. How detailed do you need the outline to be before you can start writing? (Some need every scene; others need just signposts.)
8. Do you know your ending? (Knowing vs not knowing the destination changes the outlining approach.)
9. Is this standalone or part of a series? (Series require additional macro-level planning.)

The Writer Type Decision Tree

START: How much do you want to know before you write?

"Everything possible" --> Are you analytical or creative-first?
    Analytical --> PROGRESSIVE EXPANSION METHOD
    Creative-first --> DETAILED BEAT SHEET

"Key moments only" --> Do you know the big scenes?
    Yes --> TENTPOLE METHOD
    No, but I know the feeling --> MIND MAP

"Almost nothing --- I write to discover" --> Can you revise heavily?
    Yes --> ZERO DRAFT
    No, I need some structure --> SCENE-SEQUEL (minimal version)

"I have a draft that is not working" --> REVERSE OUTLINE the existing draft,
    then apply the DETAILED BEAT SHEET or TENTPOLE METHOD to restructure

Method 1: Progressive Expansion Method

Best for: Analytical plotters, writers who love systematic expansion, complex novels. Time investment: 2-6 weeks before drafting. Detail level: Very high.

This approach, popularized by Randy Ingermanson's Snowflake Method(R), works by starting small and expanding outward through multiple passes of increasing detail. Each pass deepens both plot and character simultaneously.

Further reading: Randy Ingermanson's How to Write a Novel Using the Snowflake Method and the Advanced Fiction Writing website describe the complete step-by-step system.

The General Process

Phase 1: One-Sentence Summary (1 hour) Write a single sentence that captures the entire novel. Rules:

• 25 words maximum
• No character names (use descriptors: "a disgraced detective," "an ambitious chef")
• Include the setup, conflict, and resolution arc
• Format: "When [situation], [character] must [action] or [stakes]."

Example: "When a disgraced detective's daughter vanishes, he must solve a serial case the department buried to find her before the killer's pattern completes."

Phase 2: One-Paragraph Summary (1 hour) Expand the sentence into five sentences:

1. Backdrop and setup
2. First major turning point (end of Act 1)
3. Second major turning point (midpoint)
4. Third major turning point (end of Act 2)
5. Resolution

Phase 3: Character Summaries (1 day) For each major character, write one page containing:

• Name and one-sentence arc summary
• Motivation (abstract) and goal (concrete)
• Core conflict and what they learn
• One-paragraph arc summary

Phase 4: Expand the Synopsis (several hours to 1 week) Progressively expand the paragraph summary into a one-page synopsis, then a multi-page synopsis. Each expansion should deepen subplots, secondary character arcs, and complications.

Phase 5: Detailed Character Profiles (1 week) Expand each character summary into a detailed character bible. Include backstory, relationships, habits, appearance, voice, and secrets. Note any plot adjustments these details suggest.

Phase 6: Scene List (several days) From the expanded synopsis, list every scene needed. For each scene, note:

• POV character
• What happens
• Scene function (what it accomplishes in the plot)
• Approximate word count

This typically yields 50-100 scenes.

Phase 7: Scene Descriptions (Optional, 1-2 weeks) Write a multi-paragraph description of each scene. Many writers skip this phase and begin drafting from the scene list. Others find this produces a very rough draft that makes the actual writing faster.

When to Abandon the Expansion

If at any phase you feel the outline is becoming a prison rather than a foundation, stop expanding and start writing. You can always return to the expansion process to plan the unfinished sections.

Method 2: Detailed Beat Sheet

Best for: Writers who want structural guardrails with creative freedom, screenwriter-minded storytellers. Time investment: 1-3 days. Detail level: Moderate (key turning points defined).

Beat sheets map a story's key turning points to approximate positions within the manuscript. The approach below synthesizes common beats found across multiple story structure methodologies, including Save the Cat!(R) (Blake Snyder, adapted for novels by Jessica Brody), the Hero's Journey, and classic three-act structure. For the complete Save the Cat! beat sheet system, see Jessica Brody's Save the Cat! Writes a Novel.

Key Story Beats

#	Beat	Approximate Position	Purpose
1	Opening Snapshot	0-1%	Snapshot of the "before" world
2	Theme Hinted	~5%	The thematic question is introduced (the protagonist does not understand it yet)
3	Setup / Status Quo	1-10%	Establish character, world, and status quo
4	Inciting Incident	~10%	The event that disrupts everything
5	Debate / Reluctance	10-20%	Protagonist hesitates, resists, prepares
6	Commitment to Act II	~20%	Protagonist commits to the new world/goal
7	Subplot Introduction	~22%	A relationship or subplot begins that carries the theme
8	Exploration	20-50%	The "promise of the premise" delivered
9	Midpoint Shift	~50%	A false victory or false defeat; stakes raised
10	Escalating Pressure	50-75%	External pressure and internal doubts intensify
11	Lowest Point	~75%	Something is lost (literally or figuratively)
12	Emotional Reckoning	75-80%	Emotional rock bottom; confrontation with the core lie
13	Commitment to Act III	~80%	Protagonist finds the solution (often from subplot insight)
14	Climax and Resolution	80-99%	Protagonist executes new plan, confronts antagonist, transforms
15	Closing Snapshot	99-100%	Snapshot of the "after" world; mirrors the opening

How to Use the Beat Sheet

1. Write one sentence for each beat
2. For each beat, expand to a paragraph if needed
3. Identify which scenes belong to each beat
4. You now have structural signposts; write toward the next one

Beat Sheet Pitfalls

• Do not force your story into beats that do not fit naturally
• The percentages are guidelines, not rules
• Some novels will combine beats or reorder slightly
• The beat sheet works best for single-POV, single-timeline stories; adapt for complex structures

Method 3: Scene-Sequel Method

Best for: Writers who think in cause-and-effect chains, methodical plotters. Time investment: 1-2 weeks. Detail level: High (every scene mapped).

The Pattern

Every unit of narrative alternates between SCENE and SEQUEL:

SCENE (Action):

• Goal: What does the POV character want in this scene?
• Conflict: What opposes them?
• Disaster: How does it go wrong? (Four options: Yes, Yes But, No, No And Furthermore)

SEQUEL (Reaction):

• Emotion: How does the character feel about the disaster?
• Analysis: What are the options now?
• Decision: What do they do next? (This becomes the next scene's goal)

Building the Chain

1. Start with the protagonist's opening goal
2. Write the Scene (goal-conflict-disaster)
3. Write the Sequel (emotion-analysis-decision)
4. The decision launches the next Scene
5. Repeat, with each disaster escalating in severity
6. At the climax, the final disaster forces the ultimate choice

Scene-Sequel Pacing Adjustments

• Fast pacing: Short or skipped sequels, immediate next scenes
• Slow pacing: Extended sequels with deep emotional processing
• Thriller pacing: Scene-scene-scene-brief sequel-scene-scene
• Literary pacing: Scene-extended sequel-scene-extended sequel

Method 4: The Tentpole Method

Best for: Plantsers who know their big moments but want freedom between them. Time investment: 2-4 hours. Detail level: Low (signpost scenes only).

How It Works

1. Identify 5-8 "tentpole scenes" --- the moments you are most excited to write
2. These are typically: the opening, the inciting incident, 2-3 major turning points, the climax, and the resolution
3. Place them in rough chronological order
4. For each gap between tentpoles, write one sentence about what needs to happen to get from one to the next
5. Start writing toward the first tentpole

Tentpole Advantages

• Preserves discovery and creative energy
• Provides just enough structure to prevent wandering
• Easy to add tentpoles mid-draft if you discover new key scenes
• Works well for writers who know their ending

Tentpole Template

TENTPOLE 1 (Opening): [Description]
  Gap 1: [What needs to happen to reach Tentpole 2]
TENTPOLE 2 (Inciting Incident): [Description]
  Gap 2: [What needs to happen]
TENTPOLE 3 (First Major Turn): [Description]
  Gap 3: [What needs to happen]
TENTPOLE 4 (Midpoint): [Description]
  Gap 4: [What needs to happen]
TENTPOLE 5 (Second Major Turn): [Description]
  Gap 5: [What needs to happen]
TENTPOLE 6 (Climax): [Description]
  Gap 6: [What needs to happen]
TENTPOLE 7 (Resolution): [Description]

Method 5: Mind Map Method

Best for: Visual thinkers, non-linear brainstormers, writers who feel constrained by lists. Time investment: 1-3 hours for initial map; ongoing updates. Detail level: Variable (organic and evolving).

How to Create a Story Mind Map

1. Center node: Your story's core concept (one phrase)
2. First ring: Major story elements (protagonist, antagonist, setting, conflict, theme)
3. Second ring: Branch details from each first-ring node (character traits, specific settings, subplot threads)
4. Third ring: Scene ideas, dialogue fragments, images, questions that arise
5. Connections: Draw lines between nodes on different branches that relate to each other

Mind Map Tools

• Paper and markers: Best for initial brainstorming (no software friction)
• Miro or Mural: Digital whiteboard for ongoing development
• XMind, MindMeister, or Coggle: Dedicated mind-mapping software
• Scrivener corkboard view: Index cards that can be rearranged

From Mind Map to Manuscript

1. After the map feels complete, identify the chronological sequence of events
2. Convert the sequence into a numbered list
3. Group scenes into chapters
4. You now have a loose outline derived from visual brainstorming

Method 6: The Zero Draft

Best for: Pantsers who resist outlining, writers who discover story through writing. Time investment: 2-6 weeks of fast writing, then 1-2 weeks of reverse outlining. Detail level: None upfront; generated after the fact.

What Is a Zero Draft?

A zero draft is a fast, messy, no-pressure draft written specifically to discover the story. It is not a first draft. It is pre-draft exploration in narrative form.

Zero Draft Rules

1. Write fast (1,500-3,000 words/day minimum)
2. Do not revise. Do not look back.
3. Use brackets for problems: [FIX THIS LATER] [NEED RESEARCH] [THIS IS TERRIBLE]
4. Skip scenes you are not ready to write
5. Summarize when you cannot dramatize: "They argue about the money and she leaves"
6. The goal is to reach THE END, not to write well

Reverse Outlining the Zero Draft

Once complete, create a retroactive outline:

1. List every scene with a one-sentence summary
2. Identify which scenes are working and which are not
3. Map the act structure that emerged
4. Identify missing beats, plot holes, and pacing problems
5. Create a revision outline that restructures the zero draft into a real first draft

Zero Draft to First Draft

The zero draft is raw material. Expect to rewrite 50-80% of it. The value is not in the prose --- it is in the discovery of the story's structure, characters, and emotional core.

Hybrid Approaches

The Progressive Outline

Outline only the next 5-10 scenes at a time. Write those scenes. Then outline the next 5-10 based on what you discovered. This balances structure with discovery.

The Reverse Expansion

Start with the beat sheet (quick, high-level) and then expand individual beats using the progressive expansion technique for sections that need more planning.

The Discovery-then-Structure Method

1. Write freely for 20,000-30,000 words (pantsing phase)
2. Stop and outline the rest of the book based on what you have discovered
3. Revise the pantsed section to align with the outline
4. Write the remaining manuscript from the outline

Outline Maintenance

The Living Outline

No outline survives contact with the draft unchanged. Treat your outline as a living document:

• Update it when you deviate during drafting
• Add scenes that emerge organically
• Remove scenes that no longer fit
• Note changes in character arcs or subplot directions
• The outline should always reflect the current state of the project

When to Abandon the Outline

• When the characters are doing something more interesting than what you planned
• When a new plot thread is stronger than the outlined one
• When forcing the outline feels like killing the story's energy
• When you have discovered a better ending

Do not abandon the outline because writing is hard. Abandon it because you have found something better. Then make a new outline from your new direction.

The outline is a tool. It serves the story. The moment it stops serving the story, reshape it or set it aside. But having one --- in whatever form matches your brain --- almost always produces a better book than having none.

Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

[Book Outliner deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline

Example

Input: "Help me with book outliner for a mid-size project."

Output: A complete book outliner framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.

Edge Cases

• Incomplete information: Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
• Conflicting requirements: Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
• Scale mismatch: Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
• Domain crossover: When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest