cryptography-security

## What I do - Implement encryption at rest and in transit - Design key management systems - Use modern cryptographic libraries correctly - Implement digital signatures and certificates - Secure password storage - Handle cryptographic secrets ## When to use me When implementing encryption, secure storage, or any cryptographic operations in code. ## Encryption at Rest ### AES-256 Encryption ```python from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend import os import base64 class AESEncryption: def __init__(self, key: bytes = None): self.key = key or os.urandom(32) # 256-bit key def encrypt(self, plaintext: str) -> str: iv = os.urandom(16) # 128-bit IV cipher = Cipher( algorithms.AES(self.key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend() ) encryptor = cipher.encryptor() # PKCS7 padding padded = self._pkcs7_pad(plaintext.encode(), 16) ciphertext = encryptor.update(padded) + encryptor.finalize() # Return IV + ciphertext result = base64.b64encode(iv + ciphertext).decode() return result def decrypt(self, encrypted: str) -> str: data = base64.b64decode(encrypted) iv = data[:16] ciphertext = data[16:] cipher = Cipher( algorithms.AES(self.key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend() ) decryptor = cipher.decryptor() padded = decryptor.update(ciphertext) + decryptor.finalize() plaintext = self._pkcs7_unpad(padded) return plaintext.decode() def _pkcs7_pad(self, data: bytes, block_size: int) -> bytes: padding = block_size - (len(data) % block_size) return data + bytes([padding] * padding) def _pkcs7_unpad(self, data: bytes) -> bytes: padding = data[-1] return data[:-padding] ``` ### Field-Level Encryption ```python class FieldEncryption: """Encrypt specific sensitive fields in a database""" def __init__(self, master_key: bytes): self.master_key = master_key def encrypt_field(self, field_name: str, value: str, field_keys: dict) -> dict: """Encrypt specific fields with field-specific keys""" if field_name in field_keys: key = self._derive_key(field_keys[field_name]) enc = AESEncryption(key) return {"encrypted": enc.encrypt(value), "encrypted_field": True} return {"value": value, "encrypted_field": False} def _derive_key(self, key_material: str) -> bytes: from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC kdf = PBKDF2HMAC( algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), length=32, salt=b"field_salt", iterations=100000, ) return kdf.derive(key_material.encode()) ``` ## Encryption in Transit ### TLS Configuration ```python import ssl import hashlib class TLSConfig: """Configure secure TLS settings""" @staticmethod def get_secure_context() -> ssl.SSLContext: context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER) # Load certificate context.load_cert_chain( certfile="server.crt", keyfile="server.key" ) # Enforce strong protocols context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2 # Configure ciphers context.set_ciphers( 'ECDHE+AESGCM:DHE+AESGCM:ECDHE+CHACHA20:DHE+CHACHA20' ) # Enable OCSP stapling context.sni_callback = TLSConfig.sni_callback return context @staticmethod def sni_callback(ssl_socket, server_name, initial_context): # Verify certificate for SNI return None # Continue normally ``` ## Key Management ### Key Rotation ```python from datetime import datetime, timedelta import json class KeyManager: def __init__(self): self.keys = {} self.rotation_period = timedelta(days=90) def generate_key(self, key_id: str) -> dict: """Generate new encryption key""" import os key = { "key_id": key_id, "key": base64.b64encode(os.urandom(32)).decode(), "created": datetime.now().isoformat(), "expires": (datetime.now() + self.rotation_period).isoformat(), "status": "active" } self.keys[key_id] = key return key def get_active_key(self) -> dict: """Get currently active key""" for key in self.keys.values(): if key["status"] == "active": return key raise ValueError("No active key found") def rotate_keys(self): """Rotate to new key, deprecate old""" new_key_id = f"key_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')}" # Mark old key as deprecated for key in self.keys.values(): if key["status"] == "active": key["status"] = "deprecated" key["deprecated"] = datetime.now().isoformat() # Generate new key self.generate_key(new_key_id) return new_key_id ``` ## Password Hashing ```python import secrets from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC class PasswordHasher: def __init__(self, iterations: int = 480000): self.iterations = iterations def hash_password(self, password: str) -> tuple: salt = secrets.token_bytes(32) kdf = PBKDF2HMAC( algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), length=32, salt=salt, iterations=self.iterations, ) key = kdf.derive(password.encode()) return base64.b64encode(key), base64.b64encode(salt) def verify_password(self, password: str, stored_key: str, salt: str) -> bool: key, _ = self.hash_password(password, base64.b64decode(salt)) return secrets.compare_digest(key, stored_key) ``` ## Digital Signatures ```python from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, serialization from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa, padding class DigitalSigner: def __init__(self, private_key=None): if private_key is None: self.private_key = rsa.generate_private_key( public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048 ) else: self.private_key = private_key def sign(self, data: bytes) -> bytes: return self.private_key.sign( data, padding.PSS( mgf=padding.MGF1(hashes.SHA256()), salt_length=padding.PSS.MAX_LENGTH ), hashes.SHA256() ) def verify(self, data: bytes, signature: bytes, public_key) -> bool: try: public_key.verify( signature, data, padding.PSS( mgf=padding.MGF1(hashes.SHA256()), salt_length=padding.PSS.MAX_LENGTH ), hashes.SHA256() ) return True except: return False ```