django

## What I do - Build Django applications following best practices - Use class-based views for complex logic - Implement proper model design with migrations - Handle forms and model forms - Use Django ORM effectively - Implement authentication and permissions - Create REST APIs with Django REST Framework - Write unit and integration tests ## When to use me When building Django applications or APIs. ## Project Structure ``` myproject/ ├── myproject/ │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── settings.py │ ├── urls.py │ ├── wsgi.py │ └── asgi.py ├── apps/ │ ├── users/ │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ ├── models.py │ │ ├── views.py │ │ ├── urls.py │ │ ├── serializers.py │ │ ├── forms.py │ │ ├── admin.py │ │ ├── permissions.py │ │ ├── throttling.py │ │ ├── apps.py │ │ └── tests/ │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ ├── test_models.py │ │ └── test_views.py │ └── posts/ │ └── ... ├── templates/ │ └── base.html ├── static/ │ ├── css/ │ └── js/ ├── media/ ├── locale/ ├── manage.py ├── requirements.txt ├── pytest.ini └── .env ``` ## Models ```python from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser from django.core.validators import MinLengthValidator, URLValidator from django.utils import timezone from django.conf import settings class BaseModel(models.Model): created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: abstract = True class User(AbstractUser): email = models.EmailField(unique=True) bio = models.TextField(max_length=500, blank=True) avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars/', null=True, blank=True) is_verified = models.BooleanField(default=False) USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username'] def __str__(self): return self.username class Post(BaseModel): author = models.ForeignKey( settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='posts' ) title = models.CharField(max_length=200) slug = models.SlugField(max_length=200, unique=True) content = models.TextField() status = models.CharField( max_length=20, choices=[('draft', 'Draft'), ('published', 'Published')], default='draft' ) published_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True) tags = models.ManyToManyField('Tag', related_name='posts') views = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) class Meta: ordering = ['-published_at', '-created_at'] indexes = [ models.Index(fields=['-published_at']), models.Index(fields=['author', '-published_at']), ] def save(self, *args, **kwargs): if self.status == 'published' and not self.published_at: self.published_at = timezone.now() super().save(*args, **kwargs) class Tag(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True) slug = models.SlugField(max_length=50, unique=True) def __str__(self): return self.name ``` ## Class-Based Views ```python from django.views.generic import ( ListView, DetailView, CreateView, UpdateView, DeleteView ) from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin from django.urls import reverse_lazy from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView class PostListView(ListView): model = Post template_name = 'posts/list.html' context_object_name = 'posts' paginate_by = 10 def get_queryset(self): return Post.objects.filter( status='published' ).select_related('author').prefetch_related('tags') def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs) context['page_title'] = 'All Posts' return context class PostDetailView(DetailView): model = Post template_name = 'posts/detail.html' context_object_name = 'post' def get_queryset(self): return Post.objects.select_related('author').prefetch_related('tags') class PostCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView): model = Post fields = ['title', 'content', 'tags'] template_name = 'posts/form.html' success_url = reverse_lazy('posts:list') def form_valid(self, form): form.instance.author = self.request.user return super().form_valid(form) class PostUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView): model = Post fields = ['title', 'content', 'tags'] template_name = 'posts/form.html' def get_queryset(self): return Post.objects.filter(author=self.request.user) def get_object(self, queryset=None): post = super().get_object() if post.author != self.request.user: raise PermissionDenied return post class PostDeleteView(LoginRequiredMixin, DeleteView): model = Post success_url = reverse_lazy('posts:list') def get_queryset(self): return Post.objects.filter(author=self.request.user) ``` ## Django REST Framework ```python from rest_framework import serializers, viewsets, permissions from drf_spectacular.utils import extend_schema, OpenApiParameter from drf_spectacular.types import OpenApiTypes class PostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): author = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='author.username') tags = serializers.SlugRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True, slug_field='name') class Meta: model = Post fields = [ 'id', 'title', 'slug', 'content', 'author', 'status', 'published_at', 'tags', 'views', 'created_at', 'updated_at' ] read_only_fields = ['id', 'slug', 'author', 'views', 'created_at', 'updated_at'] @extend_schema( parameters=[ OpenApiParameter(name='search', description='Search in title and content'), OpenApiParameter(name='status', description='Filter by status'), ] ) class PostViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): serializer_class = PostSerializer permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly] lookup_field = 'slug' def get_queryset(self): queryset = Post.objects.select_related('author').prefetch_related('tags') # Filtering status = self.request.query_params.get('status') if status: queryset = queryset.filter(status=status) # Search search = self.request.query_params.get('search') if search: queryset = queryset.filter(title__icontains=search) return queryset def perform_create(self, serializer): serializer.save(author=self.request.user) # URLs from django.urls import path, include from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter router = DefaultRouter() router.register(r'posts', PostViewSet, basename='post') urlpatterns = [ path('api/v1/', include(router.urls)), ] ```