electron

name	electron
description	Electron patterns for building cross-platform desktop applications. Trigger: When building desktop apps, working with Electron main/renderer processes, IPC communication, or native integrations.
metadata	{"author":"gentleman-programming","version":"1.0"}

When to Use

Load this skill when:

• Building cross-platform desktop applications
• Working with Electron's main and renderer processes
• Implementing IPC (Inter-Process Communication)
• Integrating native OS features (menus, notifications, file system)
• Setting up Electron with React, Vue, or other frameworks
• Configuring auto-updates and app distribution

Critical Patterns

Pattern 1: Project Structure

src/
├── main/                    # Main process (Node.js)
│   ├── index.ts            # Entry point
│   ├── ipc/                # IPC handlers
│   │   ├── handlers.ts
│   │   └── channels.ts     # Type-safe channel names
│   ├── services/           # Native services
│   │   ├── store.ts        # electron-store
│   │   └── updater.ts      # auto-updater
│   └── windows/            # Window management
│       └── main-window.ts
├── renderer/               # Renderer process (browser)
│   ├── src/
│   │   ├── App.tsx
│   │   ├── components/
│   │   └── hooks/
│   │       └── useIPC.ts   # IPC hooks
│   └── index.html
├── preload/                # Preload scripts
│   └── index.ts            # Expose safe APIs
└── shared/                 # Shared types
    └── types.ts

Pattern 2: Secure IPC Communication

Always use contextBridge for secure communication:

// preload/index.ts
import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from 'electron';
import type { IpcChannels } from '../shared/types';

// Type-safe exposed API
const electronAPI = {
  // One-way: renderer -> main
  send: <T extends keyof IpcChannels>(
    channel: T, 
    data: IpcChannels[T]['request']
  ) => {
    ipcRenderer.send(channel, data);
  },

  // Two-way: renderer -> main -> renderer
  invoke: <T extends keyof IpcChannels>(
    channel: T, 
    data: IpcChannels[T]['request']
  ): Promise<IpcChannels[T]['response']> => {
    return ipcRenderer.invoke(channel, data);
  },

  // Listen: main -> renderer
  on: <T extends keyof IpcChannels>(
    channel: T, 
    callback: (data: IpcChannels[T]['response']) => void
  ) => {
    const subscription = (_: Electron.IpcRendererEvent, data: IpcChannels[T]['response']) => {
      callback(data);
    };
    ipcRenderer.on(channel, subscription);
    return () => ipcRenderer.removeListener(channel, subscription);
  },
};

contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electron', electronAPI);

Pattern 3: Type-Safe IPC Channels

Define all channels with request/response types:

// shared/types.ts
export interface IpcChannels {
  'app:get-version': {
    request: void;
    response: string;
  };
  'file:read': {
    request: { path: string };
    response: { content: string } | { error: string };
  };
  'file:write': {
    request: { path: string; content: string };
    response: { success: boolean };
  };
  'dialog:open-file': {
    request: { filters?: Electron.FileFilter[] };
    response: string | null;
  };
  'store:get': {
    request: { key: string };
    response: unknown;
  };
  'store:set': {
    request: { key: string; value: unknown };
    response: void;
  };
}

// Extend Window interface for renderer
declare global {
  interface  {
    :  electronAPI;
  }
}

Code Examples

Example 1: Main Process Setup

// main/index.ts
import { app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain } from 'electron';
import path from 'path';
import { registerIpcHandlers } from './ipc/handlers';

let mainWindow: BrowserWindow | null = null;

async function createWindow() {
  mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 1200,
    height: 800,
    minWidth: 800,
    minHeight: 600,
    webPreferences: {
      preload: path.join(__dirname, '../preload/index.js'),
      contextIsolation: true,  // Required for security
      nodeIntegration: false,  // Required for security
      sandbox: true,           // Extra security
    },
    titleBarStyle: process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'hiddenInset' : 'default',
    trafficLightPosition: { x: 15, y:  },
  });

  
  ();

  
   (process.. === ) {
    mainWindow.();
    mainWindow..();
  }  {
    mainWindow.(path.(__dirname, ));
  }

  mainWindow.(,  {
    mainWindow = ;
  });
}

app.().(createWindow);

app.(,  {
   (process. !== ) {
    app.();
  }
});

app.(,  {
   (.(). === ) {
    ();
  }
});

Example 2: IPC Handlers

// main/ipc/handlers.ts
import { ipcMain, dialog, app } from 'electron';
import fs from 'fs/promises';
import Store from 'electron-store';

const store = new Store();

export function registerIpcHandlers() {
  // Get app version
  ipcMain.handle('app:get-version', () => {
    return app.getVersion();
  });

  // File operations
  ipcMain.handle('file:read', async (_, { path }) => {
    try {
      const content = await fs.readFile(path, 'utf-8');
      return { content };
    } catch (error) {
      return { error: (error as Error).message };
    }
  });

  ipcMain.handle('file:write', async (_, { path, content }) => {
    try {
      await fs.writeFile(path, content, 'utf-8');
      return { success: true };
    }  {
       { :  };
    }
  });

  
  ipcMain.(,  (_, { filters }) => {
     result =  dialog.({
      : [],
      : filters || [{ : , : [] }],
    });
     result. ?  : result.[];
  });

  
  ipcMain.(,  {
     store.(key);
  });

  ipcMain.(,  {
    store.(key, value);
  });
}

Example 3: React Hook for IPC

// renderer/src/hooks/useIPC.ts
import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';

export function useIPC<T>(
  channel: string,
  initialValue: T
): [T, boolean, Error | null] {
  const [data, setData] = useState<T>(initialValue);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    let mounted = true;

    window.electron
      .invoke(channel, undefined)
      .then((result) => {
        if (mounted) {
          setData(result as T);
          setLoading(false);
        }
      })
      .catch((err) => {
        if (mounted) {
          setError(err);
          setLoading(false);
        }
      });

    return () => {
      mounted = false;
    };
  }, [channel]);

  return [data, loading, error];
}

// Hook for IPC subscriptions
  useIPCListener<T>(
  : ,
  :  
) {
  ( {
     unsubscribe = ..(channel, callback);
     unsubscribe;
  }, [channel, callback]);
}


  useIPCMutation<, >(: ) {
   [loading, setLoading] = ();
   [error, setError] = useState< | >();

   mutate = (
     (: ): < | > => {
      ();
      ();
       {
         result =  ..(channel, data);
         result  ;
      }  (err) {
        (err  );
         ;
      }  {
        ();
      }
    },
    [channel]
  );

   { mutate, loading, error };
}

Example 4: Auto-Updater Setup

// main/services/updater.ts
import { autoUpdater } from 'electron-updater';
import { BrowserWindow } from 'electron';
import log from 'electron-log';

export function setupAutoUpdater(mainWindow: BrowserWindow) {
  autoUpdater.logger = log;
  autoUpdater.autoDownload = false;
  autoUpdater.autoInstallOnAppQuit = true;

  autoUpdater.on('checking-for-update', () => {
    mainWindow.webContents.send('updater:checking');
  });

  autoUpdater.on('update-available', (info) => {
    mainWindow.webContents.send('updater:available', info);
  });

  autoUpdater.on('update-not-available', () => {
    mainWindow.webContents.send('updater:not-available');
  });

  autoUpdater.on('download-progress', (progress) => {
    mainWindow.webContents.send('updater:progress', progress);
  });

  autoUpdater.(,  {
    mainWindow..();
  });

  autoUpdater.(,  {
    mainWindow..(, error.);
  });

  
  ( {
    autoUpdater.();
  }, );
}


  () {
  ipcMain.(,  autoUpdater.());
  ipcMain.(,  autoUpdater.());
  ipcMain.(,  autoUpdater.());
}

Example 5: Native Menu Setup

// main/menu.ts
import { Menu, shell, app, BrowserWindow } from 'electron';

export function createMenu(mainWindow: BrowserWindow) {
  const isMac = process.platform === 'darwin';

  const template: Electron.MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = [
    ...(isMac
      ? [{
          label: app.name,
          submenu: [
            { role: 'about' as const },
            { type: 'separator' as const },
            { role: 'services' as const },
            { type: 'separator' as const },
            { role: 'hide' as const },
            { role: 'hideOthers' as const },
            { role: 'unhide' as const },
            { type: 'separator' as  },
            { :    },
          ],
        }]
      : []),
    {
      : ,
      : [
        {
          : ,
          : ,
          :  mainWindow..(),
        },
        {
          : ,
          : ,
          :  mainWindow..(),
        },
        { :  },
        isMac ? { :  } : { :  },
      ],
    },
    {
      : ,
      : [
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
      ],
    },
    {
      : ,
      : [
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
        { :  },
      ],
    },
    {
      : ,
      : [
        {
          : ,
          :  shell.(),
        },
      ],
    },
  ];

  .(.(template));
}

Anti-Patterns

Don't: Enable nodeIntegration

// ❌ DANGEROUS - Never do this
const win = new BrowserWindow({
  webPreferences: {
    nodeIntegration: true,    // Security vulnerability!
    contextIsolation: false,  // Security vulnerability!
  },
});

// ✅ Safe - Always use contextIsolation with preload
const win = new BrowserWindow({
  webPreferences: {
    preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
    contextIsolation: true,
    nodeIntegration: false,
    sandbox: true,
  },
});

Don't: Use Remote Module

// ❌ Bad - remote is deprecated and insecure
const { BrowserWindow } = require('@electron/remote');

// ✅ Good - Use IPC for all main process access
// In renderer:
const result = await window.electron.invoke('dialog:open-file', {});

Don't: Expose Entire ipcRenderer

// ❌ Bad - exposes everything
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electron', {
  ipcRenderer: ipcRenderer, // Never expose the entire module!
});

// ✅ Good - expose only specific, typed methods
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electron', {
  invoke: (channel: string, data: unknown) => {
    const allowedChannels = ['app:get-version', 'file:read'];
    if (allowedChannels.includes(channel)) {
      return ipcRenderer.invoke(channel, data);
    }
    throw new Error(`Channel ${channel} not allowed`);
  },
});

Quick Reference

Task	Pattern
Create project	npm create electron-vite@latest
Main process file access	Use Node.js fs module in main
Renderer file access	IPC through preload
Persistent storage	electron-store in main process
Auto-updates	electron-updater
Native notifications	new Notification() in main
System tray	Tray class in main
Keyboard shortcuts	globalShortcut.register()
Deep linking	app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient()
Code signing	electron-builder config

Resources

• Electron Documentation
• Electron Forge
• electron-vite
• electron-builder
• Electron Security Checklist