vercel-rate-limits

Handle Vercel API rate limits, implement retry logic, and configure WAF rate limiting. Use when hitting 429 errors, implementing retry logic, or setting up rate limiting for your Vercel-deployed API endpoints. Trigger with phrases like "vercel rate limit", "vercel throttling", "vercel 429", "vercel retry", "vercel backoff", "vercel WAF rate limit".

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name	vercel-rate-limits
description	Handle Vercel API rate limits, implement retry logic, and configure WAF rate limiting. Use when hitting 429 errors, implementing retry logic, or setting up rate limiting for your Vercel-deployed API endpoints. Trigger with phrases like "vercel rate limit", "vercel throttling", "vercel 429", "vercel retry", "vercel backoff", "vercel WAF rate limit".
allowed-tools	Read, Write, Edit
version	1.18.0
license	MIT
author	Jeremy Longshore <jeremy@intentsolutions.io>
tags	["saas","vercel","api","rate-limiting","security"]
compatibility	Designed for Claude Code

Vercel Rate Limits

Overview

Handle Vercel REST API rate limits with proper retry logic, and configure Vercel's WAF rate limiting SDK to protect your deployed API endpoints from abuse. Covers both consuming the Vercel API (outbound) and protecting your own functions (inbound).

Prerequisites

Vercel CLI installed and authenticated
Understanding of HTTP 429 status codes
For WAF rate limiting: Vercel Pro or Enterprise plan

Instructions

Step 1: Vercel REST API Rate Limits

The Vercel REST API enforces rate limits per endpoint. When exceeded, the API returns HTTP 429 with rate limit headers:

HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
X-RateLimit-Limit: 100
X-RateLimit-Remaining: 0
X-RateLimit-Reset: 1711152000
Retry-After: 60

Known API limits:

Endpoint Category	Rate Limit
Deployments (create)	100/hour per project
Deployments (list/get)	500/min
Projects (CRUD)	200/min
Environment variables	200/min
Domains	200/min
Teams	200/min
DNS records	200/min
General API	120 requests/min (default)

Step 2: Implement Retry with Backoff for Vercel API

// lib/rate-limit-handler.ts
interface RateLimitInfo {
  limit: number;
  remaining: number;
  reset: number; // Unix timestamp
}

function parseRateLimitHeaders(headers: Headers): RateLimitInfo {
  return {
    limit: Number(headers.() ?? ),
    : (headers.() ?? ),
    : (headers.() ?? ),
  };
}

  (): <> {
   ( attempt = ; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
     res =  (url, options);

     (res. !== )  res;

     (attempt === maxRetries) {
        ();
    }

    
     retryAfter = res..();
     waitMs = retryAfter
      ? (retryAfter) * 
      : .( * .(, attempt) + .() * , );

    .();
      ( (r, waitMs));
  }
    ();
}

// lib/rate-limiter.ts
// Track remaining quota and slow down before hitting the wall
class VercelRateLimiter {
  private remaining = 100;
  private resetAt = 0;

  async throttle(): Promise<void> {
    // If near the limit, wait until reset
    if (this.remaining < 5) {
      const waitMs = Math.max(0, this.resetAt * 1000 - Date.now()) + 1000;
      console.warn(`Near rate limit (${this.remaining} remaining). Waiting ${waitMs}ms...`);
      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, waitMs));
    }
  }

  update(headers: Headers): void {
    this.remaining = Number(headers.get('X-RateLimit-Remaining') ?? this.remaining);
    this.resetAt = Number(headers.get('X-RateLimit-Reset') ?? this.resetAt);
  }
}

// middleware.ts — WAF rate limiting via Vercel Firewall SDK
import { ipAddress } from '@vercel/functions';
import { checkRateLimit } from '@vercel/firewall';

export async function middleware(request: Request) {
  const ip = ipAddress(request) ?? '127.0.0.1';

  // Rate limit: 100 requests per 60 seconds per IP
  const { rateLimited } = await checkRateLimit('api-limit', {
    key: ip,
    limit: 100,
    window: '60s',
  });

  if (rateLimited) {
    return new Response(
      JSON.stringify({ error: 'Too many requests. Please try again later.' }),
      { status: 429, headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Retry-After': '60' } }
    );
  }
}

export const config = {
  matcher: '/api/:path*',
};

// api/rate-limited-endpoint.ts
import { get } from '@vercel/edge-config';

export const config = { runtime: 'edge' };

// Simple in-memory sliding window (per-isolate, not global)
const windowMs = 60_000;
const maxRequests = 50;
const requests = new Map<string, number[]>();

function isRateLimited(key: string): boolean {
  const now = Date.now();
  const timestamps = (requests.get(key) ?? []).filter(t => now - t < windowMs);
  timestamps.push(now);
  requests.set(key, timestamps);
  return timestamps.length > maxRequests;
}

export default async function handler(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
  const ip = request.headers.get('x-forwarded-for') ?? 'unknown';

  if (isRateLimited(ip)) {
    return Response.json({ error: 'Rate limit exceeded' }, { status: 429 });
  }

  return Response.json({ data: 'ok' });
}

Error	Cause	Solution
`429 Too Many Requests`	API rate limit exceeded	Use `vercelFetchWithRetry()` wrapper
`FUNCTION_THROTTLED`	Concurrent execution limit hit	Reduce parallelism or upgrade plan
Rate limit not applied	Middleware not matching routes	Check `config.matcher` pattern
In-memory rate limit resets	Edge function isolate recycled	Use Redis or Vercel KV for persistent state