java-best-practices
Java 编码最佳实践与设计模式
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- Leavesfly/Jimi
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- November 27, 2025 at 05:52
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- java-best-practices
- description
- Java 编码最佳实践与设计模式
- version
- 1.0.0
- category
- development
- triggers
- ["java best practice","Java 最佳实践","设计模式","Java 编码规范"]
- scriptPath
- check-java-env.sh
- scriptType
- bash
- autoExecute
- true
- scriptTimeout
- 5
# Java 最佳实践技能包
## 编码规范
### 命名规范
- **类名**：PascalCase（UserService）
- **方法/变量**：camelCase（getUserById）
- **常量**：UPPER_SNAKE_CASE（MAX_SIZE）
- **包名**：小写（com.example.service）
### 常用设计模式
**单例模式（枚举实现）**：
```java
public enum Singleton {
INSTANCE;
public void doSomething() {}
}
```
**工厂模式**：
```java
public class UserFactory {
public static User createUser(String type) {
return switch (type) {
case "admin" -> new AdminUser();
case "guest" -> new GuestUser();
default -> new RegularUser();
};
}
}
```
**Builder 模式**：
```java
User user = User.builder()
.name("张三")
.age(25)
.build();
```
## Stream API
```java
List<String> names = users.stream()
.filter(u -> u.getAge() > 18)
.map(User::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
```
## 异常处理
```java
try {
// 业务逻辑
} catch (SpecificException e) {
log.error("Error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
throw new BusinessException("操作失败");
} finally {
// 清理资源
}
```
## 并发编程
```java
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
executor.submit(() -> {
// 异步任务
});
```
## Optional 使用
```java
Optional<User> user = userRepository.findById(id);
return user.orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException());
```
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