ias-income-tax-deferred-tax

name	ias-income-tax-deferred-tax
description	Income tax accounting under IFRS for SMEs Section 29 (practical default) and IAS 12 (full IFRS overlay). Current tax, deferred tax, temporary differences, recognition of deferred-tax assets, valuation allowance, tax-rate reconciliation, presentation. Use when corporate income tax, deferred tax, tax expense disclosure, or tax-rate reconciliation is in scope.

Income Tax and Deferred Tax (Section 29 / IAS 12)

Overview

Both Section 29 and IAS 12 use the temporary-differences approach: deferred tax arises on differences between the carrying amount of an asset or liability and its tax base. The system computes current tax and deferred tax per book per period, recognises them through P&L (or OCI / equity as required), and discloses the tax-rate reconciliation.

Required first reads

• doctrine/accounting-finance-doctrine.md
• doctrine/references/ifrs-for-smes-default.md (Section 29)
• doctrine/references/full-ifrs-overlay.md (IAS 12)
• doctrine/references/live-rate-verification-protocol.md (tax rates)
• doctrine/references/chart-of-accounts.md

Current tax

Current tax is the amount payable (or recoverable) for the period based on taxable profit (loss) using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. The system computes:

• Accounting profit (per the entity book).
• Adjustments for non-taxable income, non-deductible expense, timing items.
• Taxable profit.
• Current tax expense = taxable profit × current tax rate (read from source register).
• Income tax payable: posted to 2150 Income Tax Payable.

Deferred tax — temporary differences

Identify temporary differences between carrying amount and tax base, by asset / liability.

Origin	Direction
Accelerated tax depreciation vs accounting depreciation	Deferred tax liability (asset earlier deductible for tax).
Receivables allowance not yet tax-deductible	Deferred tax asset (future tax deduction).
Inventory NRV write-down not yet tax-deductible	Deferred tax asset.
Provisions not yet tax-deductible	Deferred tax asset.
Unused tax losses (where probable)	Deferred tax asset.
Revaluation of PPE	Deferred tax liability (through OCI / revaluation reserve).
Lease right-of-use asset minus lease liability (IFRS 16)	Net temporary difference (possibly DTL or DTA).

Deferred tax measured at the rate expected to apply when the difference reverses; current statutory rate where reversal pattern is uncertain.

Recognition of deferred tax assets

DTA recognised only to the extent it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference / tax loss can be utilised.

Under Section 29: same probable threshold; assessment less onerous than IAS 12 in some aspects but the principle is the same.

Valuation allowance

Where probable threshold is not met for some portion, the unrecognised DTA is disclosed as a tax loss / temporary difference with no carrying amount.

Presentation

• Current tax assets and liabilities offset where legal right exists and intention to settle net.
• Deferred tax assets and liabilities offset where same authority and same taxable entity (or group with intention to settle net).
• Deferred tax balances are non-current; never current.
• Tax expense broken into current and deferred components in the SOCI.
• Tax effect of items recognised in OCI / equity goes through OCI / equity, not P&L.

Tax-rate reconciliation (disclosure)

Profit before tax × statutory rate                 = (a)
+ effect of non-deductible expenses                = (b)
- effect of non-taxable income                     = (c)
+/- effect of changes in tax rates                 = (d)
+/- effect of unrecognised / re-recognised DTA     = (e)
+/- effect of WHT credits utilised                 = (f)
+/- effect of group / consolidation items          = (g)
+/- other                                          = (h)
= Tax expense per books                            = (i)

The reconciliation is a year-end disclosure note item; the build supports the data behind it from the journals.

CoA implications

Account	Notes
2150 Income Tax Payable	Current liability.
1610 Tax Receivable — Income Tax	Where overpaid or carried forward.
1900 Deferred Tax Asset	Non-current.
2800 Deferred Tax Liability	Non-current.
9000 Current Income Tax Expense	P&L.
9100 Deferred Tax Expense / Credit	P&L (or OCI where appropriate).

Live-rate verification

Income tax rate (corporate, presumptive, small-taxpayer) — verified per doctrine/references/live-rate-verification-protocol.md. The system reads the rate from the source register at provision time; the source-register entry carries the verified rate, effective period, source URL, and date accessed.

Build implications

• A tax-base engine per asset / liability class.
• Temporary-difference computation by class at each reporting date.
• Recognition rule per DTA: probability assessment captured.
• Tax-rate version control via source register.
• Journal generator for current tax and deferred tax provisions.
• Tax-rate reconciliation report.
• Audit-trail of every assumption, with reviewer sign-off.

Forbidden patterns

• Deferred tax computed on intangible (e.g. on goodwill initial recognition in scenarios where IFRS forbids).
• DTA recognised without probability assessment (blocker).
• Tax rate hardcoded in code or templates (blocker).
• Current tax presented as non-current (blocker).
• Tax-rate reconciliation missing in disclosures for full IFRS entities (major).

Acceptance evidence

• Tax-base reconciliation by class.
• Temporary-difference register.
• Recognition decisions logged per DTA component.
• Source-register entry for the current tax rate verified-current.
• Tax provision journals via posting service.
• Tax-rate reconciliation disclosure.

Files

• SKILL.md.
• references/temporary-difference-catalog.md.
• references/recognition-checklist.md.
• examples/sme-tax-provision-2026-04.md.

Last reviewed: 2026-05-12. Next review due: 2026-11-12.

Prerequisites

• Load doctrine/accounting-finance-doctrine.md before applying this skill.
• Load governance/finance-accounting-quality-gate.md when the output is a release, client artefact, SRS, SDS, proposal, business plan, or implementation plan.
• Use doctrine/source-register/ for final statutory, tax, payroll, FX, EFRIS, eTIMS, or authority-template values.

Inputs

Artifact	Produced by	Required?	Validation
Finance context map	finance-module-audit	Required	Entity, framework, jurisdiction, modules, users, and deployment context are named.
Doctrine baseline	Doctrine owner	Required	Doctrine version and reporting framework are stated.
Source-register snapshot	tax-statutory-source-register-and-country-packs	Required for final statutory output	Entries are verified-current or reviewer-approved verified-with-caveat.
Ledger/posting context	ledger-posting-engine-core	Required when postings are affected	Posting boundary, CoA mappings, control accounts, dimensions, and period state are known.

Outputs

Artifact	Consumed by	Acceptance evidence
Skill-specific decision record	Implementer, reviewer, quality gate	Scope, assumptions, chosen treatment, rejected alternatives, and caveats are recorded.
Implementation or workflow contract	Software, SRS, SDS, proposal, or business-plan engine	Contract names inputs, outputs, controls, evidence, and failure conditions.
Acceptance evidence	Finance quality gate	Tests, fixtures, examples, source links, reviewer sign-off, or evidence-pack references are present.
Plain-language explanation	Client, owner, manager, operator	Business meaning is stated before technical accounting treatment where client-facing.

Decision Rules

• Prefer IFRS for SMEs for typical SME entities unless full IFRS, local law, donor requirements, or client policy requires otherwise.
• Treat every money-touching workflow as ledger, control, reconciliation, evidence, and reporting scope.
• Do not finalize statutory values without source-register support and reviewer status.
• Use business-language output for operators and accountant-language output for ledger, reporting, and audit users.
• Escalate uncertain framework, tax, or statutory interpretations to the required reviewer role instead of presenting them as final.

Acceptance Evidence

• Inputs and outputs above are present or explicitly marked not applicable.
• Relevant quality-gate blockers have been checked and no blocker remains unresolved.
• Examples or fixtures cover at least one happy path and one failure or caveat path for this skill's domain.
• Reviewer role, review date, and open caveats are recorded for release-grade artefacts.

Anti-Patterns

• Treating draft planning assumptions as final statutory or accounting facts.
• Hiding tax, payroll, FX, or authority-template caveats in prose instead of source-register state.
• Producing technically correct accounting output without a plain-language layer for non-accountant users.
• Closing a remediation or implementation item without observable evidence.

Required References

• doctrine/accounting-finance-doctrine.md.
• governance/finance-accounting-quality-gate.md.
• docs/reference-manifest.md for declared reference states.
• Domain-specific references listed earlier in this skill.

Examples

• Include at least one normal workflow example for this skill's domain.
• Include at least one exception, rejection, reversal, stale-source, or reviewer-caveat example where the domain can fail.

Review Metadata

Last reviewed: 2026-05-15. Next review due: 2026-11-15.