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Related occupations SOC
Based on SOC occupation classification
name graphql-security description Secure GraphQL APIs - authentication, authorization, rate limiting, and validation sasmp_version 1.3.0 bonded_agent 06-graphql-security bond_type PRIMARY_BOND version 2.0.0 complexity advanced estimated_time 5-7 hours prerequisites ["graphql-fundamentals","graphql-resolvers","graphql-apollo-server"]
GraphQL Security Skill
Protect your GraphQL APIs from attacks
Overview
Learn essential security patterns for GraphQL: JWT authentication, role-based authorization, rate limiting, query complexity limits, and input validation.
Security Checklist
Check Priority Implementation Authentication Critical JWT with refresh tokens Authorization Critical Field-level with graphql-shield Rate Limiting Critical Per-user/IP with Redis Query Depth High graphql-depth-limit Query Complexity High graphql-query-complexity Introspection High Disable in production Input Validation High Validate all inputs Error Masking Medium Hide internal errors
Core Patterns
1. JWT Authentication
import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken' ;
function createTokens (user ) {
const accessToken = jwt.sign (
{ userId : user.id , roles : user.roles },
process.env .JWT_SECRET ,
{ expiresIn : '15m' }
);
const refreshToken = jwt.sign (
{ userId : user.id },
process.env .JWT_REFRESH_SECRET ,
{ expiresIn : }
);
{ accessToken, refreshToken };
}
= ( ) => {
token = req. . ?. ( , );
user = ;
(token) {
{
payload = jwt. (token, process. . );
user = db. . (payload. );
} (e) {
}
}
{ user };
};
resolvers = {
: {
: (_, { email, password }) => {
user = db. . (email);
(!user || ! bcrypt. (password, user. )) {
( , {
: { : }
});
}
{ ... (user), user };
},
},
};
'7d'
return
const
context
async
{ req }
const
headers
authorization
replace
'Bearer '
''
let
null
if
try
const
verify
env
JWT_SECRET
await
users
findById
userId
catch
return
const
Mutation
login
async
const
await
users
findByEmail
if
await
compare
passwordHash
throw
new
GraphQLError
'Invalid credentials'
extensions
code
'UNAUTHORIZED'
return
createTokens
2. Authorization with graphql-shield import { rule, shield, and, or } from 'graphql-shield' ;
const isAuthenticated = rule ()((_, __, { user } ) => user !== null );
const isAdmin = rule ()((_, __, { user } ) =>
user?.roles ?.includes ('ADMIN' )
);
const isOwner = rule ()(async (_, { id }, { user, dataSources }) => {
const resource = await dataSources.findById (id);
return resource?.userId === user?.id ;
});
const permissions = shield ({
Query : {
me : isAuthenticated,
users : and (isAuthenticated, isAdmin),
user : and (isAuthenticated, or (isOwner, isAdmin)),
},
Mutation : {
updateUser : and (isAuthenticated, or (isOwner, isAdmin)),
deleteUser : and (isAuthenticated, isAdmin),
},
User : {
email : or (isOwner, isAdmin),
privateField : isOwner,
},
}, {
fallbackError : new GraphQLError ('Not authorized' ),
});
import { applyMiddleware } from 'graphql-middleware' ;
const protectedSchema = applyMiddleware (schema, permissions);
3. Rate Limiting
import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit' ;
app.use ('/graphql' , rateLimit ({
windowMs : 15 * 60 * 1000 ,
max : 100 ,
keyGenerator : (req ) => req.user ?.id || req.ip ,
}));
const typeDefs = gql`
directive @rateLimit ( max : Int! , window : String! ) on FIELD_DEFINITION
type Mutation {
login( email : String! , password : String! ) : AuthPayload!
@rateLimit ( max : 5 , window : "15m" )
sendEmail( input : SendEmailInput! ) : Boolean!
@rateLimit ( max : 10 , window : "1h" )
}
` ;
4. Query Limits import depthLimit from 'graphql-depth-limit' ;
import { createComplexityLimitRule } from 'graphql-validation-complexity' ;
const server = new ApolloServer ({
typeDefs,
resolvers,
validationRules : [
depthLimit (10 ),
createComplexityLimitRule (1000 , {
scalarCost : 1 ,
objectCost : 2 ,
listFactor : 10 ,
}),
],
introspection : process.env .NODE_ENV !== 'production' ,
});
5. Input Validation import validator from 'validator' ;
import xss from 'xss' ;
const validate = {
email : (v ) => {
if (!validator.isEmail (v)) throw new Error ('Invalid email' );
return validator.normalizeEmail (v);
},
password : (v ) => {
if (v.length < 8 ) throw new Error ('Password too short' );
if (!/[A-Z]/ .test (v)) throw new Error ('Need uppercase' );
if (!/[0-9]/ .test (v)) throw new Error ('Need number' );
return v;
},
html : (v ) => xss (v),
};
const resolvers = {
Mutation : {
createUser : async (_, { input }) => {
const clean = {
email : validate.email (input.email ),
password : validate.password (input.password ),
bio : input.bio ? validate.html (input.bio ) : null ,
};
return db.users .create (clean);
},
},
};
6. Error Masking const server = new ApolloServer ({
formatError : (error ) => {
console .error (error);
if (process.env .NODE_ENV === 'production' ) {
if (error.extensions ?.code === 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR' ) {
return { message : 'Internal error' , extensions : { code : 'INTERNAL_ERROR' } };
}
}
return error;
},
});
Security Headers import helmet from 'helmet' ;
import cors from 'cors' ;
app.use (helmet ());
app.use (cors ({
origin : process.env .ALLOWED_ORIGINS ?.split (',' ),
credentials : true ,
}));
app.use (express.json ({ limit : '100kb' }));
Troubleshooting Issue Cause Solution Token always invalid Clock skew Add grace period Rate limit bypass Wrong key Use user ID when authenticated Auth not working Context async Await context setup Introspection exposed Wrong env check Verify NODE_ENV
Security Testing
curl -X POST $API \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"query":"{ __schema { types { name } } }"}'
for i in {1..20}; do
curl -X POST $API \
-d '{"query":"mutation { login(email:\"x\",password:\"y\") { token } }"}'
done
curl -X POST $API \
-d '{"query":"{ user { posts { author { posts { author { id } } } } } }"}'
Usage Skill("graphql-security")
Related Skills
graphql-apollo-server - Server configuration
graphql-resolvers - Auth in resolvers
graphql-schema-design - Auth-aware schema
Related Agent
06-graphql-security - For detailed guidance