| name | exploring-llm-costs |
| description | Investigate LLM spend in PostHog — total cost over time, cost by model, provider, user, trace, or custom dimension, token and cache-hit economics, and cost regressions. Use when the user asks "how much are we spending on LLMs?", "which model / user / feature is most expensive?", "why did cost spike?", wants to build a cost dashboard or alert, or pastes a trace URL and asks about its cost.
|
Exploring LLM costs
PostHog attaches per-call cost metadata to every $ai_generation and $ai_embedding
event at ingestion time. Every cost question reduces to an aggregation over those
two event types — the interesting variation is only in how you group, filter, and
compare.
This skill covers the common cost investigations: total spend, breakdowns
(model, provider, user, trace, custom property), token and cache-hit analysis,
regression debugging, and materializing results as insights, dashboards, or alerts.
Tools
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|
posthog:execute-sql | Ad-hoc HogQL for any cost aggregation — the workhorse of this skill |
posthog:query-llm-traces-list | List traces with rolled-up cost, token, and error metrics |
posthog:query-llm-trace | Cost breakdown of a single trace across all its events |
posthog:read-data-schema | Discover which custom properties exist for breakdowns |
posthog:insight-create | Materialize a cost chart as a saved insight |
posthog:dashboard-create | Bundle cost insights into a dashboard |
posthog:alert-create | Alert when cost crosses a threshold |
Core rules
Three rules cover most of what goes wrong:
- Sum
$ai_total_cost_usd for rollups, never the components. Components drop
request and web-search fees. The UI's cost cells sum $ai_total_cost_usd
over event IN ('$ai_generation', '$ai_embedding'); mirror that. Full
schema and rationale in cost properties.
- Always include both
$ai_generation and $ai_embedding in cost queries
unless the project demonstrably does not use embeddings — missing them silently
under-counts. $ai_trace and $ai_span carry no rollup cost; some SDK
wrappers duplicate $ai_total_cost_usd onto $ai_trace so don't include
it in rollups or you'll double-count.
- Always set a time range. Cost queries without one scan the full events table.
$ai_total_cost_usd is set at ingestion via one of three paths (passthrough,
custom pricing, automatic lookup). When a cost looks wrong, read
$ai_cost_model_source first — see cost sources
for the precedence rules and a diagnostic query.
Cache-hit math depends on whether the provider reports cache tokens inclusively
or exclusively of $ai_input_tokens. Always branch on the per-event
$ai_cache_reporting_exclusive flag, never on provider name — see
cache accounting for the exclusive-vs-inclusive
formula.
distinct_id is the canonical user dimension. Customers often attach custom
properties (feature, tenant_id, workflow_name) — discover them with
posthog:read-data-schema before grouping. Don't guess names.
Workflow: total spend in a window
posthog:execute-sql
SELECT round(sum(toFloat(properties.$ai_total_cost_usd)), 4) AS total_cost_usd
FROM events
WHERE event IN ('$ai_generation', '$ai_embedding')
AND timestamp >= now() - INTERVAL 30 DAY
Workflow: cost breakdowns
Every cost question is a variation of the same template — group by a dimension,
aggregate $ai_total_cost_usd. See breakdown patterns
for ready-to-run recipes:
- Cost over time (daily)
- Cost by model
- Cost by user (top spenders)
- Cost by trace (top expensive traces)
- Cost by custom dimension
- Cost-per-call distribution
- Input vs output vs cache economics
Workflow: inspect a single trace's cost
When the user pastes a trace URL and asks about its cost, fetch the trace and
surface the per-event breakdown:
posthog:query-llm-trace
{ "traceId": "<trace_id>", "dateRange": {"date_from": "-30d"} }
Sum $ai_total_cost_usd across the returned events, grouped by span name or
model, to show which step(s) drove the cost. The trace response already
includes totalCost as a convenience.
Workflow: debug a cost regression
"Our LLM bill jumped — why?" is almost always one of: more calls, bigger
prompts, a new model, or a change in cache-hit rate. Work through them in
order — see regression debugging for
the 5-step playbook.
Workflow: materialize as an insight, dashboard, or alert
After ad-hoc queries answer the question, persist them as insights, bundle
into a dashboard, or wire up alerts. See materializing
for ready-to-run JSON for posthog:insight-create, posthog:dashboard-create,
and posthog:alert-create.
Constructing UI links
- Dashboard:
https://app.posthog.com/ai-observability/dashboard
- Traces list (sort by cost):
https://app.posthog.com/ai-observability/traces
- Generations list:
https://app.posthog.com/ai-observability/generations
- Users list (per-user cost):
https://app.posthog.com/ai-observability/users
- Single trace:
https://app.posthog.com/ai-observability/traces/<trace_id>?timestamp=<url_encoded_iso>
Always surface a UI link so the user can verify visually.
Keeping this skill current
Provider reporting behavior (which tokens are inclusive vs exclusive,
which costs show up where) shifts over time and can differ between SDK
versions for the same provider. To avoid rot:
- Branch on event-level flags (
$ai_cache_reporting_exclusive,
$ai_cost_model_source) rather than hardcoded provider or model names.
Those flags are ingestion's resolved answer for the specific event and
are the right source of truth.
$ai_total_cost_usd is always authoritative for rollups — prefer it
over summing components, which can drift as new cost categories are
added.- For anything not covered here (new cost categories, changes to
pricing lookup, provider additions), run
posthog:docs-search for
"calculating costs" or "AI observability" first rather than trusting a
hardcoded rule in this file.
- If you find this skill contradicting the UI, trust the UI and flag
the skill for an update.
Tips
- Always set a time range — cost queries without one scan the full events table
- Token, cost, model, and
$ai_trace_id properties are on events — but message content ($ai_input / $ai_output_choices) lives only on the posthog.ai_events table; see the traces skill's event reference if you need content alongside cost
- Always include
$ai_embedding alongside $ai_generation when summing cost; embeddings are cheap per-call but add up at scale
- Costs are written at ingestion (see Calculating LLM costs) — if
$ai_total_cost_usd is missing or zero, read $ai_cost_model_source first: passthrough means the SDK supplied costs; custom means custom token prices; openrouter / manual mean automatic lookup; missing means the model wasn't matched (unusual custom model, fine-tune). Grep: countIf(properties.$ai_total_cost_usd IS NULL) per (model, source)
- Custom pricing uses per-token prices, not per-million — if a custom-priced model looks ~1M× too expensive or too cheap, that's almost always the bug
- Exclude errored calls from cost totals only when explicitly asked — providers still charge for many error modes, and including them gives the truthful bill
- For per-user totals, exclude rows where
distinct_id = properties.$ai_trace_id — some SDKs default distinct_id to the trace ID when no user is set
- Cost is additive across
$ai_generation + $ai_embedding events within a trace; summing on $ai_span gives zero. $ai_trace may carry $ai_total_cost_usd from some SDK wrappers — don't include it in rollups or you'll double-count. $ai_evaluation events also carry cost but are not part of the stock UI rollups; include them only when the user explicitly wants evaluation spend in the total
- Cache-hit rate depends on
$ai_cache_reporting_exclusive — branch on the event-level flag rather than on provider or model name. Provider behavior and SDK versions drift; the flag is ingestion's resolved answer for that specific event
- When answering "why is X expensive?", show the cost and the token split — the user almost always wants to know whether to shrink prompts, shrink outputs, or switch models
References
