GraphQL gives clients exactly the data they need - no more, no less. One endpoint, typed schema, introspection. But the flexibility that makes it powerful also makes it dangerous. Without proper contr
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GraphQL gives clients exactly the data they need - no more, no less. One endpoint, typed schema, introspection. But the flexibility that makes it powerful also makes it dangerous. Without proper contr
GraphQL gives clients exactly the data they need - no more, no less. One
endpoint, typed schema, introspection. But the flexibility that makes it
powerful also makes it dangerous. Without proper controls, clients can
craft queries that bring down your server.
This skill covers schema design, resolvers, DataLoader for N+1 prevention,
federation for microservices, and client integration with Apollo/urql.
Key insight: GraphQL is a contract. The schema is the API documentation.
Design it carefully.
2025 lesson: GraphQL isn't always the answer. For simple CRUD, REST is
simpler. For high-performance public APIs, REST with caching wins. Use
GraphQL when you have complex data relationships and diverse client needs.
Principles
Schema-first design - the schema is the contract
Prevent N+1 queries with DataLoader
Limit query depth and complexity
Use fragments for reusable selections
Mutations should be specific, not generic update operations
Errors are data - use union types for expected failures
Nullability is meaningful - design it intentionally
Capabilities
graphql-schema-design
graphql-resolvers
graphql-federation
graphql-subscriptions
graphql-dataloader
graphql-codegen
apollo-server
apollo-client
urql
Scope
database-queries -> postgres-wizard
authentication -> authentication-oauth
rest-api-design -> backend
websocket-infrastructure -> backend
Tooling
Server
@apollo/server - When: Apollo Server v4 Note: Most popular GraphQL server
graphql-yoga - When: Lightweight alternative Note: Good for serverless