gws-hebrew-email-automation

name	gws-hebrew-email-automation
description	Gmail automation for Israeli freelancers using the Google Workspace CLI (gws). Use when user asks to draft Hebrew client emails, send payment reminders in Shekels, triage inbox with Hebrew labels, set up Gmail filters for Israeli services, or save drafts for later send that respect Israeli business hours. Key capabilities include bilingual email drafting via gws gmail +send, payment reminder sequences with ILS amounts, Hebrew-aware inbox labeling, and draft-then-send workflows for Shabbat-aware delivery. Do NOT use for non-Gmail email providers, Microsoft Outlook automation, or CRM-level contact management.
license	MIT
allowed-tools	Bash(gws:*) Bash(npx:*) Bash(npm:*) WebFetch Read Write Edit
compatibility	Requires Node.js 18+, a Google Cloud project with the Gmail API enabled, and the Google Workspace CLI (npm install -g @googleworkspace/cli). User must run gws auth setup once (to create OAuth credentials) and gws auth login to grant Gmail scopes. Works with Claude Code, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Windsurf, OpenCode, Codex, Gemini CLI.

GWS Hebrew Email Automation

Instructions

Step 1: Install and Authenticate gws

Before any Gmail command, confirm gws is installed and authenticated. gws is a community-built Rust binary distributed on npm as @googleworkspace/cli. It is not an officially supported Google product, so the user must provide their own Google Cloud project and OAuth client.

# Check version (latest is 0.22.x)
gws --version

# Install globally if missing
npm install -g @googleworkspace/cli

# First-time setup: walks through GCP project, enables Gmail API,
# creates a Desktop OAuth client. Requires gcloud CLI.
gws auth setup

# Log in and grant Gmail scopes (prompts a browser)
gws auth login --scopes gmail

# Confirm you are authenticated
gws auth status

If gws auth setup cannot find gcloud, open the Google Cloud Console, create a project, enable the Gmail API, create a Desktop-type OAuth client, and save the downloaded JSON to ~/.config/gws/client_secret.json. Then run gws auth login --scopes gmail.

Tokens are encrypted at rest (AES-256-GCM) and refreshed automatically, so there is no separate refresh command.

Step 2: Draft and Send Bilingual Hebrew/English Emails

When the user needs to send a professional email to an Israeli client, compose the email with Hebrew as the primary language and an optional English section below.

Email structure for Israeli business communication:

Section	Language	Guidelines
Subject line	Hebrew	Keep under 50 characters, include key action item
Greeting	Hebrew	Use formal שלום [שם], or informal היי [שם],
Body	Hebrew (primary)	Right-to-left, use native business terms
English section	English (optional)	Add below a separator if recipient may need it
Signature	Bilingual	Hebrew name first, English below

Sending an email with the +send helper:

The + prefix marks hand-crafted helper commands in gws, they exist alongside the auto-generated Discovery surface and never collide with Discovery method names. Real flags for gws gmail +send: --to, --subject, --body, --cc, --bcc, --from, --attach/-a, --html, --draft, --dry-run.

gws gmail +send \
  --to "[e-mail]" \
  --subject "הצעת מחיר - פרויקט פיתוח אתר" \
  --body "שלום רב,

מצורפת הצעת המחיר עבור פרויקט פיתוח האתר כפי שדובר.

סה\"כ: 15,000 ש\"ח (לא כולל מע\"מ)
תנאי תשלום: שוטף + 30

אשמח לתשובתך.

בברכה,
[שם]" \
  --dry-run

Important: Always run with --dry-run first to preview the full request. Remove the flag only after the user confirms the content. For user review before commit, use --draft to save the message as a Gmail draft instead of sending.

Formatting ILS (Shekel) amounts:

• Use the Shekel abbreviation: ש"ח (Shekel Chadash)
• Format: 15,000 ש"ח (comma-separated thousands, abbreviation after the number)
• For VAT: specify לא כולל מע"מ (excluding VAT) or כולל מע"מ (including VAT)
• Current Israeli VAT rate: 18% (raised from 17% on 1 January 2025 per the Arrangements Law). Use scripts/shekel-formatter.py --vat to compute the breakdown.

Step 3: Payment Reminder Email Sequences

For freelancer payment reminders, follow this escalation sequence:

Stage	Days Overdue	Tone	Subject Prefix
Friendly reminder	1-7	Polite, casual	תזכורת -
Second notice	8-21	Professional, firm	תזכורת שנייה -
Final notice	22-30	Formal, urgent	תזכורת אחרונה -
Overdue warning	30+	Legal tone	חשבונית באיחור -

Example: Friendly payment reminder saved as a draft for user review

gws gmail +send \
  --to "[e-mail]" \
  --subject "תזכורת - חשבונית מס' 1042 לתשלום" \
  --body "שלום [שם הלקוח],

רציתי להזכיר שחשבונית מס' 1042 על סך 8,500 ש\"ח (כולל מע\"מ) טרם שולמה.

פרטי החשבונית:
- מספר חשבונית: 1042
- תאריך הפקה: 15.01.2026
- סכום: 8,500 ש\"ח
- תנאי תשלום: שוטף + 30
- תאריך פירעון: 15.02.2026

אשמח אם תוכל/י לטפל בכך.

תודה רבה,
[שם]" \
  --draft

Save as --draft, then have the user open Gmail to review and click Send (or schedule from the Gmail UI).

Date formatting for Israeli invoices:

• Use DD.MM.YYYY format (Israeli standard)
• Payment terms: שוטף + 30 (net 30 from end of current month), שוטף + 45, שוטף + 60

Step 4: Triage the Inbox and Apply Hebrew Labels

The +triage helper is a read-only summary, it lists unread messages but does not label anything. To actually apply Hebrew labels to matching emails, combine three Discovery-surface commands: list labels, list messages matching a query, then modify each message to add the label.

4a. Show an unread inbox summary (read-only):

# Default: 20 most recent unread messages in a table
gws gmail +triage

# Narrow by Gmail search query
gws gmail +triage --max 10 --query "from:(leumi.co.il OR bankhapoalim.co.il)"

# Include label names per message
gws gmail +triage --labels

Flags accepted by +triage: --max, --query, --labels. No --from or --label flag exists.

4b. Create a Hebrew label (first time only):

gws gmail users labels create \
  --params '{"userId": "me"}' \
  --json '{"name": "בנקאות", "labelListVisibility": "labelShow", "messageListVisibility": "show"}' \
  --dry-run

Capture the returned id (for example Label_1234567890) for the next step.

4c. List messages matching a Gmail query, then apply the label:

# Find bank emails (use Gmail search syntax in `q`)
gws gmail users messages list \
  --params '{"userId": "me", "q": "from:(leumi.co.il OR bankhapoalim.co.il OR discountbank.co.il OR mizrahi-tefahot.co.il)", "maxResults": 50}' \
  | jq -r '.messages[].id' > /tmp/bank-msg-ids.txt

# Apply the label to each matched message
while read -r msg_id; do
  gws gmail users messages modify \
    --params "{\"userId\": \"me\", \"id\": \"$msg_id\"}" \
    --json '{"addLabelIds": ["Label_1234567890"]}' \
    --dry-run
done < /tmp/bank-msg-ids.txt

Label structure for Israeli freelancers:

Label (Hebrew)	Label (English)	Suggested q: query
בנקאות	Banking	from:(leumi.co.il OR bankhapoalim.co.il OR discountbank.co.il OR mizrahi-tefahot.co.il OR mercantile.co.il)
חשבוניות	Invoices	from:(greeninvoice.co.il OR icount.co.il OR ezcount.co.il OR hashavshevet.co.il)
ממשלתי	Government	from:(gov.il OR taxes.gov.il OR btl.gov.il)
לקוחות/פעיל	Clients/Active	User-defined client domains
קבלות	Receipts	from:(paybox.co.il OR bitpay.co.il OR paypal.com)

Step 5: Create Persistent Gmail Filters

Gmail filters auto-label incoming mail. There is no gws gmail +filter helper; use the Discovery-surface users settings filters create method with the real Gmail filter schema.

# Filter: label Israeli banking notifications
gws gmail users settings filters create \
  --params '{"userId": "me"}' \
  --json '{
    "criteria": {"from": "leumi.co.il OR bankhapoalim.co.il OR discountbank.co.il"},
    "action": {"addLabelIds": ["Label_1234567890"]}
  }' \
  --dry-run

# Filter: archive receipts automatically (skip inbox, apply label)
gws gmail users settings filters create \
  --params '{"userId": "me"}' \
  --json '{
    "criteria": {"from": "greeninvoice.co.il OR icount.co.il"},
    "action": {"addLabelIds": ["Label_2345678901"], "removeLabelIds": ["INBOX"]}
  }' \
  --dry-run

Use gws gmail users settings filters list --params '{"userId": "me"}' to audit existing filters and gws gmail users settings filters delete --params '{"userId": "me", "id": "FILTER_ID"}' to remove one.

Step 6: Respect Israeli Business Hours and Shabbat

gws gmail +send does not have a scheduled-send flag. Gmail's scheduled send is only available in the Gmail web and mobile UIs. To respect Israeli business customs from the CLI, save drafts with --draft and let the user review and send (or schedule) them from Gmail.

Rule	Details
Business days	Sunday through Thursday (ראשון עד חמישי)
Business hours	09:00-18:00 Israel time (IST winter UTC+2 / IDT summer UTC+3)
Friday	Work ends early, typically by 13:00-14:00
Erev Shabbat	Do NOT send after 14:00 on Friday
Shabbat	Do NOT send from Friday sunset to Saturday night
Jewish holidays	Avoid sending on Chagim

Recommended workflow:

# 1. Check current time in Israel
TZ=Asia/Jerusalem date

# 2. If outside business hours, save as draft for user review
gws gmail +send \
  --to "[e-mail]" \
  --subject "עדכון פרויקט" \
  --body "שלום,

מצורף עדכון שבועי לגבי התקדמות הפרויקט..." \
  --draft

# 3. Tell the user: draft was saved. Open Gmail, Drafts,
#    click Schedule send, and pick Sunday 09:00 Israel time.

Before drafting any outgoing email, check:

1. Is it Friday after 14:00 Israel time? Save as --draft and tell the user to schedule for Sunday 09:00.
2. Is it Shabbat (Friday sunset to Saturday night)? Save as --draft.
3. Is it after 18:00 on a weekday? Save as --draft and suggest next-morning send.
4. Is it a Jewish holiday in the Israeli calendar? Save as --draft.

Auto-detect Jewish holidays via the Hebcal API (free, CC-BY, no key required, rate-limited to 90 requests / 10 seconds):

# Is today a major Israeli holiday (yom tov, chol ha-mo'ed, or fast day)?
TODAY=$(TZ=Asia/Jerusalem date +%Y-%m-%d)
HOLIDAY=$(curl -s "https://www.hebcal.com/hebcal?v=1&cfg=json&maj=on&min=on&mod=on&nx=on&i=on&start=${TODAY}&end=${TODAY}" \
  | jq -r '.items[]? | select(.category=="holiday" or .category=="fast") | .title' | head -1)

if [ -n "$HOLIDAY" ]; then
  echo "Today is $HOLIDAY (Israeli observance). Save as --draft."
fi

The i=on flag scopes results to Israeli observance (one day of yom tov for Pesach/Sukkot, etc., versus diaspora). Pass cfg=json for the JSON shape. Erev chag and motzei chag are also returned with subcat keys (major for chag, roshchodesh for Rosh Chodesh, etc.); treat erev chag the same as Friday: do not send after ~14:00 Israel time.

Step 7: Anti-Spam Compliance (Section 30A) and Bulk-Sender Authentication

Before automating any outbound that goes to more than a handful of recipients, gate the workflow on Israel's anti-spam rules and Gmail's 2024-2025 bulk-sender rules.

Israel's spam law (Section 30A of the Communications Law (Broadcasting and Telecommunications), 5742-1982):

• "Davar pirsomet" (advertising content) cannot be sent via email, SMS, fax, or automated dialer without explicit prior consent of the recipient. Consent must be in writing (an opt-in checkbox or signed form, not pre-checked).
• Statutory damages: up to 1,000 NIS per offending message, awarded without proof of actual harm. Damages are cumulative, so a 500-recipient blast can expose the sender to 500,000 NIS in a class action.
• Criminal fine for knowing violation: up to 226,000 NIS (as of 2026, indexed annually).
• Every message must include:
  • The word פרסומת (advertisement) at the start of the subject line.
  • The sender's full name, full street address, and contact details.
  • A clear and prominent opt-out mechanism (an unsubscribe link or a reply-to-stop instruction), and the opt-out must be honored.
• Exemption: transactional and relationship messages to an existing customer about a product/service of the same kind they already bought, sent within 6 months of the purchase, are not "davar pirsomet", but a separate opt-out path is still required.

Bulk-sender rules (Gmail, in force since February 2024, enforcement ramped up November 2025):

If the user sends more than 5,000 messages/day to gmail.com addresses (e.g., a newsletter blast from @yourdomain.co.il):

Requirement	What to set up
SPF	DNS TXT record authorizing the sending IPs
DKIM	DNS TXT record with the public key, signing keys configured on the sending domain
DMARC	DNS TXT record at _dmarc.yourdomain.co.il, policy at least p=none for monitoring (move to quarantine/reject after audit)
RFC 8058 one-click unsubscribe	Both List-Unsubscribe: <https://...>, <mailto:...> AND List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe=One-Click headers
Spam complaint rate	Below 0.1% (red line at 0.3%)
Visible unsubscribe link	In the email body

A gws gmail +send --html blast from a Workspace account is subject to all of the above once you cross 5,000/day to Gmail addresses. The CLI does not add List-Unsubscribe headers automatically; you must build them into your --body HTML or use a transactional ESP (Resend, SendGrid, Mailgun) for the actual blast.

Practical workflow before drafting any outbound that resembles marketing:

1. Ask the user: is this message advertising content (offer, promotion, newsletter)? If yes, confirm the recipient has explicit written consent on file.
2. If marketing, prefix the subject with פרסומת - ... and append the sender's full details + a הסרה (unsubscribe) instruction to the body.
3. If volume is >100/day, recommend the user move the blast to a transactional ESP rather than gws gmail +send (Gmail's daily limit and authentication burden are not built for marketing volume).

Step 8: Watch for Incoming Emails (Advanced, Optional)

The +watch helper streams new emails as NDJSON using Gmail's push notifications over Google Pub/Sub. It requires a GCP project with Pub/Sub enabled and only filters by label IDs, not sender domains. Use it when the user needs real-time reactions (new invoice then Slack ping), not for passive inbox organization.

# One-off pull: fetch new messages in INBOX once, then exit
gws gmail +watch \
  --project my-gcp-project \
  --label-ids INBOX \
  --once

# Long-running watch with automatic Pub/Sub cleanup
gws gmail +watch \
  --project my-gcp-project \
  --label-ids INBOX,UNREAD \
  --cleanup \
  --output-dir ./incoming

Real flags: --project, --subscription, --topic, --label-ids, --max-messages, --poll-interval, --msg-format, --once, --cleanup, --output-dir. Gmail watch registrations expire after 7 days and must be renewed. If the user does not already have Pub/Sub set up, skip this step, the basic labeling workflow in Step 4 is sufficient for most freelancers.

Examples

Example 1: Israeli Freelancer Sends Payment Reminder

User says: "Send a payment reminder to [e-mail] for invoice 2045, 12,000 Shekels, it was due 10 days ago"

Actions:

1. Calculate the original due date (10 days ago from today)
2. Determine escalation stage: 8-21 days = "Second notice"
3. Draft Hebrew email with professional, firm tone
4. Format amount as 12,000 ש"ח
5. Include invoice details
6. Save as --draft for user review before sending

gws gmail +send \
  --to "[e-mail]" \
  --subject "תזכורת שנייה - חשבונית 2045 לתשלום" \
  --body "שלום דוד,

זוהי תזכורת שנייה לגבי חשבונית מס' 2045.

פרטי החשבונית:
- סכום: 12,000 ש\"ח
- תנאי תשלום: שוטף + 30
- סטטוס: באיחור של 10 ימים

אודה לטיפולך בהקדם.

בברכה,
[שם]" \
  --draft

Result: Email saved as a Gmail draft in professional Hebrew with correct Shekel formatting. User opens Gmail, Drafts, Send.

Example 2: Label Bank Emails with a Hebrew Label

User says: "Organize my inbox, label all bank emails with בנקאות"

Actions:

1. Create the Hebrew label if it does not exist, capture its id
2. List unread messages from Israeli banks with users messages list
3. For each matched message, apply the label with users messages modify
4. Report the count

# Create label (run once)
LABEL_ID=$(gws gmail users labels create \
  --params '{"userId": "me"}' \
  --json '{"name": "בנקאות"}' | jq -r '.id')

# List bank emails
gws gmail users messages list \
  --params '{"userId": "me", "q": "from:(leumi.co.il OR bankhapoalim.co.il OR discountbank.co.il OR mizrahi-tefahot.co.il)", "maxResults": 50}' \
  | jq -r '.messages[].id' > /tmp/bank-msgs.txt

# Apply label
while read -r id; do
  gws gmail users messages modify \
    --params "{\"userId\": \"me\", \"id\": \"$id\"}" \
    --json "{\"addLabelIds\": [\"$LABEL_ID\"]}"
done < /tmp/bank-msgs.txt

echo "Labeled $(wc -l < /tmp/bank-msgs.txt) bank messages under בנקאות"

Result: All matching bank emails carry the בנקאות label in Gmail.

Example 3: Draft an Email Instead of Sending on Friday Afternoon

User says: "Send a project update to the client, but it's Friday afternoon"

Actions:

1. Check current Israel time: TZ=Asia/Jerusalem date shows Friday 15:30 IDT
2. Determine this is after the 14:00 Friday cutoff (Erev Shabbat)
3. Save the message as a Gmail draft rather than sending
4. Tell the user to open Gmail Drafts and click Schedule send for Sunday 09:00

TZ=Asia/Jerusalem date
# Fri Apr 17 15:30:12 IDT 2026, past 14:00, do not send

gws gmail +send \
  --to "[e-mail]" \
  --subject "עדכון שבועי - פרויקט אתר" \
  --body "שלום,

מצורף עדכון שבועי לגבי התקדמות הפרויקט..." \
  --draft

Result: Draft saved. User informed that Friday-afternoon sends are deferred, open Gmail Drafts to review and schedule send for Sunday 09:00 Israel time.

Bundled Resources

Scripts

• scripts/shekel-formatter.py: Format currency amounts to Israeli Shekel (ILS) standard with proper notation and optional 18% VAT breakdown. Run: python scripts/shekel-formatter.py --help

References

• references/israeli-business-email-templates.md: Collection of Hebrew email templates for common freelancer scenarios: quotes, invoices, follow-ups, project updates. Consult when drafting professional Hebrew emails for Israeli clients.
• references/gws-gmail-commands.md: Quick reference for the real gws gmail commands used in this skill (+send, +triage, +watch, plus the Discovery-surface users.labels, users.messages.list/modify, users.settings.filters). Consult when constructing or troubleshooting gws calls.

Recommended MCP Servers

No Gmail or Google Workspace MCP servers are currently listed in the skills-il directory. If a user prefers tool-driven access over CLI commands, point them to gws auth setup and the instructions in Step 1, the CLI is the supported path.

Gotchas

• gws helper commands use a + prefix (gws gmail +send, gws gmail +triage, gws gmail +watch). Agents trained on other CLI conventions frequently drop the + and generate commands that error with "unknown subcommand". Always include the plus sign for helpers.
• gws gmail +send has no --schedule flag. Gmail's scheduled send only exists in the Gmail web and mobile UI. Agents that assume a --schedule flag will generate commands that error. Use --draft and tell the user to schedule from Gmail if they need deferred delivery.
• gws gmail +triage is read-only, it shows a table of unread messages but never modifies the mailbox. To actually apply labels, use the Discovery-surface users messages list plus users messages modify sequence in Step 4. Agents often conflate the two.
• Israeli business days are Sunday through Thursday, not Monday through Friday. Agents may schedule emails for Saturday or assume Friday is a full workday.
• Shekel amounts should be written as 15,000 ש"ח (abbreviation after the number), not ₪15,000. Agents may use USD/EUR symbol placement conventions.
• Israeli invoice dates use DD.MM.YYYY format (dot-separated), not DD/MM/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY.
• The standard Israeli payment term שוטף + 30 means net 30 from end of current month, not 30 days from the invoice date. A 01.01 invoice on שוטף + 30 is due 02.28, not 01.31.
• For gws gmail +send --html, Gmail and Outlook strip the dir="rtl" attribute from <body> and <html> tags for security. Hebrew renders left-aligned even though it reads right-to-left. Apply RTL with inline CSS on every block-level element: <p style="direction:rtl; text-align:right;">...</p>. Apple Mail and Yahoo honor dir="rtl" correctly, Gmail/Outlook need inline styles.
• Gmail bulk-sender rules (in force since February 2024, enforcement ramped November 2025) require SPF + DKIM + DMARC + RFC 8058 one-click unsubscribe once you cross 5,000 messages/day to gmail.com. gws gmail +send does not add List-Unsubscribe headers automatically, so agents that wire it into marketing blasts above this threshold will see deliveries silently rejected. Use a transactional ESP for volume.
• Israel's anti-spam law (Section 30A) imposes statutory damages of up to 1,000 NIS per offending email, with no need to prove harm. Marketing messages must (a) carry explicit written consent on file, (b) begin the subject with פרסומת, (c) include sender's full name + address, (d) offer a working הסרה (opt-out) mechanism. Skipping any of these is class-action exposure.

Reference Links

Source	URL	What to Check
Google Workspace CLI README	https://github.com/googleworkspace/cli/blob/main/README.md	Installation, auth flow, helper command list
gws gmail +send canonical skill	https://github.com/googleworkspace/cli/blob/main/skills/gws-gmail-send/SKILL.md	Exact flags accepted by +send
gws gmail +triage canonical skill	https://github.com/googleworkspace/cli/blob/main/skills/gws-gmail-triage/SKILL.md	+triage is read-only summary, flags --max, --query, --labels
gws gmail +watch canonical skill	https://github.com/googleworkspace/cli/blob/main/skills/gws-gmail-watch/SKILL.md	Pub/Sub requirements, --label-ids (not --from)
Gmail API users.settings.filters	https://developers.google.com/gmail/api/reference/rest/v1/users.settings.filters	Filter criteria/action schema for Step 5
Israeli VAT rate (18% from 1 Jan 2025, unchanged for 2026)	https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/dynamiccollectorresultitem/represent-info-051224-2/he/vat_represent-info-051224-2.pdf	Israel Tax Authority Interpretation Directive 1/2025: raising VAT from 17% to 18%. 2026 Budget kept the rate at 18%.
Section 30A (Israel anti-spam) summary	https://www.kolzchut.org.il/he/פיצוי_בגין_משלוח_דברי_פרסומת_ללא_הסכמה_של_הנמען_(חוק_הספאם)	1,000 NIS statutory damages per offending email; 226,000 NIS criminal fine (as of 2026); subject prefix פרסומת required
Gmail bulk-sender requirements	https://support.google.com/a/answer/81126	SPF + DKIM + DMARC + RFC 8058 one-click unsubscribe for senders ≥5,000 messages/day to Gmail; enforcement ramped November 2025
Gmail API quota	https://developers.google.com/workspace/gmail/api/reference/quota	Per-user per-minute 6,000 quota units (as of May 2026 quota refresh); messages.modify=5 units, messages.send=100 units
Gmail recipient limits	https://support.google.com/a/answer/166852	Consumer Gmail 500 recipients/day; Workspace 2,000/day via Gmail (10,000/day via SMTP relay)
Hebcal Jewish calendar REST API	https://www.hebcal.com/home/195/jewish-calendar-rest-api	Free JSON API for Israeli holiday detection; i=on for Israeli observance; 90 requests / 10s rate limit

Troubleshooting

Error: "gws: command not found"

Cause: @googleworkspace/cli is not installed or not on PATH. Solution: Install with npm install -g @googleworkspace/cli. Confirm with gws --version. You can also download a prebuilt binary from the GitHub Releases page and place it on your PATH.

Error: "Access blocked" or 403 during gws auth login

Cause: Your OAuth app is in testing mode and your Google account is not listed as a test user, or you requested too many scopes at once (unverified apps are capped at ~25). Solution: Open the OAuth consent screen in your GCP project, add your email under Test users, and retry with a narrow scope list: gws auth login --scopes gmail.

Error: accessNotConfigured, "Gmail API has not been used in project ..."

Cause: The Gmail API is not enabled on the GCP project tied to your OAuth client. Solution: Follow the enable_url printed in the error to the Cloud Console API library, click Enable, wait ~10 seconds, and retry. gws auth setup can also enable required APIs automatically.

Error: "unknown subcommand: send"

Cause: You typed gws gmail send instead of gws gmail +send. Helper commands in gws use the + prefix to distinguish them from auto-generated Discovery methods. Solution: Add the plus sign: gws gmail +send --to ... --subject ... --body ....

Error: "Label not found" when applying a label

Cause: The Hebrew label does not exist yet, or you used the label name instead of the label id. Solution: Create the label first with gws gmail users labels create --params '{"userId": "me"}' --json '{"name": "בנקאות"}', capture the returned id, and pass that id to addLabelIds in users messages modify.

Error: "Rate limit exceeded" when labeling many messages

Cause: Gmail API enforces per-user quota units per minute (6,000 units/user/project/minute per Gmail API quota docs, May 2026). Each users.messages.modify costs 5 units, so a tight loop can still trip the per-minute cap on large mailboxes. Solution: Add a small sleep 0.1 between modify calls or process messages in batches. For daily send limits, consumer Gmail is capped at 500 recipients/day and Google Workspace at 2,000 recipients/day via the Gmail API (10,000/day via SMTP relay on Workspace).