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springboot-tdd

使用 JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers 和 JaCoCo 进行 Spring Boot 的测试驱动开发(TDD)。在添加功能、修复 Bug 或进行重构时使用。 Use when this capability is needed.

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tomevault-io/tomes
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July 23, 2026 at 21:48
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springboot-tdd
description
使用 JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers 和 JaCoCo 进行 Spring Boot 的测试驱动开发(TDD)。在添加功能、修复 Bug 或进行重构时使用。 Use when this capability is needed.
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{"author":"codelably"}
# Spring Boot 测试驱动开发(TDD)工作流 针对 Spring Boot 服务的 TDD 指南,要求 80% 以上的覆盖率(单元测试 + 集成测试)。 ## 适用场景 - 开发新功能或端点(Endpoints) - 修复 Bug 或进行代码重构 - 添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则 ## 工作流 1) 先写测试(测试应当失败) 2) 实现最少量的代码以使测试通过 3) 在测试通过(Green)的前提下进行重构 4) 强制执行覆盖率检查(JaCoCo) ## 单元测试(JUnit 5 + Mockito) ```java @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) class MarketServiceTest { @Mock MarketRepository repo; @InjectMocks MarketService service; @Test void createsMarket() { CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat")); when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0)); Market result = service.create(req); assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name"); verify(repo).save(any()); } } ``` 模式: - Arrange-Act-Assert(准备-执行-断言) - 避免部分打桩(Partial Mocks);优先使用显式桩函数(Stubbing) - 使用 `@ParameterizedTest` 处理多种变体场景 ## Web 层测试(MockMvc) ```java @WebMvcTest(MarketController.class) class MarketControllerTest { @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc; @MockBean MarketService marketService; @Test void returnsMarkets() throws Exception { when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty()); mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets")) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray()); } } ``` ## 集成测试(SpringBootTest) ```java @SpringBootTest @AutoConfigureMockMvc @ActiveProfiles("test") class MarketIntegrationTest { @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc; @Test void createsMarket() throws Exception { mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content(""" {"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]} """)) .andExpect(status().isCreated()); } } ``` ## 持久层测试(DataJpaTest) ```java @DataJpaTest @AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE) @Import(TestContainersConfig.class) class MarketRepositoryTest { @Autowired MarketRepository repo; @Test void savesAndFinds() { MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity(); entity.setName("Test"); repo.save(entity); Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test"); assertThat(found).isPresent(); } } ``` ## Testcontainers - 使用可重用的容器(如 Postgres/Redis)来模拟生产环境 - 通过 `@DynamicPropertySource` 进行连接,将 JDBC URL 注入到 Spring 上下文中 ## 覆盖率(JaCoCo) Maven 配置片段: ```xml <plugin> <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId> <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>0.8.14</version> <executions> <execution> <goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals> </execution> <execution> <id>report</id> <phase>verify</phase> <goals><goal>report</goal></goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> ``` ## 断言(Assertions) - 为了提高可读性,优先选择 AssertJ (`assertThat`) - 对于 JSON 响应,使用 `jsonPath` - 对于异常测试:`assertThatThrownBy(...)` ## 测试数据构建器(Test Data Builders) ```java class MarketBuilder { private String name = "Test"; MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; } Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); } } ``` ## CI 命令 - Maven:`mvn -T 4 test` 或 `mvn verify` - Gradle:`./gradlew test jacocoTestReport` **记住**:保持测试快速、隔离且具有确定性。测试的是行为,而非实现细节。 --- > Source: [codelably/harmony-claude-code](https://github.com/codelably/harmony-claude-code) — distributed by [TomeVault](https://tomevault.io). <!-- tomevault:4.0:skill_md:2026-07-16 -->
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