auditing-azure-active-directory-configuration

name	auditing-azure-active-directory-configuration
description	Auditing Microsoft Entra ID (Azure Active Directory) configuration to identify risky authentication policies, overly permissive role assignments, stale accounts, conditional access gaps, and guest user risks using AzureAD PowerShell, Microsoft Graph API, and ScoutSuite.
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	cloud-security
tags	["cloud-security","azure","entra-id","active-directory","iam-audit","conditional-access"]
version	1.0
author	mahipal
license	Apache-2.0
nist_csf	["PR.IR-01","ID.AM-08","GV.SC-06","DE.CM-01"]

Auditing Azure Active Directory Configuration

When to Use

• When performing a security assessment of an Azure tenant's identity configuration
• When compliance audits require review of authentication policies, MFA enforcement, and role assignments
• When onboarding a new Azure tenant after merger or acquisition
• When investigating suspicious sign-in activity or compromised accounts
• When validating conditional access policies adequately protect against identity-based attacks

Do not use for on-premises Active Directory auditing (use PingCastle or BloodHound AD), for Azure resource-level RBAC auditing without identity context, or for real-time threat detection (use Microsoft Defender for Identity).

Prerequisites

• Global Reader or Security Reader role in the target Microsoft Entra ID tenant
• Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK installed (Install-Module Microsoft.Graph)
• Az CLI authenticated to the target tenant (az login --tenant TENANT_ID)
• ScoutSuite with Azure provider configured for automated assessment
• Access to Azure AD audit logs and sign-in logs (requires Azure AD Premium P1/P2)

Workflow

Step 1: Enumerate Tenant Configuration and Security Defaults

Assess the tenant's baseline identity security settings including security defaults and legacy authentication status.

# Connect to Microsoft Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Directory.Read.All","Policy.Read.All","AuditLog.Read.All"

# Get tenant details
Get-MgOrganization | Select-Object DisplayName, Id, VerifiedDomains

# Check if Security Defaults are enabled
Get-MgPolicyIdentitySecurityDefaultEnforcementPolicy | Select-Object IsEnabled

# List authentication methods policies
Get-MgPolicyAuthenticationMethodPolicy | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5

# Check legacy authentication status via Conditional Access
Get-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy | Where-Object {
    $_.Conditions.ClientAppTypes -contains "exchangeActiveSync" -or
    $_.Conditions.ClientAppTypes -contains "other"
} | Select-Object DisplayName, State

Step 2: Audit Privileged Role Assignments

Review directory role assignments to identify over-privileged users, permanent admin accounts, and risky role configurations.

# List all Global Administrator assignments
az rest --method GET \
  --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryRoles/filterByIds" \
  --body '{"ids":["62e90394-69f5-4237-9190-012177145e10"]}' | \
  az rest --method GET \
  --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryRoles?filter=displayName eq 'Global Administrator'" \
  --query  -o tsv


az rest --method GET \
  --url  \
  --query  \
  -o table


az ad user list --query  -o table


az rest --method GET \
  --url  \
  -o json