matlab-automation

# MATLAB 自动化技能 ## 快速开始 ### 环境要求 - Windows 系统 + MATLAB R2024a 已安装 - Python 3.8+ + `pywin32` (`pip install pywin32`) - MATLAB 安装路径: `D:\Matlab` ### 连接 MATLAB ```python import sys sys.path.insert(0, r"C:\Users\曾金昌\.claude\skills\matlab-automation\scripts") from matlab_connect import connect_matlab, execute_command, run_script # 连接MATLAB matlab = connect_matlab() # 执行命令 result = execute_command(matlab, "disp('MATLAB COM接口工作正常!')") # 运行脚本 result = run_script(matlab, "script.m") ``` ## 核心工作流 ### 1. COM接口连接 ```python import win32com.client import pythoncom def connect_matlab(): """通过COM接口连接MATLAB""" pythoncom.CoInitialize() matlab = win32com.client.Dispatch("MATLAB.Application") return matlab def disconnect_matlab(matlab): """断开MATLAB连接""" matlab.Execute("quit") pythoncom.CoUninitialize() ``` ### 2. 命令执行 ```python def execute_command(matlab, command, silent=False): """执行MATLAB命令""" try: if not silent: print(f"[MATLAB] 执行: {command[:80]}...") result = matlab.Execute(command) if not silent and result.strip(): print(f"[MATLAB] 结果: {result[:200]}...") return {"success": True, "result": result} except Exception as e: return {"success": False, "error": str(e)} ``` ### 3. 脚本运行 ```python def run_script(matlab, script_path): """运行MATLAB脚本文件""" import os if not os.path.exists(script_path): return {"error": f"脚本文件不存在: {script_path}"} with open(script_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: script_content = f.read() return execute_command(matlab, script_content) ``` ## 使用示例 ### 示例1: 基本计算 ```python from matlab_connect import connect_matlab, execute_command matlab = connect_matlab() # 数学计算 execute_command(matlab, "x = 2 + 3 * 4; disp(['结果: ', num2str(x)])") # 矩阵操作 execute_command(matlab, "A = magic(3); disp('3x3魔方矩阵:'); disp(A)") # 函数计算 execute_command(matlab, "x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 100); y = sin(x); plot(x, y); title('正弦函数');") disconnect_matlab(matlab) ``` ### 示例2: Simulink建模 ```python from matlab_connect import connect_matlab, execute_command matlab = connect_matlab() # 打开Simulink execute_command(matlab, "simulink") # 创建简单模型 execute_command(matlab, """ new_system('test_model'); open_system('test_model'); % 添加模块 add_block('simulink/Sources/Sine Wave', 'test_model/Sine'); add_block('simulink/Sinks/Scope', 'test_model/Scope'); % 连接模块 add_line('test_model', 'Sine/1', 'Scope/1'); % 设置参数 set_param('test_model/Sine', 'Amplitude', '2'); set_param('test_model/Sine', 'Frequency', '1'); % 保存模型 save_system('test_model'); """) disconnect_matlab(matlab) ``` ### 示例3: 控制系统设计 ```python from matlab_connect import connect_matlab, execute_command matlab = connect_matlab() # 创建传递函数 execute_command(matlab, """ % 创建传递函数 num = [1]; den = [1, 2, 1]; sys = tf(num, den); % 显示传递函数 disp('传递函数:'); disp(sys); % 绘制阶跃响应 figure; step(sys); title('阶跃响应'); % 绘制波特图 figure; bode(sys); title('波特图'); % 计算稳定性 [GM, PM, Wcg, Wcp] = margin(sys); disp(['增益裕度: ', num2str(20*log10(GM)), ' dB']); disp(['相位裕度: ', num2str(PM), ' 度']); """) disconnect_matlab(matlab) ``` ## 高级功能 ### 1. 数据交换 ```python def save_to_mat(matlab, variable_name, data, filename='data.mat'): """保存数据到MAT文件""" # 在MATLAB中创建变量 execute_command(matlab, f"{variable_name} = {data};") # 保存到文件 execute_command(matlab, f"save('{filename}', '{variable_name}');") def load_from_mat(filename='data.mat'): """从MAT文件加载数据到Python""" import scipy.io data = scipy.io.loadmat(filename) return data ``` ### 2. 批量处理 ```python def batch_process(matlab, commands): """批量执行MATLAB命令""" results = [] for cmd in commands: result = execute_command(matlab, cmd) results.append(result) return results ``` ### 3. 错误处理 ```python def safe_execute(matlab, command): """安全执行命令，返回结果或错误信息""" try: return execute_command(matlab, command) except Exception as e: return { "success": False, "error": str(e), "command": command } ``` ## Simulink建模案例 ### 案例1: 弹簧-质量-阻尼系统 ```matlab % 创建弹簧-质量-阻尼系统模型 new_system('spring_mass_damper'); open_system('spring_mass_damper'); % 参数 m = 1; % 质量 (kg) k = 10; % 弹簧系数 (N/m) c = 0.5; % 阻尼系数 (Ns/m) % 添加模块 add_block('simulink/Continuous/Integrator', 'spring_mass_damper/Integrator1'); add_block('simulink/Continuous/Integrator', 'spring_mass_damper/Integrator2'); add_block('simulink/Math Operations/Gain', 'spring_mass_damper/Gain1'); add_block('simulink/Math Operations/Gain', 'spring_mass_damper/Gain2'); add_block('simulink/Math Operations/Sum', 'spring_mass_damper/Sum'); add_block('simulink/Sources/Step', 'spring_mass_damper/Step'); add_block('simulink/Sinks/Scope', 'spring_mass_damper/Scope'); % 设置增益 set_param('spring_mass_damper/Gain1', 'Gain', num2str(-k/m)); set_param('spring_mass_damper/Gain2', 'Gain', num2str(-c/m)); % 连接模块 add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Step/1', 'Sum/1'); add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Gain1/1', 'Sum/2'); add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Gain2/1', 'Sum/3'); add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Sum/1', 'Integrator1/1'); add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Integrator1/1', 'Integrator2/1'); add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Integrator2/1', 'Gain1/1'); add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Integrator1/1', 'Gain2/1'); add_line('spring_mass_damper', 'Integrator2/1', 'Scope/1'); % 设置仿真参数 set_param('spring_mass_damper', 'StopTime', '10'); set_param('spring_mass_damper/Step', 'Time', '0'); set_param('spring_mass_damper/Step', 'Before', '0'); set_param('spring_mass_damper/Step', 'After', '1'); % 保存模型 save_system('spring_mass_damper'); ``` ### 案例2: PID控制器设计 ```matlab % 创建PID控制系统 new_system('pid_control'); open_system('pid_control'); % 添加模块 add_block('simulink/Sources/Step', 'pid_control/Reference'); add_block('simulink/Continuous/PID Controller', 'pid_control/PID'); add_block('simulink/Continuous/Transfer Fcn', 'pid_control/Plant'); add_block('simulink/Math Operations/Sum', 'pid_control/Sum'); add_block('simulink/Sinks/Scope', 'pid_control/Scope'); % 设置传递函数 (二阶系统) set_param('pid_control/Plant', 'Numerator', '[1]'); set_param('pid_control/Plant', 'Denominator', '[1, 2, 1]'); % 设置PID参数 set_param('pid_control/PID', 'P', '1.5'); set_param('pid_control/PID', 'I', '0.5'); set_param('pid_control/PID', 'D', '0.2'); % 连接模块 add_line('pid_control', 'Reference/1', 'Sum/1'); add_line('pid_control', 'Scope/1', 'Sum/2', 'autorouting', 'on'); add_line('pid_control', 'Sum/1', 'PID/1'); add_line('pid_control', 'PID/1', 'Plant/1'); add_line('pid_control', 'Plant/1', 'Scope/1'); % 设置仿真参数 set_param('pid_control', 'StopTime', '20'); % 保存模型 save_system('pid_control'); ``` ## 故障排除 ### 常见问题 1. **COM连接失败**: 确保MATLAB已安装且COM组件已注册 2. **命令执行错误**: 检查MATLAB语法，确保命令以分号结尾 3. **内存不足**: 定期清理MATLAB工作空间变量 4. **路径问题**: 确保MATLAB可执行文件路径正确 ### 调试技巧 ```python # 启用详细日志 def debug_execute(matlab, command): print(f"[DEBUG] 执行命令: {command}") result = execute_command(matlab, command, silent=False) print(f"[DEBUG] 结果: {result}") return result ``` ## 性能优化 1. **批量执行**: 将多个命令组合成脚本文件执行 2. **数据交换**: 使用MAT文件进行大数据传输 3. **内存管理**: 定期执行`clear`命令清理工作空间 4. **并行处理**: 复杂计算使用MATLAB的并行计算功能 ## 参考资料 - MATLAB官方文档: https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ - Simulink文档: https://www.mathworks.com/help/simulink/ - Python win32com文档: https://pypi.org/project/pywin32/ --- **技能路径**: `C:\Users\曾金昌\.claude\skills\matlab-automation` **MATLAB路径**: `D:\Matlab` **创建时间**: 2026-04-20