zustand

name	zustand
description	Zustand state management guide. Use when working with store code (src/store/**), implementing actions, managing state, or creating slices. Triggers on Zustand store development, state management questions, or action implementation.

LobeHub Zustand State Management

Action Type Hierarchy

1. Public Actions

Main interfaces for UI components:

• Naming: Verb form (createTopic, sendMessage)
• Responsibilities: Parameter validation, flow orchestration

2. Internal Actions (internal_*)

Core business logic implementation:

• Naming: internal_ prefix (internal_createTopic)
• Responsibilities: Optimistic updates, service calls, error handling
• Should not be called directly by UI

3. Dispatch Methods (internal_dispatch*)

State update handlers:

• Naming: internal_dispatch + entity (internal_dispatchTopic)
• Responsibilities: Calling reducers, updating store

When to Use Reducer vs Simple set

Use Reducer Pattern:

• Managing object lists/maps (messagesMap, topicMaps)
• Optimistic updates
• Complex state transitions

Use Simple set:

• Toggling booleans
• Updating simple values
• Setting single state fields

Optimistic Update Pattern

internal_createTopic: async (params) => {
  const tmpId = Date.now().toString();

  // 1. Immediately update frontend (optimistic)
  get().internal_dispatchTopic(
    { type: 'addTopic', value: { ...params, id: tmpId } },
    'internal_createTopic'
  );

  // 2. Call backend service
  const topicId = await topicService.createTopic(params);

  // 3. Refresh for consistency
  await get().refreshTopic();
  return topicId;
},

Delete operations: Don't use optimistic updates (destructive, complex recovery)

Naming Conventions

Actions:

• Public: createTopic, sendMessage

• Internal: internal_createTopic, internal_updateMessageContent

• Dispatch: internal_dispatchTopic State:

• ID arrays: topicEditingIds

• Maps: topicMaps, messagesMap

• Active: activeTopicId

• Init flags: topicsInit

Detailed Guides

• Action patterns: references/action-patterns.md
• Slice organization: references/slice-organization.md

Class-Based Action Implementation

We are migrating slices from plain StateCreator objects to class-based actions.

Pattern

• Define a class that encapsulates actions and receives (set, get, api) in the constructor.
• Use #private fields (e.g., #set, #get) to avoid leaking internals.
• Prefer shared typing helpers:
  • StoreSetter<T> from @/store/types for set.
  • Pick<ActionImpl, keyof ActionImpl> to expose only public methods.
• Export a create*Slice helper that returns a class instance.

type Setter = StoreSetter<HomeStore>;
export const createRecentSlice = (set: Setter, get: () => HomeStore, _api?: unknown) =>
  new RecentActionImpl(set, get, _api);

export class RecentActionImpl {
  readonly #get: () => HomeStore;
  readonly #set: Setter;

  constructor(set: Setter, get: () => HomeStore, _api?: unknown) {
    void _api;
    this.#set = set;
    this.#get = get;
  }

  useFetchRecentTopics = () => {
    // ...
  };
}

export type RecentAction = Pick<RecentActionImpl, keyof RecentActionImpl>;

Composition

• In store files, merge class instances with flattenActions (do not spread class instances).
• flattenActions binds methods to the original class instance and supports prototype methods and class fields.

const createStore: StateCreator<HomeStore, [['zustand/devtools', never]]> = (...params) => ({
  ...initialState,
  ...flattenActions<HomeStoreAction>([
    createRecentSlice(...params),
    createHomeInputSlice(...params),
  ]),
});

Multi-Class Slices

• For large slices that need multiple action classes, compose them in the slice entry using flattenActions.
• Use a local PublicActions<T> helper if you need to combine multiple classes and hide private fields.

type PublicActions<T> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] };

export type ChatGroupAction = PublicActions<
  ChatGroupInternalAction & ChatGroupLifecycleAction & ChatGroupMemberAction & ChatGroupCurdAction
>;

export const chatGroupAction: StateCreator<
  ChatGroupStore,
  [['zustand/devtools', never]],
  [],
  ChatGroupAction
> = (...params) =>
  flattenActions<ChatGroupAction>([
    new ChatGroupInternalAction(...params),
    new ChatGroupLifecycleAction(...params),
    new ChatGroupMemberAction(...params),
    new ChatGroupCurdAction(...params),
  ]);

Store-Access Types

• For class methods that depend on actions in other classes, define explicit store augmentations:
  • ChatGroupStoreWithSwitchTopic for lifecycle switchTopic
  • ChatGroupStoreWithRefresh for member refresh
  • ChatGroupStoreWithInternal for curd internal_dispatchChatGroup

Do / Don't

• Do: keep constructor signature aligned with StateCreator params (set, get, api).
• Do: use #private to avoid set/get being exposed.
• Do: use flattenActions instead of spreading class instances.
• Don't: keep both old slice objects and class actions active at the same time.