motion-scale

name	motion-scale
description	Generates animation duration, easing curves, and delay tokens with prefers-reduced-motion support. Use when creating transition timing, animation speed, or motion systems. Outputs CSS, Tailwind, or JSON.

Motion Scale Generator

Overview

Generate consistent animation and transition tokens for duration, easing, and delay. Creates a motion system that feels cohesive and respects user preferences for reduced motion.

When to Use

• Setting up animation tokens for a new project
• Standardizing transition timing across components
• Replacing hardcoded animation values
• Implementing reduced motion support
• Building micro-interaction patterns

Quick Reference: Duration Scale

Token	Value	Use Case
instant	0ms	Immediate, no animation
fastest	50ms	Micro-feedback (ripples, highlights)
fast	100ms	Hover, focus, small changes
normal	200ms	Most transitions, toggles
slow	300ms	Modals, drawers, reveals
slower	400ms	Page transitions, complex sequences
slowest	500ms	Elaborate animations, onboarding

Quick Reference: Easing Curves

Token	Curve	Use Case
linear	linear	Progress bars, looping
ease-in	cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1)	Exit animations
ease-out	cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1)	Enter animations (most common)
ease-in-out	cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1)	Move, resize, continuous
ease-bounce	cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1)	Playful, attention
ease-elastic	cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.55, 0.27, 1.55)	Springy, overshoot

The Process

1. Choose duration scale: How many steps? (5-7 typical)
2. Define base duration: 200ms is standard baseline
3. Select ratio: How durations scale (1.5x or 2x)
4. Pick easing curves: Standard set + any special curves
5. Create semantic aliases: Map to component behaviors
6. Add reduced motion: Respect user preferences
7. Choose format: CSS, Tailwind, or JSON

Output Formats

CSS Custom Properties:

:root {
  /* ===== Durations ===== */
  --duration-0: 0ms;
  --duration-50: 50ms;
  --duration-100: 100ms;
  --duration-150: 150ms;
  --duration-200: 200ms;
  --duration-300: 300ms;
  --duration-400: 400ms;
  --duration-500: 500ms;
  --duration-700: 700ms;
  --duration-1000: 1000ms;

  /* Named aliases */
  --duration-instant: var(--duration-0);
  --duration-fastest: var(--duration-50);
  --duration-fast: var(--duration-100);
  --duration-normal: var(--duration-200);
  --duration-slow: var(--duration-300);
  --duration-slower: var(--duration-500);
  --duration-slowest: var(--duration-700);

  /* ===== Easings ===== */
  --ease-linear: linear;
  --ease-in: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1);
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);
  --ease-in-out: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);

  /* Expressive easings */
  --ease-bounce: cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
  --ease-elastic: cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.55, 0.27, 1.55);
  --ease-snap: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1);

  /* Deceleration/Acceleration (Material Design style) */
  --ease-decelerate: cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);
  --ease-accelerate: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1);
  --ease-standard: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);

  /* ===== Delays ===== */
  --delay-none: 0ms;
  --delay-short: 50ms;
  --delay-medium: 100ms;
  --delay-long: 200ms;

  /* Stagger delays for sequential animations */
  --delay-stagger-1: 0ms;
  --delay-stagger-2: 50ms;
  --delay-stagger-3: 100ms;
  --delay-stagger-4: 150ms;
  --delay-stagger-5: 200ms;

  /* ===== Semantic Transitions ===== */
  --transition-colors: color, background-color, border-color, fill, stroke;
  --transition-opacity: opacity;
  --transition-transform: transform;
  --transition-shadow: box-shadow;
  --transition-all: all;

  /* Component transitions */
  --transition-hover: var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out);
  --transition-focus: var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out);
  --transition-active: var(--duration-fastest) var(--ease-out);
  --transition-enter: var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-out);
  --transition-exit: var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-in);
  --transition-move: var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-in-out);
  --transition-expand: var(--duration-slow) var(--ease-out);
  --transition-collapse: var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-in);
}

/* ===== Reduced Motion ===== */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  :root {
    --duration-50: 0ms;
    --duration-100: 0ms;
    --duration-150: 0ms;
    --duration-200: 0ms;
    --duration-300: 0ms;
    --duration-400: 0ms;
    --duration-500: 0ms;
    --duration-700: 0ms;
    --duration-1000: 0ms;
  }
}

/* Alternative: Keep minimal motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  :root {
    --duration-fastest: 0ms;
    --duration-fast: 0ms;
    --duration-normal: 50ms;  /* Minimal feedback */
    --duration-slow: 50ms;
    --duration-slower: 100ms;
    --duration-slowest: 100ms;

    /* Disable expressive easings */
    --ease-bounce: var(--ease-out);
    --ease-elastic: var(--ease-out);
  }
}

Tailwind Config:

module.exports = {
  theme: {
    extend: {
      transitionDuration: {
        '0': '0ms',
        '50': '50ms',
        '100': '100ms',
        '150': '150ms',
        '200': '200ms',
        '300': '300ms',
        '400': '400ms',
        '500': '500ms',
        '700': '700ms',
        '1000': '1000ms',
      },
      transitionTimingFunction: {
        'in': 'cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1)',
        'out': 'cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1)',
        'in-out': 'cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1)',
        'bounce': 'cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1)',
        'elastic': 'cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.55, 0.27, 1.55)',
        'snap': 'cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1)',
      },
      transitionDelay: {
        '0': '0ms',
        '50': '50ms',
        '100': '100ms',
        '150': '150ms',
        '200': '200ms',
      },
      animation: {
        'fade-in': 'fade-in 200ms ease-out',
        'fade-out': 'fade-out 150ms ease-in',
        'slide-up': 'slide-up 200ms ease-out',
        'slide-down': 'slide-down 200ms ease-out',
        'scale-in': 'scale-in 200ms ease-out',
        'spin-slow': 'spin 2s linear infinite',
      },
      keyframes: {
        'fade-in': {
          '0%': { opacity: '0' },
          '100%': { opacity: '1' },
        },
        'fade-out': {
          '0%': { opacity: '1' },
          '100%': { opacity: '0' },
        },
        'slide-up': {
          '0%': { transform: 'translateY(10px)', opacity: '0' },
          '100%': { transform: 'translateY(0)', opacity: '1' },
        },
        'slide-down': {
          '0%': { transform: 'translateY(-10px)', opacity: '0' },
          '100%': { transform: 'translateY(0)', opacity: '1' },
        },
        'scale-in': {
          '0%': { transform: 'scale(0.95)', opacity: '0' },
          '100%': { transform: 'scale(1)', opacity: '1' },
        },
      },
    },
  },
};

JSON Tokens:

{
  "motion": {
    "duration": {
      "0": { "value": "0ms", "type": "duration" },
      "50": { "value": "50ms", "type": "duration" },
      "100": { "value": "100ms", "type": "duration" },
      "200": { "value": "200ms", "type": "duration" },
      "300": { "value": "300ms", "type": "duration" },
      "500": { "value": "500ms", "type": "duration" }
    },
    "easing": {
      "linear": { "value": "linear", "type": "cubicBezier" },
      "ease-in": { "value": "cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1)", "type": "cubicBezier" },
      "ease-out": { "value": "cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1)", "type": "cubicBezier" },
      "ease-in-out": { "value": "cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1)", "type": "cubicBezier" },
      "bounce": { "value": "cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1)", "type": "cubicBezier" }
    },
    "delay": {
      "none": { "value": "0ms", "type": "duration" },
      "short": { "value": "50ms", "type": "duration" },
      "medium": { "value": "100ms", "type": "duration" }
    }
  }
}

---

Easing Curve Reference

Standard Curves

ease-out (enter/appear):
    ●━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━●
    Fast start, gentle stop
    Best for: Elements entering view

ease-in (exit/leave):
    ●━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━●
    Gentle start, fast end
    Best for: Elements leaving view

ease-in-out (move/resize):
    ●━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━●
    Gentle start and end
    Best for: Elements moving position

linear (progress):
    ●━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━●
    Constant speed
    Best for: Progress bars, spinners

Expressive Curves

bounce (playful):
    ●━━━━━━━━╮
            ╰━━━●
    Overshoots then settles
    Best for: Notifications, confirmations

elastic (springy):
    ●━━━╮   ╭━╮
        ╰━━━╯ ╰●
    Oscillates before settling
    Best for: Attention, drag-and-drop

snap (decisive):
    ●━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━●
    Very fast deceleration
    Best for: Snapping, selections

Custom Curve Creation

/*
  cubic-bezier(x1, y1, x2, y2)

  x1, y1 = First control point (affects start)
  x2, y2 = Second control point (affects end)

  y values > 1 = overshoot
  y values < 0 = anticipation
*/

/* Dramatic entrance */
--ease-dramatic: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);

/* Snappy with slight overshoot */
--ease-snappy: cubic-bezier(0.2, 1.2, 0.3, 1);

/* Gentle float */
--ease-float: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.2, 0.2, 1);

---

Component Patterns

Button Hover

.button {
  transition:
    background-color var(--transition-hover),
    transform var(--transition-active);
}

.button:hover {
  background-color: var(--color-primary-600);
}

.button:active {
  transform: scale(0.98);
}

Modal Enter/Exit

.modal-backdrop {
  transition: opacity var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-out);
}

.modal-content {
  transition:
    opacity var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-out),
    transform var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-out);
}

/* Enter */
.modal-backdrop.entering { opacity: 0; }
.modal-backdrop.entered { opacity: 1; }
.modal-content.entering { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.95) translateY(10px); }
.modal-content.entered { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }

/* Exit (faster) */
.modal-backdrop.exiting {
  opacity: 0;
  transition-duration: var(--duration-fast);
}
.modal-content.exiting {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0.95);
  transition-duration: var(--duration-fast);
}

Dropdown Menu

.dropdown-menu {
  transform-origin: top;
  transition:
    opacity var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out),
    transform var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out);
}

.dropdown-menu[data-state="closed"] {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scaleY(0.9);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.dropdown-menu[data-state="open"] {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scaleY(1);
}

Staggered List Animation

.list-item {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(10px);
  animation: slide-up var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-out) forwards;
}

.list-item:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: var(--delay-stagger-1); }
.list-item:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: var(--delay-stagger-2); }
.list-item:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: var(--delay-stagger-3); }
.list-item:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: var(--delay-stagger-4); }
.list-item:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: var(--delay-stagger-5); }

@keyframes slide-up {
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

Loading Spinner

.spinner {
  animation: spin var(--duration-1000) var(--ease-linear) infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

/* Pulsing loader */
.pulse {
  animation: pulse var(--duration-700) var(--ease-in-out) infinite alternate;
}

@keyframes pulse {
  0% { opacity: 0.4; transform: scale(0.95); }
  100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
}

Skeleton Loading

.skeleton {
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    var(--color-gray-200) 0%,
    var(--color-gray-100) 50%,
    var(--color-gray-200) 100%
  );
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: shimmer 1.5s var(--ease-in-out) infinite;
}

@keyframes shimmer {
  0% { background-position: 200% 0; }
  100% { background-position: -200% 0; }
}

---

Reduced Motion

Strategy 1: Remove All Motion

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}

Strategy 2: Reduce, Don't Remove

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  :root {
    /* Keep brief transitions for feedback */
    --duration-fast: 0ms;
    --duration-normal: 50ms;
    --duration-slow: 100ms;

    /* Simplify easings */
    --ease-bounce: var(--ease-out);
    --ease-elastic: var(--ease-out);
  }

  /* Disable parallax, auto-play, infinite loops */
  .parallax { transform: none !important; }
  .auto-animate { animation: none !important; }
}

Strategy 3: Provide Alternatives

/* Full motion */
.card-enter {
  animation: slide-up var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-out);
}

/* Reduced: fade only, no movement */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .card-enter {
    animation: fade-in var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out);
  }
}

---

Duration Guidelines

Duration	Feel	Use For
0-50ms	Instant	Ripples, micro-feedback
50-100ms	Snappy	Hover states, focus, toggles
100-200ms	Quick	Most UI transitions
200-300ms	Smooth	Modals, panels, reveals
300-500ms	Deliberate	Page transitions, onboarding
500ms+	Slow	Complex sequences, emphasis

Rule of thumb:

• Smaller elements = faster (50-150ms)
• Larger elements = slower (200-400ms)
• User-triggered = fast (100-200ms)
• System-triggered = can be slower (200-400ms)

---

Testing Checklist

• Transitions feel smooth, not jarring
• Hover/focus feedback is immediate (<150ms)
• Modals/drawers don't feel sluggish
• Animations enhance, don't block interaction
• prefers-reduced-motion is respected
• No layout shift during animations
• Animations work at 60fps
• Consistent timing across similar interactions