Studio-grade single-page web design with **swappable design shells across 16+ styles** (auto-picked by industry or manually chosen) and an opt-in **3D / motion / special-effects toolkit** (depth displacement, tilt+sheen, glass refraction, volumetric slices, light caustics, particle samplers, three.js on demand). Designs with the taste of a tier-1 studio (Apple / Pentagram / Bureau Borsche / Linear / Vercel / Aesop / Klim / Order / MSCHF). Picks aesthetic direction BEFORE writing code, pulls palette from the actual subject, ships portable single-folder static sites with built-in navigation (3 tiers), 7-language i18n via [data-i18n] slots, and zero build step. Use for personal brand sites, founder portfolios, product landings, company about pages, launch teasers, lookbooks, lesson microsites, annual reports, or any one-page site — or when the user asks for "fancy website", "multi-style website", "3D website", "Apple-style depth", "portrait website", "product landing", "brand site", "公司官网", "产品落地页", or provides
Installation
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Studio-grade single-page web design with **swappable design shells across 16+ styles** (auto-picked by industry or manually chosen) and an opt-in **3D / motion / special-effects toolkit** (depth displacement, tilt+sheen, glass refraction, volumetric slices, light caustics, particle samplers, three.js on demand). Designs with the taste of a tier-1 studio (Apple / Pentagram / Bureau Borsche / Linear / Vercel / Aesop / Klim / Order / MSCHF). Picks aesthetic direction BEFORE writing code, pulls palette from the actual subject, ships portable single-folder static sites with built-in navigation (3 tiers), 7-language i18n via [data-i18n] slots, and zero build step. Use for personal brand sites, founder portfolios, product landings, company about pages, launch teasers, lookbooks, lesson microsites, annual reports, or any one-page site — or when the user asks for "fancy website", "multi-style website", "3D website", "Apple-style depth", "portrait website", "product landing", "brand site", "公司官网", "产品落地页", or provides hero text + (optional) photo.
multi-style-web-design
A taste-first single-page web design skill. Designs like a tier-1 studio. Codes like a meticulous engineer. 3D is one tool in the kit, not the entire kit.
Build a single-folder, single-page site. No build step. No auto-deploy. The user owns deploy decisions. The default output is web design first, with 3D / motion as opt-in enhancements that get used only when they serve the subject.
0 · The taste manifesto (read this first)
These are the studios this skill is calibrated to. When in doubt, ask "what would they ship?":
Studio / brand
What we steal from them
Apple
Cinematic hero, restrained typography, generous whitespace, depth as narrative not decoration
Pentagram
Editorial typographic confidence, hierarchy without ornament
Bureau Borsche
Magazine-grade type, tension between display + body, color as accent only
Linear
Calm dark UI, monochromatic + one electric accent, micro-grid alignment
Vercel / Geist
Minimal sans-serif, charcoal-on-paper, tasteful gradients used ONCE per page
Stripe
Information-dense without feeling crowded; cards that earn their borders
Klim Type Foundry
Type-specimen aesthetic, vertical-axis numbers, ligatures, italics as voice
Order Design
Rule-driven brutalism, oversized index numbers, mono labels
MSCHF / Riso shops
Two-color overprint, deliberate registration drift, indie/event energy
"AI startup" launch pages with purple→blue gradient text and a cube
ThemeForest "agency" themes
If the output looks like any of those, redesign — see references/ai-slop-fingerprints.md.
0.5 · Editorial details checklist (the marginalia that separates designed from templated)
Magazine-grade typography and good bleeds aren't enough on their own. The small marginalia is what makes a page read as designed-by-a-human vs templated. Any editorial-register page (Editorial Nightscape, Brutalist Index, Atelier Couture, Reportage, Quartermaster) should hit at least 5 of these:
Plate folios — every photograph gets a "Plate I/II/III…" label somewhere (book convention). Mono uppercase, gold accent, e.g. <em>Plate III</em> · The Gallery.
Drop cap on the lede paragraph (::first-letter { font-size: 1.6em; float: left; padding: 6px 10px 0 0; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 500; font-style: italic; }).
Marginalia rule — gold/accent vertical 1px rule next to italic captions or pull quotes (Pentagram annual-report move). border-left: 1px solid rgba(gold, 0.4); padding-left: 18px;.
Displaced quote glyph — for any oversized quoted blurb, place a giant clamp(220px, 26vw, 360px) quotation-mark character with opacity: 0.16 behind the text. Single character, serif italic, accent color.
Vertical rotated mono captions in gutters. writing-mode: vertical-rl; transform: rotate(180deg); for figure stamps like "FIG. IV · Plate III".
Folio edition mark in masthead — "№ 001 — 2026" or "Vol. I · 2026" in mono, gold accent.
Hanging Roman numerals (I·II·III·IV in italic gold serif at font-size: 36px) for ordered lists when the page has editorial register. NOT mono "— I" tags — those read corporate.
Em-dash flanked labels ("—— A NOTE FROM YOUR HOST ——") for section dividers. Use ::before, ::after { content: "——"; color: var(--ink-faint); margin: 0 14px; }.
Colophon in footer — italic serif, lowercase, a real sentence ("Set in Fraunces, Inter Tight, and JetBrains Mono. Six plates photographed for this edition."). Not a copyright line.
Ligature-aware variable-axis typography — font-variation-settings: "SOFT" 30; on Fraunces titles, "opsz" 144 on display sizes.
If a page has zero of these, it's a template. If it has 5+, it reads designed.
1 · Core philosophy
Aesthetic direction BEFORE writing code. Always declare what it should feel like in plain words first ("Aesop pull-out", "Bloomberg Businessweek module", "Linear's calm dark UI") — then build to that brief.
Pull palette from the actual subject when there is one (photo, logo, product). Otherwise curate from the domain's vocabulary (finance = ink/gold/oxblood/money-green/paper, beauty = cream/peach/clay/ink, tech = paper/charcoal/electric-accent).
Type does most of the work. A serif/sans pair with strong italic + mono labels carries 70% of the design. Get that right before any animation.
Whitespace is content. Sites that breathe feel premium. Refuse to fill empty space with decorative junk.
Motion is earned, not decorative. A tilt or parallax must reveal something (depth, hierarchy, attention) — never "because the brief said fancy".
3D is optional. Many of the best sites this skill produces have zero 3D and still feel cinematic.
Shell ⊥ hero ⊥ motion. Any shell × any hero × any motion level. Always orthogonal.
Honest critique > silent tuning. If a technique is wrong for the subject, switch techniques and tell the user why.
Single-folder static output. A folder you can email. No npm install. No React boilerplate (unless explicitly requested).
Verify in real Chrome. Headless WebGL/canvas screenshots lie.
2 · Inputs the skill needs
Confirm these 5 if the request is vague. If the user gives a clear brief, infer and proceed.
Subject type — human / product / brand-mark / abstract / scene / text-only (no image, type-driven hero — e.g. a lesson page, an essay, a manifesto)
Site purpose — short sentence ("personal brand", "skincare launch", "B2B SaaS landing", "finance lesson microsite", "annual report", "indie event")
For text-only subjects: skip image prep entirely. Type is the subject.
3 · Workflow
Phase 1 — Direction (declare BEFORE coding)
Write a 4-line brief in your reply, in this exact format:
Subject: <type>
Reference: <studio / brand / movement to channel>
Shell: <shell name>
Hero: <hero technique OR "typographic, no 3D">
Palette: <5 colors named, with the rationale>
Auto-pick rules (industry → shell). 17 shells, all populated as live variants in assets/shells/.
Default shell — if the user does not specify a shell, a style reference, or an industry hint that maps cleanly to a row below, use Harvard Review. It is the calmest, most subject-agnostic shell in the set: typographic hero, no 3D, ink-on-cream with a single crimson accent, editorial register that flatters essays, case studies, manifestos, lessons, founder think-pieces, and one-off pages alike. Switch away from it only when the auto-pick table below names a stronger match.
Industry / use case
Shell
Default hero
Reference DNA
No hint given / "just make me a one-pager" / "no specific style"
Harvard Review(default)
none (italic display + crimson)
Harvard Business Review × Pentagram × The Atlantic
Personal brand / founder (with photo)
Editorial Nightscape
A · Depth Displacement
Apple × Klim
Product launch (physical product)
Glass Library
D · Glass Refraction
Aesop × Le Labo
B2B SaaS / dev tool / AI infra
Studio Black
none (typographic)
Linear × Vercel
Lesson / essay / annual report / finance
Brutalist Index
E · Volumetric Slices (typographic)
Bloomberg Businessweek × Pentagram
Lifestyle / consumer / beauty
Glass Library
F · Light Caustics
Aesop × Le Labo
Indie / event / zine / podcast / kids
Riso Pop
C · Particle Sample
MSCHF × risograph
Manifesto / poster-page / museum
Swiss Modernist
none
Müller-Brockmann × Order
Wellness / kids / family / craft / mental health
Soft Organic
F · low intensity
Family.co × Calm × Headspace
Fashion / jewelry / runway / fashion media
Atelier Couture
B · Tilt & Sheen
Bureau Borsche × Vogue Italia
Creative agency / design portfolio / animation studio
Studio Spectrum
none (saturated blocks)
Pentagram × Studio Dumbar × IDEO
Sports / athleisure / fitness app / esports
Stadium
B · Tilt & Sheen (motion blur)
Nike × Athletics × ESPN
Entertainment / streaming / music / film
Neon Arcade
F · Light Caustics (gradient mesh)
A24 × Netflix × Resident Advisor
Comic / cartoon / animation / kids' IP
Panel
none (panel-grid hero)
Cartoon Brew × Adventure Time × Pixar dev
Architecture / photography / fine art / luxury real estate
Harvard Business Review × Pentagram × The Atlantic
3D-skip rule: if the subject is text-only or abstract AND the purpose is informational (lesson, essay, report), default to typographic hero with no 3D shader. Use type weight + size + italics + rule lines as the hero treatment. 3D is opt-in, not opt-out.
Phase 2 — Asset prep (skip for text-only)
uv run scripts/prep_subject.py <subject_image> <output_dir> --type <human|product|brand-mark|abstract|scene>
Branches:
human / product / scene → downscale 900px wide + Depth Anything V2 → hero.jpg + hero_depth.jpg
uv run scripts/extract_palette.py <subject_image> --out <output_dir>/palette.json
For text-only / abstract subjects with no image, curate the palette from the domain (see §4 palette-by-domain table). Do NOT default to dark-mode-cyan-glow.
Phase 3 — Pick + initialize
uv run scripts/init_project.py <output_dir> [--shell <shell-name>] --langs en,zh,ja [--hero <id>|none]
If --shell is omitted, the project initializes from harvard-review (the default — see Phase 1).
This:
Copies assets/shells/<shell-name>/ into <output_dir>/
Applies palette to CSS custom properties (--brand-1 … --brand-5)
Sets up i18n/ with the requested languages
Injects hero technique block if --hero is set; otherwise leaves the typographic hero in place
Hero shaders live in references/hero-shaders.md. The none option is the new default for informational sites.
Phase 4.5 — Add navigation (mandatory for any page with ≥ 3 sections)
Waterfall single-flow pages with no nav are a regression to 2014. The skill's content scaffold (masthead → hero → modules → equation → takeaways → footer) has 4 anchorable sections; always wire them up.
Pick ONE of three navigation tiers based on the shell's register:
Tier
Visual register
Components
Default for these shells
A — Full
App-polish, sticky pill nav
Sticky blur-glass nav bar + 4 link pills + active-section dot + scroll-progress bar + kbd hint chip + floating back-to-top
This prevents a wide nav from pushing body past the viewport, which would offset every margin: 0 auto content section. Without this, you get the v4 Studio Black bug where Chrome shows content shifted left while Safari renders fine — different font metrics caused different overflow behavior.
Tier-A label conventions — the kbd-style chip on the right of the nav must carry shell-flavored personality:
Shell
Brand label
kbd chip
Studio Black
L01/07
⌘K
Stadium
L01/07
GAME 01
Neon Arcade
EP 01/07
NOW PLAYING
Holographic Future
v1.0
⌘K
Reportage
Section A 01
Vol I
Generic labels ("Menu", "Section 1") are forbidden — the chip is a microbrand moment.
Full HTML+CSS templates per tier live in references/navigation-tiers.md.
When a page carries ≥3 content photographs (any §6.5 spread typology page), opt in to the .fx3d shared-physics figure effect to lift photos off the page with static depth at rest and pointer-driven tilt + sheen on hover. Distinct from §4 hero shaders — those run once on the hero. .fx3d runs on every figure container in the article.
What it does:
Static depth at rest (visible in screenshots, satisfies critical rule 12): multi-layer box-shadow (deep ambient + inset highlight + 1px gold rim) makes each figure float off the page background.
Pointer-driven tilt (±5° / ±4°): mousemove updates --rx / --ry CSS variables; the container transform: perspective(1400px) rotateX rotateY follows the cursor with a 0.18s ease.
Pointer-driven sheen: a radial-gradient::after with mix-blend-mode: screen follows the cursor (--mx / --my), revealing a soft warm highlight that traces where the user is looking.
Image parallax on hover only: the <img> translates Z(40px) and scale(1.025) against its frame, creating real depth between photo and shadow.
Reduced-motion respect: prefers-reduced-motion: reduce retains the static box-shadow lift but drops all transform / sheen.
CSS skeleton (drop into shell stylesheet, after the figure typography rules):
JS skeleton (≈30 lines vanilla, no dependency, drop into the shell's existing inline <script>):
(function () {
if (window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches) return;
document.querySelectorAll('.fx3d').forEach(function (el) {
var raf = null, lastE = null;
functionapply() {
if (!lastE) return;
var r = el.getBoundingClientRect();
var x = (lastE.clientX - r.left) / r.width;
var y = (lastE.clientY - r.top) / r.height;
el.style.setProperty('--rx', ((0.5 - y) * 8).toFixed(2) + 'deg');
el.style.setProperty('--ry', ((x - 0.5) * 10).toFixed(2) + 'deg');
el.style.setProperty('--mx', (x * 100).toFixed(1) + '%');
el.style.setProperty('--my', (y * 100).toFixed(1) + '%');
raf = null;
}
el.addEventListener('mousemove', function (e) { lastE = e; if (!raf) raf = requestAnimationFrame(apply); });
el.addEventListener('mouseleave', function () {
el.style.setProperty('--rx', '0deg'); el.style.setProperty('--ry', '0deg');
el.style.setProperty('--mx', '50%'); el.style.setProperty('--my', '50%');
lastE = null;
});
});
})();
Wiring: add the fx3d class to every figure container that wraps a content photo. For circular portraits (host band, testimonial avatar) add fx3d-round alongside.
Per-figure radius tuning (drop into the shell stylesheet to override the 14px default):
Multi-image editorial pages (§6.5 spread typology) where the photographs are protagonist-grade and need to feel lifted off the dark page background.
Hosted-edition variants (B21 fix) — makes the host's portraits feel cinematic rather than CMS rectangles.
Personal brand / founder portfolio sites with 3+ supporting photos.
Where to NOT use it:
Single-hero pages (§4 hero shaders A–F already provide depth there).
Light-paper shells (Glass Library, Gallery White, Soft Organic) — the dark box-shadow reads as muddy on cream paper. Tune the shadow stack to lighter / smaller offsets, or skip.
Comic / Riso / Panel shells — the flat-color register actively rejects soft 3D depth; the playful flatness is the design.
Newspaper / Reportage shells — newsprint is meant to look 2D. Lifting figures violates the medium.
Compatibility with §4 hero shaders: orthogonal. A page can run hero shader B (Tilt & Sheen) on the hero photograph AND run .fx3d on every supporting figure below; both share the same physics vocabulary and don't fight each other visually.
Full HTML drop-in + tuning knobs live in references/figure-fx3d.md.
Phase 5 — Translate (if requested)
uv run scripts/i18n_translate.py <output_dir>/i18n/en.json --langs zh,ja,es,fr,ko,ru
The shell loads i18n at runtime via a 30-line vanilla loader (already embedded). Reads ?lang=<code>, falls back to navigator.language, then en.
Phase 6 — Variant exploration (optional)
To compare hero techniques side-by-side, copy the project N times and inject different shaders. The skill never auto-deploys.
Phase 7 — Visual verification (mandatory)
cd <output_dir>
python3 -m http.server 7531 &
SERVER_PID=$!
sleep 1
open -a "Google Chrome""http://127.0.0.1:7531/?v=$(date +%s)"# cache-bust querysleep 3
screencapture -x /tmp/site_check.png
# inspect screenshot, then:kill$SERVER_PID
Cache-busting is mandatory — append ?v=<timestamp> to bypass disk cache. Without it, the user re-loads stale HTML and reports "no change".
swiss-modernist/ — Müller-Brockmann grid. Helvetica/Inter-Tight + tight grid + red accent. For manifestos, single-message pages.
soft-organic/ — Family.co / Studio Dumbar. Rounded sans + soft cream + sage / blush / ochre. Wellness, kids, craft.
Full visual + content spec per shell in references/shells.md.
Shell content scaffold (every shell ships with these slots)
masthead → small mono kicker, vol/edition number, dot accent
hero → headline + lede + 4 stat columns (or 3 KPI items)
modules → numbered editorial sections (works for lessons, features, products)
equation → single cinematic dark-block "the lesson behind the lesson"
takeaways → 4 final-thought cards
footer → mono, restrained
This scaffold is opinionated on purpose. It's the structure that makes lesson, report, manifesto, and brand pages all feel like they came from the same studio.
5 · Palette-by-domain (when there is no subject photo)
Never default to dark-cyan. Curate from the domain:
Domain
Palette (ink + paper + 2 accents + risk)
Finance / banking / markets
ink black #14110f · paper cream #f3ede1 · gold-leaf #b58a3b · old-money green #2f5d3a · oxblood #6b1f24
bone #ece8df · sumi ink #1b1715 · soft red #a4322a · mineral grey #7d7a73 · accent gold
Save the chosen palette in palette.json with rationale.
6 · Known bugs / lessons learned (must read before coding)
These came from real builds. Prevent them, don't repeat them.
B1 · Decorative slabs leaking into content below the hero
Symptom: thin black/gold line drawn as a "depth marker" inside the title-stack appears as a strikethrough across the lede paragraph below.
Cause:position: absolute slab inside a container with overflow: visible, positioned with bottom: -12% etc., which leaks past the container's box and into siblings.
Fix: any decorative slab with negative offsets MUST live inside a container with overflow: hidden, OR have its position constrained by bottom: 0 / top: 0 so it can't leak. Better: don't add decorative slabs unless they pay rent — the layered headlines alone deliver depth.
B2 · Empty mono labels look like UI debris
Symptom: floating LAYER · 01 / DEPTH · ∞ mono labels with no semantic value confuse the user — "what's that, empty meaningless space?"
Cause: importing decorative scaffolding from a demo without earning it on the real page.
Fix: every visible label must carry meaning for this site's content. If a label is just visual filler, delete it. The 3D depth must come from the content layers themselves (headline echoes, slabs that frame real content, rules that mark real sections), not from arbitrary "layer" tags.
B3 · Cache-stale screenshot
Symptom: user reloads, sees the old version, says "no change".
Cause: Chrome disk cache.
Fix: ALWAYS append ?v=<timestamp> to the URL when re-verifying. Tell the user "Cmd+Shift+R" if they refresh manually.
B4 · Local server refused after kill
Symptom:127.0.0.1:7531 refused to connect after a teardown.
Fix: either keep the server alive across iterations, OR explicitly tell the user to open the file via file:// URL — the static site works without any server.
B5 · Tilt is invisible in screenshots
Symptom: "I see no 3D." Because the tilt is pointer-driven, a stationary screenshot captures the rest state.
Fix: the hero must show depth even at rest. Use static z-translated layers + drop shadows + subtle blurs. The pointer interaction enhances depth — it must not be the only source of depth. If a technique only "works" in motion, it's not the right technique for a screenshot-driven web.
B6 · Tilt-Only on type with no photo = "3D-adjacent, not 3D"
Symptom: user expects visible 3D, sees only a faint sheen on type.
Fix: for typographic heroes, prefer technique E (Volumetric Slices) with multiple z-stacked headline layers (back: blurred ghost, mid: gold ghost, front: sharp ink with drop shadow). Tilt-only is not enough on type without a photo.
B7 · mix-blend-mode: multiply on translucent gold over cream
Symptom: middle-layer gold ghost looks brown/muddy on cream paper.
Fix: use mix-blend-mode: multiply only on layers ≥ 50% opacity. For lighter ghosts, use plain alpha + a saturated gold base color.
B8 · Slabs/shadows clipped by overflow: hidden on hero
Symptom: drop shadows from front-layer headline get cut off at the hero edge.
Fix: if you need overflow: hidden on .hero (to clip back-slice drift), give the title-stack itself overflow: visible AND ensure the parent .hero has enough bottom padding to hold the shadow.
B9 · "DEPTH · ∞" / "LAYER · 01" demo labels shipped to production
Symptom: user asks "what's that empty meaningless space" pointing at hard-coded debug labels.
Fix: demo/debug labels are stripped before shipping. If a label exists in the final HTML, it must be content the user wrote, not scaffolding from the skill.
B10 · Skill loaded the second time on the same task
Symptom:<inline_skill> already includes the SKILL.md content, but the agent calls Skill again to load it.
Fix: if <inline_skill> is present in the conversation, follow it directly. Don't reload.
B11 · Waterfall single-flow page with no navigation
Symptom: user says "all pages are like waterfall, on page, kinda lack of navigation bar to make the page more structure".
Cause: the skill historically shipped one long scroll page with no anchors, no TOC, no scroll progress. Fine for a 1-section landing page, regression-tier for any content with 3+ sections.
Fix: Phase 4.5 is now mandatory — every variant gets section IDs, smooth-scroll, scrollspy, and tier-appropriate nav. See §6.5 below for tier mapping.
Symptom: in Chrome the page sits visibly left-of-center on a wide monitor ("my fault, I pushed the browser to the right out of screen" red herring — actually a real overflow before the user moved the window).
Cause: sticky <nav> with flex-wrap: wrap and a long brand string + 4 nav links + meta block computes a slightly different total width in Chrome's font metrics vs Safari's. Chrome's renders the nav slightly past viewport edge, which makes body.scrollWidth > body.clientWidth — then every margin: 0 auto content section centers against the wider scroll-width and visually shifts.
Fix: the defensive overflow pattern in Phase 4.5 (html/body { overflow-x: clip; max-width: 100vw } + .nav-inner 1280px wrapper) prevents this. Apply it to every shell.
B13 · overflow-x: clip silently chops content instead of revealing the bug
Symptom: v6 Riso headline "MECHANICS!" was overflowing the viewport — overflow-x: clip hid the overflow so the page looked contained, but content was being chopped off the right edge.
Cause: defensive overflow-x: clip (added to fix B12) silently clips overflowing content. If a clamp(min, vw, max) headline is sized aggressively (e.g. clamp(64px, 12vw, 180px)), at 1440px viewport 12vw = 172.8px, very close to the cap — with letter-spacing and per-character drift, the rendered word can exceed the viewport.
Fix: before shipping, audit every title's clamp() upper bound. Rule of thumb: at 1440px viewport, the rendered headline width must be ≤ 1280px (the content frame). If a clamp(_, _, X) produces overflow, reduce X until it fits. Test specifically at 1440×900 and 1920×1080. Don't trust overflow: clip to hide the bug — the user will catch it later.
B14 · Layered text-shadow ::before desyncs from wrapping text
Symptom: v6 Riso pink underprint shadow showed orphan "MEME" fragments next to the actual word "MECHANICS". Pink shadow was at one position, black text at another.
Cause: the structure was <span class="row3 pink-shadow" data-text="Mechanics!">Mechanics!</span> with ::before { content: attr(data-text); position: absolute; left: -6px; }. Two compounding bugs: (1) the staircase indent used padding-left: 160px on the parent span, but position: absolute children resolve left: -6px relative to the span's padding box — so the pink ::before started at row-left while the black text started at row-left + 160px. (2) When the span was treated as inline (default for <span>), the ::before only aligned with the first inline line-box, so any wrapping fragmented the shadow.
Fix: for any layered-shadow design (Riso, Memphis, neo-brutalist offset shadow):
Use display: inline-block on the shadow-bearing span so the ::before has a proper bounding box
Use white-space: nowrap to prevent the text from wrapping internally
Use margin-left (not padding-left) for staircase indents — absolute children are positioned relative to the parent's border-box, so margin shifts the entire shadow stack together
B15 · Light-shell got dark-glass nav (or vice versa)
Symptom: v15 Holographic Future has a near-white pastel hero, but the auto-injected Tier-A nav rendered with rgba(8,10,20,0.65) (dark navy translucent) — visually clashed.
Cause: shell tokens for bg_glass were assumed dark for all dark-bg shells, but v15's hero is actually light despite living in the "futuristic" category.
Fix: the bg_glass token must be derived from the shell's actual base luminance, not its category. Light-base shells get rgba(255,255,255,0.55–0.92); dark-base shells get rgba(8–20,8–20,8–20,0.65–0.88). Inspect the rendered shell at rest before picking glass.
B16 · Markup parity bug — one row in a stanza forgot a class
Symptom: v6 Riso Pop's row 2 ("MARKETS &") had no pink underprint while rows 1 and 3 did — user spotted it: "is the designed on purpose or it's bug got it missed?"
Cause: simple typo / oversight. Row 1 had class="row1 pink-shadow" data-text="Money,", row 3 had class="row3 pink-shadow" data-text="Mechanics!", but row 2 had only class="row2 blue" — missing both pink-shadow and data-text.
Fix: for any design where a single visual treatment is meant to apply uniformly across a stanza of structural siblings (rows of a multi-line headline, modules in a grid, takeaways), verify class parity by grep before shipping. A line like grep -c 'pink-shadow' index.html should equal the number of stanza rows.
B17 · Section name variance breaks scrollspy
Symptom: v16 Reportage uses <section class="pullquote"> instead of <section class="equation">, so the auto-injection script that adds id="equation" failed silently for that shell.
Cause: shell authors took creative liberty with section class names without updating the canonical alias map.
Fix: every shell's four canonical sections must end up with these IDs: #hero, #curriculum (or #articles aliased), #equation (or #pullquote aliased), #takeaways. The init script must accept aliases. Document any shell-specific aliases in that shell's README.md.
B18 · "Card-with-image" syndrome on multi-image pages (rectangle syndrome)
Symptom: user says "pics of scenes are all rectangles, seem not designer's taste, simple html coding". Every figure on the page ends up as the same 3:2 or 2:3 box with the same border treatment and the same caption position. Reads as CMS template within seconds.
Cause: copying a single <figure> template across all images and just changing the src. Same aspect ratio + same border + same caption = visual tedium. The skill historically taught hero layout (1 photo) and typographic layout (0 photos) really well, but skipped editorial multi-image layout (3+ photos).
Fix: when a page carries ≥3 content photographs, follow §6.5 spread typology and use at least 3 different spread types. Repeating the same spread layout across 3+ modules in a row is a redesign trigger.
B19 · Default border: 1px solid rings on content figures
Symptom: "rectangles, not designer's taste". Hairline borders around every photo are the universal CMS-template tell.
Cause: defaulting to border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong) on <figure> because it's the safe option.
Fix:never wrap a content photograph in a 1px border by default. The photo's edge IS the edge. Use tonal gradient falloff (linear-gradient(to top, rgba(bg,0.45), transparent 55%)) at the bleeding edge for cinematic photos on dark shells. Borders are only allowed when the frame evokes a specific medium (polaroid, contact sheet, gallery mat) and earns its place — not as a default safety move.
B20 · Captions all in the same lower-left gradient bar
Symptom: identical caption position + treatment across 6 images = the page reads as a slideshow.
Cause: reusing a single figcaption styled with position: absolute; left: 14px; bottom: 12px; + bottom gradient overlay across every figure.
Fix: caption position MUST vary by spread type. See §6.5 — each spread has a different caption convention (top-left mono stamp, italic Fraunces below the figure with gold left rule, vertical rotated mono in the gutter, mix-blend-mode difference against the photo, displaced open-quote glyph at lower-left with offset). Pick one PER spread, not one for all of them.
B23 · repeat(N, 1fr) grids overflow viewport when a cell holds an unbreakable long string
Symptom: on iPhone (393px viewport) the hero-stats row in v1, v2, v17 is sliced — "CONCEPTS · 52" and "GOAL · Vocabulary & intuition" sit completely off the right edge of the screen. Desktop and tablet look fine; mobile gets cut. Hidden by html { overflow-x: clip } so the page silently sheds content instead of revealing the bug.
Cause: the canonical content scaffold uses a .hero-stats { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); } row of 4 KPI columns. CSS Grid 1fr resolves to minmax(auto, 1fr), where auto = the content's intrinsic minimum width. When a stat value is an unbreakable string like Beginner→Intermediate or Vocabulary & intuition, that intrinsic minimum is wider than viewport / 4. The grid then overflows its container to satisfy the minimum, and the overflow is silently clipped. The @media (max-width: 720px) { repeat(2, 1fr) } fallback inherits the same bug at 2-up.
Fix: every multi-column grid that holds user-facing text must use the defensive grid pattern:
Three changes do the work: (1) minmax(0, 1fr) overrides the auto-min so columns can shrink below intrinsic; (2) min-width: 0 on the cell unblocks flex/grid shrink; (3) word-break: break-word + overflow-wrap: anywhere on the value text lets unbreakable strings wrap at any character when columns are too narrow. Plus: add a 480px fallback that goes single-column — at iPhone widths, 4 stats stacked vertically reads better than 2×2 cramped.
Also affected — same defensive pattern applies to:
Any .modules / .features / .takeaways grid with repeat(N, 1fr)
Spread-04 / spread-06 / spread-07 inner heads with grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr 0.85fr etc.
Footer link rows that flex-wrap unbreakable email/URL strings
Symmetric fix for negative-margin bleeds: any figure { margin-right: -32px } (full-bleed pattern) must scale its negative margin in lockstep with parent padding when padding shrinks at small viewports. If you change .hero { padding: 0 32px → 0 20px } at 600px, you MUST also change .hero-figure { margin-right: -32px → -20px } at the same breakpoint, or the figure overshoots the viewport by 12px.
Audit tooling: run a CDP-based mobile audit at 393px viewport and check getBoundingClientRect().right > clientWidth on every element. False positives are limited to elements inside a parent with overflow: hidden (decorative blobs, spread-07 figures with parent overflow). A 25-line audit script lives in references/mobile-audit.md.
B22 · Relative image paths break under Vercel cleanUrls at non-trailing-slash URLs
Symptom: site works perfectly on python3 -m http.server, ships to Vercel, then ALL images fail to load — only alt text shows. Direct curl to /path/images/foo.jpg returns 200, but the browser silently 404s.
Cause:vercel.json has "cleanUrls": true. When the user visits https://site.com/v17-page (no trailing slash, no .html), Vercel internally rewrites that to /v17-page/index.html and serves it — but the URL bar stays /v17-page. The browser treats /v17-page as a file, not a directory. So when the HTML contains <img src="images/foo.jpg">, the browser resolves it relative to the parent of /v17-page → /images/foo.jpg, which 404s.
Fix: in any subfolder variant deployed under Vercel cleanUrls, use absolute paths rooted at the variant folder: src="/v17-page/images/foo.jpg", not src="images/foo.jpg". Run a sed pass before deploying:
sed -i '''s|src="images/|src="/<variant-folder>/images/|g' index.html
Alternative: turn off cleanUrls for subfolder pages, OR add a redirect rule that always appends a trailing slash. Absolute-path rewrite is the most portable fix.
Watch for: the bug is invisible to curl if you happen to type the right path manually — only a real browser (or puppeteer.requestfailed listener) will reveal the 404 because only the browser does relative-path resolution.
Symptom: original lesson built on Brutalist Index (correct for text-only finance). Then a host (Vivieen) is added with 6 portraits — but the page is still treated as text-only and the photos get bolted onto the same scaffold as rectangles.
Cause: the auto-pick table treats subject type as fixed at start of session. Adding a named human host with ≥3 photographs changes the subject type mid-task.
Fix: if a page acquires a named human host carrying ≥3 photographs, switch shell to Editorial Nightscape (or any Tier-B editorial shell), follow §6.5 spread typology, and apply the §0.5 editorial details checklist. The text-only Brutalist Index pick only applies when the type is the only protagonist.
The skill scaffold (masthead → hero → modules → equation → takeaways → footer) handles the sequence of sections, but doesn't tell you how a photograph should live inside a section. This is what was missing — and is what produces the rectangle-syndrome bug (B18) when omitted.
Use this table whenever a page carries ≥3 content photographs. Pick at least 3 different spread types across the page; never repeat the same type 3+ times in a row.
Spread
When to use
Visual signature
Caption treatment
A · Full-bleed split
Hero, opening of a section, host band
Image bleeds to one viewport edge (margin-right: -32px or -left), content column on the other half. Tonal gradient on the dark side of the image fades into page background — NO border.
Mono stamp on photo top-left (<em>Plate II</em> — The Kitchen, Morning) OR vertical rotated mono in the margin
B · Gutter mark + tall inset
Module dividers in long content, especially when the lesson rhythm needs a vertical breath
Vertical rotated mono "FIG. IV · Plate III" running up the left margin in gold. Body text in middle column. 4:5 portrait inset on the right.
Italic Fraunces caption below the figure with a gold 1px left rule. NEVER overlay the caption on the photo — the marginal rule does the framing.
C · Cinematic 21:9 letterbox
A standout module that needs movie-poster drama
Wide 21:9 crop bleeding full viewport edge-to-edge (left: -32px; right: -32px; width: calc(100% + 64px);). Subtle gradient from edges inward to keep faces readable.
Italic Fraunces caption inside the photo at lower-left with a giant displaced open-quote glyph (::before { content: "“"; font-size: 80px; left: -40px; color: gold; opacity: 0.5; }) anchoring it.
D · Pull-quote dominant + edge-bleed image
A module where the idea in the pull quote is bigger than the photograph illustrating it
Body column carries an oversized pull quote (clamp 28-36px serif italic) with a 2px gold left rule and one accented word (e.g. "zero" in gold). Image at right with margin-right: -32px bleeding past the viewport gutter, 3:4 aspect.
Folio at image lower-left in mono: <em>Plate V</em> — Mykonos · Golden Hour.
E · Half-circle break
Host band, "about the author", testimonial
Large circular portrait (140-180px) with subtle gold ring + radial highlight. The circle visually breaks the rectangular band. Paired with a giant displaced quote glyph behind the blurb (§0.5).
No caption — the displaced quote glyph and the italic blurb do the work.
F · Right-edge break-out
Closer / sign-off / takeaways pair
Image extends past the right viewport edge (margin-right: -80px), no border. Tonal gradient at left blends image into page background. Sign-off text overlays at lower-left with mono kicker + italic CTA.
Folio at top-left in mono (<em>Plate VI</em> — The Closer), italic Fraunces sign-off at bottom-left ("End · Vol I / See you in the next lesson.").
Composition rule (the one that prevents B18):
3 photographs → use 3 distinct spread types
4-6 photographs → use 4 distinct spread types, and break repetition with at least one typographic-only module between consecutive spreads
7+ photographs → reconsider whether this should be a one-page site at all (multi-page is out of scope; see §11)
Vary three axes simultaneously across spreads:
Aspect ratio — alternate 3:2 / 4:5 / 21:9 / 3:4. Never repeat the same ratio twice in a row.
Caption position — top-left mono / below-figure with rule / vertical-rotated gutter / mix-blend overlay / displaced-quote anchored. Each spread gets a different one.
Bleed direction — left-bleed / right-bleed / full-bleed / inset-with-gutter. Mix them so the page rhythm doesn't fall into a slideshow.
If you can't name 3+ distinct treatments before writing the first <figure>, you're about to ship rectangles. Stop and re-plan.
Hosted-variant rule: any "lesson / essay / report / finance" page with a named human host carrying ≥3 photographs of them → switch shell to Editorial Nightscape (or any Tier-B editorial register shell), apply this spread typology, and run the §0.5 editorial details checklist. The text-only Brutalist Index pick only applies when the type is the only protagonist.
7 · Critical rules (the short list)
Direction BEFORE code. Write the 4-line brief first.
3D is opt-in. Default for text-only / informational sites is no shader.
Type does most of the work. Get the type pair + scale right before any motion.
Pull palette from subject OR curate from domain. Never dark-cyan-default.
Subject type gates technique. No particle-sample on faces. No depth-displacement on logos.
Single-file static output. No build step, no React.
i18n is [data-i18n] + 30-line vanilla loader. Never React-i18next.
Headless WebGL screenshots lie. Use real Chrome + cache-bust.
Honest swap > silent tune.
Never auto-deploy.
Strip demo/debug labels before shipping.
Static depth at rest — never rely on hover/tilt to create the 3D illusion.
Every variant gets navigation — tier-mapped, not skipped. Section IDs + smooth-scroll + scrollspy is the new baseline. Waterfall pages are forbidden when content has ≥3 sections.
Defensive overflow pattern in every shell.html/body { overflow-x: clip; max-width: 100vw } + .nav-inner 1280px wrapper. Prevents Chrome-vs-Safari rendering drift.
Audit clamp() upper bounds at 1440px and 1920px. If a headline overflows, reduce the cap — don't trust overflow: clip to hide the bug.
Layered shadows need inline-block + nowrap + margin-left (not padding) for staircase indents. Otherwise ::before desyncs when text wraps.
Class parity in repeating stanzas. When a treatment applies uniformly across rows of a headline, modules in a grid, or items in a takeaway list, every sibling must carry the same class. Grep-verify before shipping.
Glass tint follows base luminance, not category. Light-base shell → light glass nav. Dark-base → dark glass nav. Inspect the shell at rest first.
No rectangle syndrome on multi-image pages. When a page carries ≥3 content photographs, use ≥3 different spread types from §6.5. Same aspect ratio + same border + same caption position across 3+ images is a redesign trigger, not a stylistic choice.
No default border: 1px solid rings on content figures. The photo's edge IS the edge. Use tonal gradient falloff at bleeding edges instead. Borders only when they evoke a specific medium (polaroid, contact sheet, gallery mat).
Re-evaluate subject type when a host is added. If a text-only / informational page acquires a named human host with ≥3 photographs mid-task, switch shell to a Tier-B editorial register and apply §6.5 spread typology. Subject type is not fixed at start of session.
Hit ≥5 items from the §0.5 editorial details checklist on any editorial-register page. Plate folios, drop caps, marginalia rules, displaced quote glyphs, vertical rotated captions, hanging Roman numerals, em-dash flanked labels, colophon — the marginalia is what separates designed from templated.
Use absolute paths for assets in any Vercel subfolder variant. When deploying multi-variant gallery sites under cleanUrls: true, write src="/<folder>/images/..." not src="images/..." — otherwise the browser resolves relative paths against the parent (/images/...) and silently 404s. Always run puppeteer with a requestfailed listener post-deploy, not just curl — only a real browser does the wrong relative resolution that exposes the bug.
Defensive mobile-grid pattern is mandatory on every repeat(N, 1fr) row that holds user text. Use minmax(0, 1fr) (not 1fr), min-width: 0 on cells, and word-break: break-word + overflow-wrap: anywhere on the value text. Add 980 / 720 / 480 breakpoints with progressively narrower column counts (4 → 2 → 1). Negative-margin bleeds (margin-right: -32px on full-bleed figures) must scale in lockstep with parent padding when padding shrinks at small viewports — otherwise the figure overshoots viewport by the difference. Verify with a 393px CDP audit before shipping (see B23 + references/mobile-audit.md).
8 · Anti-patterns (the AI-slop test)
If the result has any of these, redesign:
Cyan-on-dark with glowing borders
Purple-to-blue gradient text on the hero headline
Glassmorphism on every card
Repeated KPI cards (big number + sparkline + icon)
Centered everything
Inter / Roboto / system-ui as the primary display face (use Fraunces, GT Sectra, Editorial New, Söhne, Geist, Founders Grotesk, Tiempos, etc.)
Rounded rectangles with soft drop shadows on the hero
Modals as a default UI pattern
Decorative <canvas> cube spinning in the corner
"Layer · 01" / "DEPTH · ∞" labels with no meaning (B2/B9)
All photographs use the same aspect ratio + same border treatment (B18/B19 — rectangle syndrome)
Every figure has the same caption position (B20 — slideshow tedium)
Repeated card layout for 3+ content modules (CMS tedium)
quartermaster/ ✅ — Snow Peak × Best Made × Ace Hotel (Outdoor / gear / makers)
holographic-future/ ✅ — Arc × Linear × Gradient (AI / ML / Web3 / frontier)
reportage/ ✅ — NYT × Guardian × Magnum (News / longform / documentary / NGO)
harvard-review/ ✅ — Harvard Business Review × Pentagram × Atlantic (Business essay / case study / executive education / thought leadership)
All 17 shells share the same content scaffold (masthead → hero → modules → equation → takeaways → footer), so heroes, palettes, and i18n are interchangeable across them.
references/
taste-manifesto.md ✅ — the studio inspiration list expanded with screenshots / DNA notes
navigation-tiers.md ✅ — full HTML+CSS+JS templates for Tier A / B / C nav patterns, plus per-shell tier mapping and label conventions
spread-typology.md ✅ — full HTML+CSS templates for the 6 spread types (A–F) in §6.5
editorial-details.md ✅ — ready-to-paste CSS snippets for each item in the §0.5 checklist (drop caps, marginalia rules, displaced quote glyphs, vertical rotated captions, hanging Roman numerals, em-dash flanked labels)
figure-fx3d.md ✅ — full CSS + JS for the .fx3d figure-grid effect (§4.6) with tuning knobs for tilt range, lift amount, sheen color/opacity, per-shell radius scale, and reduced-motion fallbacks. Includes do/don't pairs (when to skip on light shells, comic shells, newsprint shells).
subject-types.md ✅ — what each type allows / disallows
i18n.md ✅ — data-attribute contract + loader
ai-slop-fingerprints.md ✅ — the avoid list
palette-by-domain.md ✅ — extracted from §5
known-bugs.md ✅ — extracted from §6, includes B11–B22
depth-portrait-tuning.md ✅ — knobs for variant A
10 · Concrete examples this skill serves
Request
Subject
Shell
Hero
Reference vibe
"Personal brand site with my photo"
human
Editorial Nightscape
A
Apple + Klim
"Landing for my fragrance"
product
Glass Library
D
Aesop + Apple
"公司官网，logo + 中英双语"
brand-mark
Studio Black
E
Linear
"Tech founder portfolio, EN+JP"
human
Editorial Nightscape
A
Apple
"Annual report microsite"
abstract
Brutalist Index
E (typographic)
Bloomberg + Pentagram
"SaaS launch teaser, no photo"
abstract
Studio Black
none
Linear + Vercel
"Finance lesson microsite"
text-only
Brutalist Index
E (volumetric type)
Bloomberg Businessweek
"Hosted-edition lesson with 6 portraits of the host"
human (host)
Editorial Nightscape
none + §6.5 spread typology
Bureau Borsche × Pentagram × Klim
"Wellness brand, soft, kids"
product
Soft Organic
F (low)
Family.co
"Indie event poster page"
abstract
Riso Pop
C
MSCHF
"One-page manifesto"
text-only
Swiss Modernist
none
Müller-Brockmann
"Business essay / case study / strategy whitepaper"
text-only
Harvard Review
none (italic display + crimson + Idea-in-Brief)
Harvard Business Review × Pentagram × Atlantic
11 · Out of scope
React / Vite / Next scaffolding (single-file first; React only on explicit request)
Multi-page sites
CMS integration (Sanity / Contentful is a separate skill)
Heavy animation libraries (no GSAP / Framer / Lenis; vanilla CSS + IntersectionObserver)
Full WCAG audit (shells aim for keyboard-nav + reduced-motion respect; full audit is a separate skill)
This skill produces sites that feel hand-crafted by a tier-1 studio.
If the output looks like a Webflow template, a Tailwind UI hero block, or a 2022 SaaS launch — it is wrong, and you redesign. The taste bar is Apple / Pentagram / Aesop / Linear, not "fancy gradient with a cube".
