rust-ownership

name	rust-ownership
description	Guides ownership, borrowing, and lifetime decisions in Rust. Use when encountering E0382, E0597, E0506, E0507, move errors, or when designing data ownership.

Ownership & Lifetimes

Layer 1: Language Mechanics

Core Question

Who should own this data, and for how long?

Before fixing ownership errors, understand the data's role:

• Is it shared or exclusive?
• Is it short-lived or long-lived?
• Is it transformed or just read?

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Error → Design Question

Error	Don't Just Say	Ask Instead
E0382	"Clone it"	Who should own this data?
E0597	"Extend lifetime"	Is the scope boundary correct?
E0506	"End borrow first"	Should mutation happen elsewhere?
E0507	"Clone before move"	Why are we moving from a reference?
E0515	"Return owned"	Should caller own the data?
E0716	"Bind to variable"	Why is this temporary?
E0106	"Add 'a"	What is the actual lifetime relationship?

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Thinking Prompt

Before fixing an ownership error, ask:

1. What is this data's domain role?

   • Entity (unique identity) → owned
   • Value Object (interchangeable) → clone/copy OK
   • Temporary (computation result) → maybe restructure

2. Is the ownership design intentional?

   • By design → work within constraints
   • Accidental → consider redesign

3. Fix symptom or redesign?

   • If Strike 3 (3rd attempt) → escalate to design layer

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Quick Reference

Pattern	Ownership	Cost	Use When
Move	Transfer	Zero	Caller doesn't need data
&T	Borrow	Zero	Read-only access
&mut T	Exclusive borrow	Zero	Need to modify
clone()	Duplicate	Alloc + copy	Actually need a copy
Rc<T>	Shared (single)	Ref count	Single-thread sharing
Arc<T>	Shared (multi)	Atomic ref count	Multi-thread sharing
Cow<T>	Clone-on-write	Alloc if mutated	Might modify

Error Code Reference

Error	Cause	Fix
E0382	Value moved	Clone, reference, or redesign ownership
E0597	Reference outlives owner	Extend owner scope or restructure
E0506	Assign while borrowed	End borrow before mutation
E0507	Move out of borrowed	Clone or use reference
E0515	Return local reference	Return owned value
E0716	Temporary dropped	Bind to variable
E0106	Missing lifetime	Add 'a annotation

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Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Why Bad	Better
.clone() everywhere	Hides design issues	Design ownership properly
Fight borrow checker	Increases complexity	Work with the compiler
'static for everything	Restricts flexibility	Use appropriate lifetimes
Leak with Box::leak	Memory leak	Proper lifetime design

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Related Skills

• zero-cost-abstractions — static vs dynamic dispatch
• type-driven-design — newtype and type state patterns
• concurrency — Send/Sync and shared state
• anti-patterns — common ownership mistakes