domains

name	Domains
description	Register, manage, and protect domain names with practical DNS and security guidance.
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Domain Management Rules

Before Registration

• Check availability on the registrar directly — WHOIS lookups from third parties can trigger front-running (someone registers it before you)
• Search for the domain name + "scam" or "controversy" — previous owners leave reputation baggage
• Verify trademark conflicts before investing in branding — legal disputes are expensive

Choosing Extensions

• .com still has highest trust for general audiences — alternatives work but require more brand building
• Country TLDs (.co.uk, .de) rank better in local search — use them for geo-targeted businesses
• New TLDs (.io, .ai, .dev) work for tech audiences but confuse mainstream users
• Premium domains have recurring premium renewal fees, not just higher initial cost — check yearly price

Registration Practices

• Enable auto-renewal immediately — domains lost to expiration get scooped by squatters within hours
• Buy WHOIS privacy — public registration data leads to endless spam and social engineering attempts
• Register for multiple years if the domain is important — shows search engines you're serious
• Use a dedicated email for registrar accounts — losing access to that email means losing the domain

DNS Fundamentals

• DNS changes take 24-48 hours to fully propagate — plan migrations accordingly
• TTL (Time To Live) should be lowered before migrations, raised after — low TTL during normal operation wastes resources
• A records point to IP addresses, CNAME points to another domain — never CNAME the root domain
• MX records for email are separate from web hosting — moving hosts doesn't require changing email if MX stays

Security

• Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) — prevents unauthorized transfers
• DNSSEC adds cryptographic verification — worth enabling but breaks if misconfigured
• Two-factor on registrar account is mandatory — domain hijacking is common attack vector
• Authorization/EPP code is the password for transfers — treat it like a credential

Transfers

• 60-day lock after registration or previous transfer — plan ahead, can't transfer immediately
• Transfers extend registration by one year — not wasted money
• Unlock domain and get auth code before initiating — missing either blocks the transfer
• Some TLDs have special transfer rules — .uk, .de, and others differ from standard process

Expiration

• Grace period (usually 30 days) allows renewal at normal price — but risky, site goes down
• Redemption period costs 10-20x normal renewal — expensive mistake
• After redemption, domain goes to auction or open registration — you've lost it
• Expired domains with backlinks get bought by spammers — protect your brand's domains even if unused

Multi-Domain Strategy

• Register common misspellings and redirect — typosquatters will otherwise profit from your traffic
• Consider .com + main country TLD at minimum — others only if brand is valuable
• Subdomains are free and instant — don't buy domains for every project, use subdomains for experiments
• Consolidate domains at one registrar — easier management, less credential sprawl

Common Mistakes

• Registering through web host instead of dedicated registrar — harder to move later, often more expensive
• Letting domains expire assuming no one cares — competitors and squatters monitor expirations
• Using registrar's free email forwarding for critical accounts — tied to domain renewal, single point of failure
• Not documenting which domains exist where — large organizations lose track and lose domains