xs-leaks

name	xs-leaks
description	XS-Leaks — cross-site information leaks via timing, frame counting, navigation, error oracles. Side-channel attacks against same-origin authenticated state.
metadata	{"when_to_use":"xs-leak xsleak frame count navigation timing oracle cross-origin","mitre_attack":"T1559","subdomain":"client-side","upstream_ref":"skills/_corpus/payloads/XS-Leak/"}

XS-Leaks (Cross-Site Leaks)

XS-Leaks abuse browser primitives that leak information ACROSS origins. Attacker page can observe whether a cross-origin GET returned different content based on victim's authenticated state. Smaller than full cross-origin read (which is blocked), but enough to enumerate identifiers, detect membership, learn search-result presence.

1. Categories

1.1 Timing oracles

Cross-origin fetch / image load timing varies by server response size. Attacker measures load time → infers content.

const start = performance.now();
const img = new Image();
img.onerror = () => console.log(performance.now() - start);
img.src = 'https://target.com/api/users/me/notifications';

1.2 Frame counting (window.frames.length)

Some pages embed N iframes when authenticated and 0 when not. Attacker iframes target page and reads iframe.contentWindow.frames.length.

1.3 Window name / postMessage leak

iframe.contentWindow.name is preserved across navigation. Some pages set it w/ user-identifying data.

1.4 Error-event oracle

<img src=target.com/api/user/{id}/data> triggers different onerror behavior based on response code (403 vs 404 vs 200 w/ image content-type).

1.5 CSS injection style oracle

<link rel=stylesheet href=target.com/page> — different applied styles leak state via getComputedStyle of attacker page.

1.6 Search result presence

Many search endpoints return cached/non-cached headers indicating hits. Attacker measures cache hit vs miss timing for guessed search terms.

1.7 ID guessability (XS-Search)

for (const guessed_id of guessable_set) {
    const url = `https://target.com/api/user/${guessed_id}`;
    // measure timing or frame-count differential
}

2. xsleaks.dev — canonical reference

Full taxonomy + browser-version compatibility matrix: https://xsleaks.dev/

Atlas agents should consult this for current technique viability — browser mitigations evolve fast (COOP, COEP, Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy).

3. Detection

// Frame count
const f = document.createElement('iframe');
f.src = 'https://target.com/dashboard';   // attacker hosts this in own page
document.body.appendChild(f);
f.onload = () => {
    console.log('frames:', f.contentWindow.frames.length);
};

// Timing
async function timeFetch(url) {
    const t = performance.now();
    try { await fetch(url, {mode:'no-cors', credentials:'include'}); } catch {}
    return performance.now() - t;
}

4. PoC framing

XS-Leak PoCs require:

• Attacker host (your own controlled domain)
• Victim browser with authenticated session to target
• Visual demonstration of leaked info (e.g. infer victim's email, search history, friend list)

Document the attack page, record video of victim browser visiting it → inferred information displayed.

5. Severity

Bug	Severity
XS-Search enumerating victim's private documents	High 7-8
Frame-count revealing logged-in state	Medium 5-6
Timing oracle inferring victim email / ID	High 7-8
Window.name leaking session info	High 7-8
Cross-origin error-event leaking which users exist	Medium 4-5

6. Defender

• Set Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
• Set Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp
• Set Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin
• Disable iframe embedding for sensitive pages: X-Frame-Options: DENY or frame-ancestors 'none' in CSP
• Constant-time responses for sensitive endpoints (esp. when state-dependent)
• Vary: Cookie + careful caching

Cross-references

• Upstream: skills/_corpus/payloads/XS-Leak/
• xsleaks.dev — primary reference
• DOM clobbering overlap (different class, same client-side mindset): skills/exploit/web/dom-clobbering/SKILL.md