performing-privilege-escalation-on-linux

name	performing-privilege-escalation-on-linux
description	Guides manual enumeration and automated tooling to escalate from a low-privilege Linux user to root by exploiting misconfigurations, vulnerable services, kernel exploits, and weak permissions, mapped to MITRE ATT&CK. Use during authorized red team engagements or penetration tests once initial low-privilege access on a Linux host is obtained and root-level access is needed.
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	red-teaming
tags	["red-team","adversary-simulation","mitre-attack","exploitation","post-exploitation","privilege-escalation","linux"]
version	1.0
author	mahipal
license	Apache-2.0
d3fend_techniques	["Restore Object","Network Traffic Policy Mapping","Restore Configuration","Access Modeling","Operational Activity Mapping"]
nist_csf	["ID.RA-01","GV.OV-02","DE.AE-07"]
mitre_attack	["T1595","T1190","T1059","T1078","T1068"]

Performing Privilege Escalation on Linux

Legal Notice: This skill is for authorized security testing and educational purposes only. Unauthorized use against systems you do not own or have written permission to test is illegal and may violate computer fraud laws.

Overview

Linux privilege escalation involves elevating from a low-privilege user account to root access on a compromised system. Red teams exploit misconfigurations, vulnerable services, kernel exploits, and weak permissions to achieve root. This skill covers both manual enumeration techniques and automated tools for identifying and exploiting privilege escalation vectors.

When to Use

• When conducting security assessments that involve performing privilege escalation on linux
• When following incident response procedures for related security events
• When performing scheduled security testing or auditing activities
• When validating security controls through hands-on testing

Prerequisites

• Familiarity with red teaming concepts and tools
• Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
• Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
• Appropriate authorization for any testing activities

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

• T1548.001 - Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Setuid and Setgid
• T1548.003 - Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Sudo and Sudo Caching
• T1068 - Exploitation for Privilege Escalation
• T1574.006 - Hijack Execution Flow: Dynamic Linker Hijacking
• T1053.003 - Scheduled Task/Job: Cron
• T1543.002 - Create or Modify System Process: Systemd Service

Key Escalation Vectors

SUID/SGID Binaries

• Find SUID binaries: find / -perm -4000 -type f 2>/dev/null
• Check GTFOBins for exploitation methods
• Custom SUID binaries may have vulnerabilities

Sudo Misconfigurations

• sudo -l to list allowed commands
• Wildcards in sudo rules allow injection
• NOPASSWD entries for dangerous commands
• sudo versions vulnerable to CVE-2021-3156 (Baron Samedit)

Kernel Exploits

• Dirty Cow (CVE-2016-5195) for older kernels
• Dirty Pipe (CVE-2022-0847) for kernel 5.8+
• PwnKit (CVE-2021-4034) for pkexec
• GameOver(lay) (CVE-2023-2640, CVE-2023-32629) for Ubuntu