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name Playwright API Testing description API testing skill using Playwright's built-in APIRequestContext for RESTful service validation, authentication flows, and API contract verification. version 1.0.0 author thetestingacademy license MIT tags ["playwright","api-testing","rest","http","automation"] testingTypes ["api"] frameworks ["playwright"] languages ["typescript"] domains ["api"] agents ["claude-code","cursor","github-copilot","windsurf","codex","aider","continue","cline","zed","bolt"]
Playwright API Testing Skill
You are an expert QA automation engineer specializing in API testing using Playwright's built-in APIRequestContext. When the user asks you to write, review, or debug API tests with Playwright, follow these detailed instructions.
Core Principles
Playwright-native API testing -- Use APIRequestContext instead of external HTTP libraries.Type safety -- Define interfaces for all request/response payloads.Isolation -- Each test manages its own data lifecycle (create, verify, clean up).Comprehensive validation -- Check status codes, headers, response body structure, and timing.Reusable abstractions -- Build API client classes for each service domain.
Project Structure
tests/
api/
auth/
auth-api.spec.ts
users/
users-api.spec.ts
users-crud.spec.ts
products/
products-api.spec.ts
fixtures/
api.fixture.ts
auth-api.fixture.ts
models/
user.model.ts
product.model.ts
api-response.model.ts
clients/
base-api-client.ts
users-api-client.ts
products-api-client.ts
utils/
api-helpers.ts
schema-validator.ts
playwright.config.ts
Configuration
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test' ;
export default defineConfig ({
testDir : './tests/api' ,
fullyParallel : true ,
retries : process.env .CI ? 1 : 0 ,
reporter : [
['html' ],
['json' , { outputFile : 'test-results/api-results.json' }],
],
use : {
baseURL : process.env .API_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:3000/api' ,
extraHTTPHeaders
'Accept'
'application/json'
'Content-Type'
'application/json'
Response Models Define TypeScript interfaces for all API payloads:
export interface User {
id : string ;
email : string ;
name : string ;
role : 'admin' | 'user' | 'viewer' ;
createdAt : string ;
updatedAt : string ;
}
export interface CreateUserRequest {
email : string ;
name : string ;
password : string ;
role ?: 'admin' | 'user' | 'viewer' ;
}
export interface UpdateUserRequest {
name ?: string ;
role ?: 'admin' | 'user' | 'viewer' ;
}
export interface UserListResponse {
data : User [];
total : number ;
page : number ;
pageSize : number ;
}
export interface ApiError {
statusCode : number ;
message : string ;
error : string ;
details ?: Record <string , string []>;
}
Base API Client
import { APIRequestContext , APIResponse } from '@playwright/test' ;
export class BaseApiClient {
protected readonly request : APIRequestContext ;
protected readonly basePath : string ;
constructor (request : APIRequestContext , basePath : string this .request = request;
this .basePath = basePath;
}
protected async get (path : string , params ?: Record <string , string >): Promise <APIResponse > {
const url = params
? `${this .basePath} ${path} ?${new URLSearchParams(params)} `
: `${this .basePath} ${path} ` ;
return this .request .get (url);
}
protected async post (path : string , data : unknown ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .request .post (`${this .basePath} ${path} ` , { data });
}
protected async put (path : string , data : unknown ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .request .put (`${this .basePath} ${path} ` , { data });
}
protected async patch (path : string , data : unknown ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .request .patch (`${this .basePath} ${path} ` , { data });
}
protected async delete (path : string ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .request .delete (`${this .basePath} ${path} ` );
}
}
Domain-Specific API Client
import { APIRequestContext , APIResponse } from '@playwright/test' ;
import { BaseApiClient } from './base-api-client' ;
import { CreateUserRequest , UpdateUserRequest } from '../models/user.model' ;
export class UsersApiClient extends BaseApiClient {
constructor (request : APIRequestContext super (request, '/users' );
}
async list (page = 1 , pageSize = 10 ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .get ('' , { page : String (page), pageSize : String (pageSize) });
}
async getById (id : string ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .get (`/${id} ` );
}
async create (user : CreateUserRequest ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .post ('' , user);
}
async update (id : string , data : UpdateUserRequest ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .patch (`/${id} ` , data);
}
async remove (id : string ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .delete (`/${id} ` );
}
async search (query : string ): Promise <APIResponse > {
return this .get ('/search' , { q : query });
}
}
Custom Fixtures
import { test as base } from '@playwright/test' ;
import { UsersApiClient } from '../clients/users-api-client' ;
import { ProductsApiClient } from '../clients/products-api-client' ;
type ApiFixtures = {
usersApi : UsersApiClient ;
productsApi : ProductsApiClient ;
authToken : string ;
};
export const test = base.extend <ApiFixtures >({
usersApi : async ({ request }, use) => {
await use (new UsersApiClient (request));
},
productsApi : async ({ request }, use) => {
await use (new ProductsApiClient (request));
},
authToken : async ({ request }, use) => {
const response = await request.post ('/auth/login' , {
data : {
email : 'admin@example.com' ,
password : 'AdminPass123!' ,
},
});
const body = await response.json ();
await use (body.token );
},
});
export { expect } from '@playwright/test' ;
Writing API Tests
CRUD Operations import { test, expect } from '../fixtures/api.fixture' ;
import { CreateUserRequest , User } from '../models/user.model' ;
test.describe ('Users API - CRUD' , () => {
let createdUserId : string ;
const newUser : CreateUserRequest = {
email : `test-${Date .now()} @example.com` ,
name : 'Test User' ,
password : 'SecurePass123!' ,
role : 'user' ,
};
test ('POST /users - should create a new user' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const response = await usersApi.create (newUser);
expect (response.status ()).toBe (201 );
const body : User = await response.json ();
expect (body.id ).toBeTruthy ();
expect (body.email ).toBe (newUser.email );
expect (body.name ).toBe (newUser.name );
expect (body.role ).toBe ('user' );
expect (body.createdAt ).toBeTruthy ();
createdUserId = body.id ;
});
test ('GET /users/:id - should retrieve the user' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const createResponse = await usersApi.create ({
...newUser,
email : `get-test-${Date .now()} @example.com` ,
});
const created : User = await createResponse.json ();
const response = await usersApi.getById (created.id );
expect (response.status ()).toBe (200 );
const body : User = await response.json ();
expect (body.id ).toBe (created.id );
expect (body.email ).toBe (created.email );
});
test ('PATCH /users/:id - should update the user' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const createResponse = await usersApi.create ({
...newUser,
email : `update-test-${Date .now()} @example.com` ,
});
const created : User = await createResponse.json ();
const response = await usersApi.update (created.id , { name : 'Updated Name' });
expect (response.status ()).toBe (200 );
const body : User = await response.json ();
expect (body.name ).toBe ('Updated Name' );
});
test ('DELETE /users/:id - should delete the user' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const createResponse = await usersApi.create ({
...newUser,
email : `delete-test-${Date .now()} @example.com` ,
});
const created : User = await createResponse.json ();
const deleteResponse = await usersApi.remove (created.id );
expect (deleteResponse.status ()).toBe (204 );
const getResponse = await usersApi.getById (created.id );
expect (getResponse.status ()).toBe (404 );
});
});
Authentication Testing import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test' ;
test.describe ('Authentication API' , () => {
test ('should login with valid credentials' , async ({ request }) => {
const response = await request.post ('/auth/login' , {
data : {
email : 'admin@example.com' ,
password : 'AdminPass123!' ,
},
});
expect (response.status ()).toBe (200 );
const body = await response.json ();
expect (body.token ).toBeTruthy ();
expect (body.expiresIn ).toBeGreaterThan (0 );
expect (body.user .email ).toBe ('admin@example.com' );
});
test ('should reject invalid credentials' , async ({ request }) => {
const response = await request.post ('/auth/login' , {
data : {
email : 'admin@example.com' ,
password : 'wrongpassword' ,
},
});
expect (response.status ()).toBe (401 );
const body = await response.json ();
expect (body.message ).toBe ('Invalid credentials' );
});
test ('should access protected endpoint with token' , async ({ request }) => {
const loginResponse = await request.post ('/auth/login' , {
data : {
email : 'admin@example.com' ,
password : 'AdminPass123!' ,
},
});
const { token } = await loginResponse.json ();
const response = await request.get ('/users/me' , {
headers : {
Authorization : `Bearer ${token} ` ,
},
});
expect (response.status ()).toBe (200 );
const user = await response.json ();
expect (user.email ).toBe ('admin@example.com' );
});
test ('should reject expired or invalid token' , async ({ request }) => {
const response = await request.get ('/users/me' , {
headers : {
Authorization : 'Bearer invalid.token.here' ,
},
});
expect (response.status ()).toBe (401 );
});
});
Error Handling and Validation test.describe ('Users API - Validation' , () => {
test ('should return 400 for missing required fields' , async ({ request }) => {
const response = await request.post ('/users' , {
data : { name : 'No Email User' },
});
expect (response.status ()).toBe (400 );
const body = await response.json ();
expect (body.details ).toHaveProperty ('email' );
});
test ('should return 400 for invalid email format' , async ({ request }) => {
const response = await request.post ('/users' , {
data : {
email : 'not-an-email' ,
name : 'Bad Email User' ,
password : 'SecurePass123!' ,
},
});
expect (response.status ()).toBe (400 );
const body = await response.json ();
expect (body.details .email ).toContain ('must be a valid email' );
});
test ('should return 409 for duplicate email' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const email = `duplicate-${Date .now()} @example.com` ;
const userData = { email, name : 'First' , password : 'Pass123!' };
await usersApi.create (userData);
const response = await usersApi.create (userData);
expect (response.status ()).toBe (409 );
});
test ('should return 404 for non-existent resource' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const response = await usersApi.getById ('non-existent-id' );
expect (response.status ()).toBe (404 );
});
});
Pagination and Filtering test.describe ('Users API - Pagination' , () => {
test ('should return paginated results' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const response = await usersApi.list (1 , 5 );
expect (response.status ()).toBe (200 );
const body = await response.json ();
expect (body.data .length ).toBeLessThanOrEqual (5 );
expect (body.page ).toBe (1 );
expect (body.pageSize ).toBe (5 );
expect (body.total ).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual (0 );
});
test ('should return correct page' , async ({ usersApi }) => {
const page1 = await (await usersApi.list (1 , 2 )).json ();
const page2 = await (await usersApi.list (2 , 2 )).json ();
const page1Ids = page1.data .map ((u : { id: string } u.id );
const page2Ids = page2.data .map ((u : { id: string } u.id );
const overlap = page1Ids.filter ((id : string page2Ids.includes (id));
expect (overlap).toHaveLength (0 );
});
});
Response Header Validation test ('should return correct response headers' , async ({ request }) => {
const response = await request.get ('/users' );
expect (response.headers ()['content-type' ]).toContain ('application/json' );
expect (response.headers ()['x-request-id' ]).toBeTruthy ();
expect (response.headers ()['cache-control' ]).toBeDefined ();
expect (response.headers ()['x-content-type-options' ]).toBe ('nosniff' );
expect (response.headers ()['x-frame-options' ]).toBe ('DENY' );
});
Response Time Assertions test ('should respond within acceptable time' , async ({ request }) => {
const start = Date .now ();
const response = await request.get ('/health' );
const duration = Date .now () - start;
expect (response.status ()).toBe (200 );
expect (duration).toBeLessThan (500 );
});
Best Practices
Use unique test data -- Include timestamps or UUIDs in emails and names to avoid collisions.Clean up after tests -- Delete resources you create to keep the test environment clean.Validate response schemas -- Check not just values but the shape of the response.Test both happy and unhappy paths -- Always test error cases and edge cases.Use environment variables -- Never hardcode URLs or credentials.Group tests logically -- Organize by resource or feature, not by HTTP method.Use fixtures for authentication -- Avoid repeating login logic in every test.Check response times -- API performance is part of correctness.Test idempotency -- Verify that repeated identical requests produce consistent results.Version your API tests -- When testing versioned APIs, organize tests by version.
Anti-Patterns to Avoid
Chaining test dependencies -- Each test must create its own data.Ignoring response headers -- Headers carry important metadata.Testing only status codes -- Always validate the response body too.Using hardcoded IDs -- IDs should come from test setup, not hardcoded values.Skipping error scenarios -- Error handling tests catch more bugs than happy-path tests.Not testing with different roles -- API authorization must be tested per role.Mixing UI and API tests -- Keep API tests separate from E2E browser tests.Not verifying side effects -- If POST creates a resource, GET it to confirm.Ignoring rate limiting -- Test that rate limits are enforced and handle 429 responses.Not testing with large payloads -- Ensure APIs handle boundary sizes correctly.
Advanced Patterns
Parallel API Test with Context Isolation test.describe .parallel ('Isolated API tests' , () => {
test ('test A creates and deletes user A' , async ({ request }) => {
const res = await request.post ('/users' , {
data : { email : `a-${Date .now()} @test.com` , name : 'A' , password : 'Pass123!' },
});
const user = await res.json ();
await request.delete (`/users/${user.id} ` );
});
test ('test B creates and deletes user B' , async ({ request }) => {
const res = await request.post ('/users' , {
data : { email : `b-${Date .now()} @test.com` , name : 'B' , password : 'Pass123!' },
});
const user = await res.json ();
await request.delete (`/users/${user.id} ` );
});
});
Custom Request Context with Auth test ('admin-only endpoint' , async ({ playwright }) => {
const adminContext = await playwright.request .newContext ({
baseURL : 'http://localhost:3000/api' ,
extraHTTPHeaders : {
Authorization : 'Bearer admin-token-here' ,
},
});
const response = await adminContext.get ('/admin/settings' );
expect (response.status ()).toBe (200 );
await adminContext.dispose ();
});
File Upload via API import * as fs from 'fs' ;
import * as path from 'path' ;
test ('should upload a file via API' , async ({ request }) => {
const filePath = path.resolve ('test-data/sample.pdf' );
const fileBuffer = fs.readFileSync (filePath);
const response = await request.post ('/files/upload' , {
multipart : {
file : {
name : 'sample.pdf' ,
mimeType : 'application/pdf' ,
buffer : fileBuffer,
},
description : 'Test upload' ,
},
});
expect (response.status ()).toBe (201 );
const body = await response.json ();
expect (body.filename ).toBe ('sample.pdf' );
expect (body.size ).toBeGreaterThan (0 );
});
