| name | py-patterns |
| description | Python architecture reference - frameworks, design patterns, type system, async patterns, and production best practices for 2024-2025. Use when making architectural decisions, reviewing Python code, or selecting libraries. |
| user-invocable | true |
| argument-hint | [frameworks|patterns|architecture|practices|features|all] |
Python Architecture Reference (2024-2025)
Comprehensive reference for Python architectural decisions. Use $ARGUMENTS to focus on a specific area, or browse all sections.
Quick Navigation
- For framework selection and comparisons, see frameworks.md
- For design patterns (pythonic creational, structural, behavioral), see design-patterns.md
- For architecture patterns (Clean, Hexagonal, DDD, DI, project layout), see architecture.md
- For best practices (type hints, testing, tooling, DO/DON'T), see best-practices.md
- For language features (generators, protocols, match, GIL, decorators), see language-features.md
Decision Framework
- Web framework: API-only -> FastAPI. Full-stack/admin -> Django. Minimal/scripts -> Flask. High-perf ASGI -> Litestar/Starlette
- Database: Default -> SQLAlchemy 2.0. FastAPI simple -> SQLModel. Async PG -> Tortoise. Lightweight -> Peewee
- Validation: API boundaries -> Pydantic v2. Internal domain -> dataclasses. Ultra-fast serialization -> msgspec
- Data processing: Default -> pandas. Large/fast -> Polars. Numeric -> NumPy
- Task queue: Enterprise -> Celery. Simple/modern -> Dramatiq. Async-native -> arq
- Package mgmt: New projects -> uv. Existing -> Poetry. Legacy -> pip+venv
- Testing: Always pytest. Property-based -> Hypothesis. E2E -> Playwright
Modern Idiomatic Stack (2025)
Replacing: Flask + GORM + logrus + pip + Flake8 + Black + isort
With: FastAPI + Pydantic v2 + SQLAlchemy 2.0 + uv + Ruff + structlog
Python Evolution
| Version | Key Features |
|---|
| 3.10 | Pattern matching (match/case), X | Y union syntax |
| 3.11 | ~25% faster, ExceptionGroup, TaskGroup, tomllib |
| 3.12 | Type parameter syntax (type X[T]), f-string improvements |
| 3.13 | Free-threaded (experimental), JIT (experimental), new REPL, iOS/Android |
| 3.14 | t-strings, deferred annotations, InterpreterPoolExecutor, free-threaded official, tail-call interp |
Python in Production
| Company | Scale |
|---|
| Instagram | 1.2B monthly users on Django |
| Netflix | Central Alert Gateway, Dispatch (FastAPI), security automation |
| Spotify | Backend, data analysis, ML, Luigi pipelines (~6K processes) |
| Google | YouTube backend, search algorithms, Gmail |
| JPMorgan | Athena platform (pricing, risk management) |
| Uber | Ludwig ML framework (FastAPI REST server) |
Related Skills
