niri

name	niri
description	Niri Wayland compositor control via IPC - window management, workspace operations, output configuration, and compositor automation

Niri Compositor Control

Use this skill when working with Niri compositor operations, window management, or workspace automation.

Activation Triggers

Activate this skill ONLY when the user explicitly mentions:

• Niri compositor operations
• Generic Window positioning or management
• Workspace control and organization
• Output/monitor configuration changes
• Niri IPC automation
• Compositor state queries
• You are running on Linux,
• Niri is installed and active

Do NOT activate automatically - this is an on-demand skill that requires explicit user request.

Capabilities

This skill provides:

• Window management (focus, move, resize, float/tile)
• Workspace operations (create, name, navigate, organize)
• Output configuration (resolution, scale, position, VRR)
• Column-based layout control (Niri's scrollable tiling)
• Real-time compositor state queries
• IPC automation and scripting
• Event stream monitoring

Available Tools

• niri msg: Primary IPC interface for compositor control
• distrobox-host-exec: Required wrapper to reach host compositor from containers
• JSON output: All commands support --json flag for scripting

Context Awareness

Environment Detection

• Running in distrobox container - use distrobox-host-exec niri msg
• Niri version 25.11+ with full IPC support
• KDL configuration format
• DMS (DankMaterialShell) integration present

Core Concepts

Niri's Layout Model

Scrollable Tiling: Unlike i3/sway, Niri uses horizontal scrolling columns:

• Windows are organized in columns
• Columns can contain multiple windows (stacked/tabbed)
• Scroll horizontally through columns
• Each workspace has independent columns
• Column index starts at 1 (not 0)

Key Differences from Traditional Tilers:

• Not binary split (no automatic right/left split)
• Navigate by scrolling, not by directional splits
• Columns can be repositioned by index
• Multiple windows per column form a vertical stack

Window States

• Tiled: Default state, in scrollable column layout
• Floating: Positioned absolutely, outside column flow
• Fullscreen: Takes entire output
• Maximized: Column fills available width

Workspace Model

• Multiple workspaces per output/monitor
• Workspaces can be named (optional)
• Reference by number (1, 2, 3...) or name
• Each workspace has independent column layout
• Empty workspaces will auto remove in a few seconds

Common Operations

Query Compositor State

# List all windows with details
distrobox-host-exec niri msg windows
distrobox-host-exec niri msg --json windows

# List outputs (monitors)
distrobox-host-exec niri msg outputs

# List workspaces
distrobox-host-exec niri msg workspaces

# Get focused window
distrobox-host-exec niri msg focused-window

# Get focused output
distrobox-host-exec niri msg focused-output

# Check overview state
distrobox-host-exec niri msg overview-state

Window Management

# Focus window by ID
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-window --id <WINDOW_ID>

# Move window to different workspace
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-workspace --window-id <ID> --focus false <WORKSPACE_NUM>

# Toggle floating
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action toggle-window-floating --id <ID>
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-floating --id <ID>
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-tiling --id <ID>

# Resize window
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-window-width --id <ID> "50%"
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-window-height --id <ID> "30%"

# Close window
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action close-window --id <ID>

# Fullscreen
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action fullscreen-window --id <ID>

Column Control (Niri-Specific)

# Move column to specific horizontal position
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-window --id <WINDOW_ID>
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-column-to-index <COLUMN_INDEX>

# Column index starts at 1 (leftmost)
# Higher numbers = further right

# Move column left/right
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-column-left
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-column-right

# Center column on screen
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action center-column

# Maximize column width
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action maximize-column

Workspace Operations

# Focus workspace by number
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-workspace 1

# Focus workspace by name
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-workspace "development"

# Name current workspace
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-workspace-name "myproject"

# Name specific workspace
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-workspace-name --workspace 2 "email"

# Unset workspace name (back to number only)
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action unset-workspace-name
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action unset-workspace-name 2

Floating Window Positioning

# Float a window first
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-floating --id <ID>

# Move to specific position
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-floating-window --id <ID> --x 0 --y 1000

# Position is absolute in logical pixels
# For bottom-left: x=0, y=(screen_height - window_height - margin)

Output Configuration (Temporary)

# Change resolution/refresh rate
distrobox-host-exec niri msg output "DP-1" mode 3440 1440 159.962

# Change scale
distrobox-host-exec niri msg output "DP-1" scale 1.5

# Reposition output
distrobox-host-exec niri msg output "DP-2" position 3440 200

# Enable VRR
distrobox-host-exec niri msg output "DP-1" vrr on

# Turn output off/on
distrobox-host-exec niri msg output "DP-2" off
distrobox-host-exec niri msg output "DP-2" on

Interactive Tools

# Pick window with mouse
distrobox-host-exec niri msg pick-window

# Pick color from screen
distrobox-host-exec niri msg pick-color

Workflow Patterns

Organize Windows by App Type

# Get all windows
windows=$(distrobox-host-exec niri msg --json windows)

# Sort by app_id and move to organized columns
# 1. Get Firefox windows
# 2. Get terminal windows
# 3. Get communication apps (Discord, Slack)
# 4. Move each group to sequential column positions

# Example:
# Column 1: Terminals
# Column 2: Communication
# Columns 3+: Browsers

Move All Windows to New Workspace

# Get all window IDs from workspace N
window_ids=$(distrobox-host-exec niri msg --json windows | \
  grep -o '"id":[0-9]*.*"workspace_id":N' | \
  grep -o '^"id":[0-9]*' | cut -d: -f2)

# Move each to target workspace without following
for id in $window_ids; do
  distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-workspace \
    --window-id $id --focus false <TARGET_WORKSPACE>
done

Create Monitoring Workspace

# Move to new workspace
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-workspace 5

# Name it
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-workspace-name "monitoring"

# Spawn monitoring windows
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action spawn -- alacritty -e btop
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action spawn -- alacritty -e htop
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action spawn -- alacritty -e top

Float and Corner Position

# Get window ID
WINDOW_ID=<id>

# Float it
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-floating --id $WINDOW_ID

# Resize to corner-appropriate size
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-window-width --id $WINDOW_ID "25%"
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-window-height --id $WINDOW_ID "30%"

# Position in bottom-left corner (for 1440p display)
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-floating-window --id $WINDOW_ID --x 0 --y 1000

Best Practices

Always Use distrobox-host-exec

Since you're running in a container, always wrap niri msg:

distrobox-host-exec niri msg <command>

Get Window IDs First

Before operating on windows, get their IDs:

# Human-readable
distrobox-host-exec niri msg windows | grep "Window ID"

# For scripting
distrobox-host-exec niri msg --json windows | grep -o '"id":[0-9]*'

Use --focus Flag Appropriately

When moving windows:

• --focus true (default): Follow window to new workspace
• --focus false: Keep focus on current workspace

# Move but stay on current workspace
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-workspace \
  --window-id 308 --focus false 2

Reference Workspaces Consistently

• Use numbers for unnamed workspaces: 1, 2, 3
• Use names for named workspaces: "development", "monitoring"
• Don't mix - if workspace has name, use the name

Understand Column Indexing

• Column index starts at 1 (not 0)
• Higher index = further right in layout
• Moving to index beyond current columns appends to end
• Columns re-index automatically when one is removed

Validate Configuration

Before making config changes:

distrobox-host-exec niri validate

Monitor Events

For automation, use event stream:

distrobox-host-exec niri msg event-stream
# Outputs real-time events (window open/close, focus changes, etc.)

Integration with Other Skills

With Containers Skill

Spawn containerized apps in specific workspaces:

# Switch to workspace
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-workspace "containers"

# Spawn container with GUI
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action spawn -- \
  distrobox enter dev -- firefox

With DMS Integration

Many operations go through DMS IPC:

# DMS shortcuts
dms ipc call spotlight toggle
dms ipc call clipboard toggle

# Direct niri equivalent
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action spawn -- <command>

Limitations and Notes

Workspace Deletion

• Cannot delete workspaces - No IPC command exists, a workspace must be empty and unnamed to be cleaned up
• Can only unset names or ignore them

Configuration Changes

• Output changes via IPC are temporary
• Reset on config reload or compositor restart
• For permanent changes, edit ~/.config/niri/config.kdl with chezmoi

Window Identification

• Window IDs change across sessions
• Don't hardcode IDs - always query first
• Use app_id and title for matching if needed

Column Behavior

• Columns auto-collapse when last window removed
• Column indices shift when column removed
• Can't pre-create empty columns

JSON Parsing

• If you are missing jq, run it via mise exec

Troubleshooting

Commands Not Working

Check compositor version:

distrobox-host-exec niri msg version
# Should be 25.11+

Window Not Moving

Verify window exists and get correct ID:

distrobox-host-exec niri msg windows | grep -A 5 "Window ID: <id>"

Workspace Issues

List all workspaces to see current state:

distrobox-host-exec niri msg workspaces

Output Configuration Not Applying

Remember changes are temporary:

# Won't persist across restarts
distrobox-host-exec niri msg output "DP-1" mode 3440 1440 159.962

Related Documentation

• Niri Wiki: https://github.com/YaLTeR/niri/wiki
• DMS integration: dms --help
• Config validation: distrobox-host-exec niri validate

Quick Reference

Most Common Commands

# Query
distrobox-host-exec niri msg windows
distrobox-host-exec niri msg workspaces
distrobox-host-exec niri msg outputs

# Focus
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-window --id <ID>
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-workspace <NUM>

# Move
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-workspace --window-id <ID> <WORKSPACE>
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-column-to-index <INDEX>

# Float
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action toggle-window-floating --id <ID>

# Resize
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-window-width --id <ID> "50%"

# Spawn
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action spawn -- <command>

Example: Complete Window Organization

# 1. Query current state
distrobox-host-exec niri msg windows > /tmp/windows.txt

# 2. Identify windows by app
TERMINAL_IDS=$(grep -B2 "Alacritty" /tmp/windows.txt | grep "Window ID" | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d ':')
FIREFOX_IDS=$(grep -B2 "firefox" /tmp/windows.txt | grep "Window ID" | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d ':')

# 3. Move to workspace 1
for id in $TERMINAL_IDS $FIREFOX_IDS; do
  distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-window-to-workspace --window-id $id --focus false 1
done

# 4. Organize columns (focus each, move to position)
col=1
for id in $TERMINAL_IDS; do
  distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-window --id $id
  distrobox-host-exec niri msg action move-column-to-index $col
  ((col++))
done

# 5. Name workspace
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action focus-workspace 1
distrobox-host-exec niri msg action set-workspace-name "organized"

Skill Activation Reminder

This skill should ONLY be activated when explicitly requested by the user.

Do not automatically use this skill for general window management discussions. Wait for specific mentions of:

• "use niri msg"
• "control niri"
• "organize my windows"
• "move windows via IPC"
• Other explicit niri compositor operations

This prevents unnecessary invocation and keeps the skill focused on actual compositor automation tasks.