nx-workspace-patterns

name	nx-workspace-patterns
description	Configure and optimize Nx monorepo workspaces. Use when setting up Nx, configuring project boundaries, optimizing build caching, or implementing affected commands.

Nx Workspace Patterns

Production patterns for Nx monorepo management.

When to Use This Skill

• Setting up new Nx workspaces
• Configuring project boundaries
• Optimizing CI with affected commands
• Implementing remote caching
• Managing dependencies between projects
• Migrating to Nx

Core Concepts

1. Nx Architecture

workspace/
├── apps/              # Deployable applications
│   ├── web/
│   └── api/
├── libs/              # Shared libraries
│   ├── shared/
│   │   ├── ui/
│   │   └── utils/
│   └── feature/
│       ├── auth/
│       └── dashboard/
├── tools/             # Custom executors/generators
├── nx.json            # Nx configuration
└── workspace.json     # Project configuration

2. Library Types

Type	Purpose	Example
feature	Smart components, business logic	feature-auth
ui	Presentational components	ui-buttons
data-access	API calls, state management	data-access-users
util	Pure functions, helpers	util-formatting
shell	App bootstrapping	shell-web

Templates

Template 1: nx.json Configuration

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/nx/schemas/nx-schema.json",
  "npmScope": "myorg",
  "affected": {
    "defaultBase": "main"
  },
  "tasksRunnerOptions": {
    "default": {
      "runner": "nx/tasks-runners/default",
      "options": {
        "cacheableOperations": [
          "build",
          "lint",
          "test",
          "e2e",
          "build-storybook"
        ],
        "parallel": 3
      }
    }
  },
  "targetDefaults": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["production", "^production"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "test": {
      "inputs": ["default", "^production", "{workspaceRoot}/jest.preset.js"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "lint": {
      "inputs": ["default", "{workspaceRoot}/.eslintrc.json"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "e2e": {
      "inputs": ["default", "^production"],
      "cache": true
    }
  },
  "namedInputs": {
    "default": ["{projectRoot}/**/*", "sharedGlobals"],
    "production": [
      "default",
      "!{projectRoot}/**/?(*.)+(spec|test).[jt]s?(x)?(.snap)",
      "!{projectRoot}/tsconfig.spec.json",
      "!{projectRoot}/jest.config.[jt]s",
      "!{projectRoot}/.eslintrc.json"
    ],
    "sharedGlobals": [
      "{workspaceRoot}/babel.config.json",
      "{workspaceRoot}/tsconfig.base.json"
    ]
  },
  "generators": {
    "@nx/react": {
      "application": {
        "style": "css",
        "linter": "eslint",
        "bundler": "webpack"
      },
      "library": {
        "style": "css",
        "linter": "eslint"
      },
      "component": {
        "style": "css"
      }
    }
  }
}

Template 2: Project Configuration

// apps/web/project.json
{
  "name": "web",
  "$schema": "../../node_modules/nx/schemas/project-schema.json",
  "sourceRoot": "apps/web/src",
  "projectType": "application",
  "tags": ["type:app", "scope:web"],
  "targets": {
    "build": {
      "executor": "@nx/webpack:webpack",
      "outputs": ["{options.outputPath}"],
      "defaultConfiguration": "production",
      "options": {
        "compiler": "babel",
        "outputPath": "dist/apps/web",
        "index": "apps/web/src/index.html",
        "main": "apps/web/src/main.tsx",
        "tsConfig": "apps/web/tsconfig.app.json",
        "assets": ["apps/web/src/assets"],
        "styles": ["apps/web/src/styles.css"]
      },
      "configurations": {
        "development": {
          "extractLicenses": false,
          "optimization": false,
          "sourceMap": true
        },
        "production": {
          "optimization": true,
          "outputHashing": "all",
          "sourceMap": false,
          "extractLicenses": true
        }
      }
    },
    "serve": {
      "executor": "@nx/webpack:dev-server",
      "defaultConfiguration": "development",
      "options": {
        "buildTarget": "web:build"
      },
      "configurations": {
        "development": {
          "buildTarget": "web:build:development"
        },
        "production": {
          "buildTarget": "web:build:production"
        }
      }
    },
    "test": {
      "executor": "@nx/jest:jest",
      "outputs": ["{workspaceRoot}/coverage/{projectRoot}"],
      "options": {
        "jestConfig": "apps/web/jest.config.ts",
        "passWithNoTests": true
      }
    },
    "lint": {
      "executor": "@nx/eslint:lint",
      "outputs": ["{options.outputFile}"],
      "options": {
        "lintFilePatterns": ["apps/web/**/*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}"]
      }
    }
  }
}

Template 3: Module Boundary Rules

// .eslintrc.json
{
  "root": true,
  "ignorePatterns": ["**/*"],
  "plugins": ["@nx"],
  "overrides": [
    {
      "files": ["*.ts", "*.tsx", "*.js", "*.jsx"],
      "rules": {
        "@nx/enforce-module-boundaries": [
          "error",
          {
            "enforceBuildableLibDependency": true,
            "allow": [],
            "depConstraints": [
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:app",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": [
                  "type:feature",
                  "type:ui",
                  "type:data-access",
                  "type:util"
                ]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:feature",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": [
                  "type:ui",
                  "type:data-access",
                  "type:util"
                ]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:ui",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["type:ui", "type:util"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:data-access",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["type:data-access", "type:util"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:util",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["type:util"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "scope:web",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["scope:web", "scope:shared"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "scope:api",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["scope:api", "scope:shared"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "scope:shared",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["scope:shared"]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Template 4: Custom Generator

// tools/generators/feature-lib/index.ts
import {
  Tree,
  formatFiles,
  generateFiles,
  joinPathFragments,
  names,
  readProjectConfiguration,
} from "@nx/devkit";
import { libraryGenerator } from "@nx/react";

interface FeatureLibraryGeneratorSchema {
  name: string;
  scope: string;
  directory?: string;
}

export default async function featureLibraryGenerator(
  tree: Tree,
  options: FeatureLibraryGeneratorSchema,
) {
  const { name, scope, directory } = options;
  const projectDirectory = directory
    ? `${directory}/${name}`
    : `libs/${scope}/feature-${name}`;

  // Generate base library
  await libraryGenerator(tree, {
    name: `feature-${name}`,
    directory: projectDirectory,
    tags: `type:feature,scope:${scope}`,
    style: "css",
    skipTsConfig: false,
    skipFormat: true,
    unitTestRunner: "jest",
    linter: "eslint",
  });

  // Add custom files
  const projectConfig = readProjectConfiguration(
    tree,
    `${scope}-feature-${name}`,
  );
  const projectNames = names(name);

  generateFiles(
    tree,
    joinPathFragments(__dirname, "files"),
    projectConfig.sourceRoot,
    {
      ...projectNames,
      scope,
      tmpl: "",
    },
  );

  await formatFiles(tree);
}

Template 5: CI Configuration with Affected

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

env:
  NX_CLOUD_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NX_CLOUD_ACCESS_TOKEN }}

jobs:
  main:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20
          cache: "npm"

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Derive SHAs for affected commands
        uses: nrwl/nx-set-shas@v4

      - name: Run affected lint
        run: npx nx affected -t lint --parallel=3

      - name: Run affected test
        run: npx nx affected -t test --parallel=3 --configuration=ci

      - name: Run affected build
        run: npx nx affected -t build --parallel=3

      - name: Run affected e2e
        run: npx nx affected -t e2e --parallel=1

Template 6: Remote Caching Setup

// nx.json with Nx Cloud
{
  "tasksRunnerOptions": {
    "default": {
      "runner": "nx-cloud",
      "options": {
        "cacheableOperations": ["build", "lint", "test", "e2e"],
        "accessToken": "your-nx-cloud-token",
        "parallel": 3,
        "cacheDirectory": ".nx/cache"
      }
    }
  },
  "nxCloudAccessToken": "your-nx-cloud-token"
}

// Self-hosted cache with S3
{
  "tasksRunnerOptions": {
    "default": {
      "runner": "@nx-aws-cache/nx-aws-cache",
      "options": {
        "cacheableOperations": ["build", "lint", "test"],
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "awsBucket": "my-nx-cache-bucket",
        "awsProfile": "default"
      }
    }
  }
}

Common Commands

# Generate new library
nx g @nx/react:lib feature-auth --directory=libs/web --tags=type:feature,scope:web

# Run affected tests
nx affected -t test --base=main

# View dependency graph
nx graph

# Run specific project
nx build web --configuration=production

# Reset cache
nx reset

# Run migrations
nx migrate latest
nx migrate --run-migrations

Best Practices

Do's

• Use tags consistently - Enforce with module boundaries
• Enable caching early - Significant CI savings
• Keep libs focused - Single responsibility
• Use generators - Ensure consistency
• Document boundaries - Help new developers

Don'ts

• Don't create circular deps - Graph should be acyclic
• Don't skip affected - Test only what changed
• Don't ignore boundaries - Tech debt accumulates
• Don't over-granularize - Balance lib count