| name | kannada-reference-grammar |
| description | The definitive reference for Kannada grammar using D. N. Shankara Bhat's 4-volume *ಕನ್ನಡ ಬರಹದ ಸೊಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ* (Book 07). Covers the complete Kannada grammar: phonology and writing system (Ch 1), noun word structure (Ch 2), other word classes and compound verbs (Ch 3), the full 36-form verb paradigm (Ch 4), verb usage and aspect (Ch 5), noun phrase and semantic roles/pAngu (Ch 6), simple sentences (Ch 7), complex/compound sentences and co-reference constraint (Ch 8), pronouns (Ch 9), demonstratives (Ch 10), and the writing/speech distinction (Ch 9 Vol 2). Also covers Bhat's native Kannada grammatical terminology throughout. Use this for deep or comprehensive grammar questions. Trigger phrases: "Book 07", "sollarime", "ಸೊಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ", "36 verb forms", "pAngu", "ಪಾಂಗು", "mADuga patient agent Kannada", "compound verb Kannada", "converb Kannada", "modalEsaka mArEsaka", "Kannada grammar reference", "complete Kannada grammar", "hosa baraha grammar".
|
Kannada Reference Grammar (Book 07)
ಕನ್ನಡ ಬರಹದ ಸೊಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ (Kannada Barahada Sollarime) — D. N. Shankara Bhat's
4-volume descriptive grammar of written Kannada. The most comprehensive single
reference on Kannada grammar in the ettuge corpus.
Why This Book Is Central
This is Bhat's magnum opus on Kannada grammar — 4 volumes (Vols 1–4 available,
Vols 5–7 not yet extracted), covering the entire language from phonology through
morphology to syntax, using entirely native Kannada grammatical terminology.
Relationship to other skills:
kannada-morphology: the application layer (generate forms). This skill: the reference layer (understand why)kannada-syntax: draws on Books 25 + 07. This skill: Book 07 only, in full depthold-kannada-grammar: Book 14 (what's wrong with Sanskrit-based grammar). This skill: Book 07 (what correct Kannada grammar looks like)
Structure: 4 Volumes, 10 Chapters
| Vol | Chapters | Topic | Fetch approach |
|---|
| Vol 1 | Ch 1–4 | Phonology + Morphology | chapter pages ch0–ch4 |
| Vol 2 | Ch 5–6 | Verb usage + Noun phrases | chapter pages ch0–ch2 |
| Vol 3 | Ch 7–8 | Verbal arguments + Alternations | load full (~1,071 lines) |
| Vol 4 | Ch 9–10 | Pronouns + Demonstratives | load full (~1,197 lines) |
Chapter Reference
Vol 1 — Morphology
Ch 1 — ಮುನ್ನೋಟ (Preview)
Grammar vs. vyakarana; speech vs. writing distinction; writing system, sandhi, sentence overview.
book/vol1/kn/ch1
Ch 2 — ಹೆಸರುಪದಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ (Noun Structure)
11 sandhi rules; 16+ noun-deriving suffixes (-ike, -ta, -a, -vaLi, ...); compound nouns.
book/vol1/kn/ch2
Ch 3 — ಉಳಿದ ಪದಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ (Other Word Classes)
Causative -isu; 12 compound-verb light verbs (biDu, koDu, koLLu, hogu...); qualifiers (non-inflecting); loanword treatment.
book/vol1/kn/ch3
Ch 4 — ಪದರೂಪಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ (The 36 Verb Forms)
23 finite forms (past/non-past × 9 agreement + 5 negative) + 13 non-finite:
- modalEsaka — prior-action converb ("having done X, then Y")
- mArEsaka — purposive converb ("in order to do X")
- oDanEsaka — simultaneous converb ("while doing X")
- Past/present/negative participials; verbal noun (-uvudu)
book/vol1/kn/ch4
Vol 2 — Verb Usage + Noun Phrases
Ch 5 — ಎಸಕಪದಗಳ ಬಳಕೆ (Verb Usage)
Main (tiruLesakapada) vs. auxiliary (neravesakapada); tense reference; aspect with iru; modals.
book/vol2/kn/ch1
Ch 6 — ಪದಕಂತೆಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ (Noun Phrase + Semantic Roles)
pAngugaLu (arguments); mADuga (agent), paDuvaga (patient); case semantics.
book/vol2/kn/ch2
Vol 3 — Verbal Arguments (Ch 7–8)
Ch 7 — Argument frames for transitive/intransitive/ditransitive verbs.
Ch 8 — Argument alternations: causative (-isu), middle (-koLLu), reciprocal, agent suppression (paDu passive).
book/vol3/kn/full
Vol 4 — Pronouns + Demonstratives (Ch 9–10)
Ch 9 — Personal pronouns: nānu/nīnu/tānu/avanu/avaLu/adu + plural forms + case paradigms.
Ch 10 — Demonstratives: i- (proximal) vs. ā- (distal) stems; definite/indefinite deixis.
book/vol4/kn/full
Key Terminology
| Bhat's Kannada | Eke | Sanskrit avoided | English |
|---|
| ಸೊಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ | sollarime | vyAkaraNa | Grammar |
| ಹೆಸರುಪದ | hesarupada | nAmapada | Noun |
| ಎಸಕಪದ | esakapada | kriyApada | Verb |
| ಪರಿಚೆಪದ | paricepada | viSESaNa | Qualifier (non-inflecting) |
| ಪದಕಂತೆ | padakante | nAmapada kante | Noun phrase |
| ಪಾಂಗು | pAngu | kAraka | Semantic role / argument |
| ಮಾಡುಗ | mADuga | kartA | Agent |
| ಪಡುವಗ | paDuvaga | karma | Patient |
| ತಿರುಳೆಸಕಪದ | tiruLesakapada | mukhya kriyA | Main verb |
| ನೆರವೆಸಕಪದ | neravesakapada | sahAyaka kriyA | Auxiliary verb |
| ಮೊದಲೆಸಕ | modalEsaka | ktvA pratyaya | Prior-action converb |
| ಮಾರೆಸಕ | mArEsaka | tumanta | Purposive converb |
| ಒಡನೆಸಕ | oDanEsaka | satisaptami | Simultaneous converb |
| ಜೋಡುಸೊಲ್ಲು | jODusoLLu | samyukta vAkya | Compound sentence |
| ಅಡಕಸೊಲ್ಲು | aDakasoLLu | miSra vAkya | Embedded/complex sentence |
| ಸುಳುಸೊಲ್ಲು | suLusoLLu | sAdhAraNa vAkya | Simple sentence |
| ಹೊಸ ಬರಹ | hosa baraha | — | Reformed spelling (no mahaprana) |
Fetch URLs
Base: https://vwulf.github.io/ettuge/kannaDa/dnsbhat/07-kannaDa-barahada-sollarime
| Question type | Fetch |
|---|
| Verb paradigm (36 forms) | book/vol1/kn/ch4 |
| Aspect / tense / auxiliaries | book/vol2/kn/ch1 |
| Noun phrases, case, agent/patient | book/vol2/kn/ch2 |
| Causatives, passives, alternations | book/vol3/kn/full |
| Pronouns | book/vol4/kn/full |
| Compound verbs (biDu, koLLu...) | book/vol1/kn/ch3 |
| Noun suffixes, sandhi | book/vol1/kn/ch2 |
| All volumes index | book/kn/full |
Never load vol1 or vol2 full.md — they are 20,000+ lines. Always use chapter pages.
