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Git best practices, branch management, and commit discipline for effective version control.
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| name | git-workflow |
| description | Git best practices, branch management, and commit discipline for effective version control. |
Git best practices, branch management strategies, and commit discipline for effective version control.
Guides you through Git best practices including branch management, commit discipline, and collaboration workflows.
Git Flow (Classic):
main (production)
↑
develop (development)
↑
feature/* (features)
↑
hotfix/* (emergency fixes)
release/* (release preparation)
GitHub Flow (Simple):
main (production)
↑
feature/* (features)
Trunk-Based Development:
main (everything)
↑
Short-lived feature branches (merge quickly)
Create Feature Branch:
# Start from develop or main
git checkout develop
git pull
# Create feature branch
git checkout -b feature/user-authentication
# Work on feature
# Make commits...
# Push to remote
git push -u origin feature/user-authentication
Commit Discipline:
# Stage changes
git add path/to/file.py
# Commit with clear message
git commit -m "feat: add user authentication endpoint"
# Multiple files
git add src/auth/
git commit -m "feat: implement OAuth2 flow"
# Amend commit (before pushing)
git commit --amend -m "feat: add user authentication with OAuth2"
Create Pull Request:
PR Description Template:
## Description
Brief description of changes
## Type of Change
- [ ] Bug fix
- [ ] New feature
- [ ] Breaking change
- [ ] Documentation update
## Testing
- [ ] Unit tests pass
- [ ] Integration tests pass
- [ ] Manual testing completed
## Checklist
- [ ] Code follows style guidelines
- [ ] Self-review completed
- [ ] Comments added for complex code
- [ ] Documentation updated
- [ ] No new warnings
Merge vs Rebase:
# Merge (preserves history)
git checkout main
git merge feature/user-authentication
# Rebase (linear history)
git checkout feature/user-authentication
git rebase main
# Interactive rebase (clean up commits)
git rebase -i HEAD~3
Resolve Conflicts:
# During merge/rebase, conflicts occur
# Git marks conflicts with <<<<<<<, =======, >>>>>>>
# Open file and resolve conflicts
vim src/auth.py
# Mark as resolved
git add src/auth.py
# Continue merge/rebase
git merge --continue
# or
git rebase --continue
Commit Message Format:
<type>(<scope>): <subject>
<body>
<footer>
Types:
feat: New featurefix: Bug fixdocs: Documentationstyle: Code style (formatting)refactor: Code refactoringtest: Testschore: Maintenanceperf: Performance improvementci: CI/CD changesExamples:
feat(auth): add OAuth2 authentication flow
Implement OAuth2 with support for Google and GitHub providers.
Closes #123
fix(auth): resolve token refresh issue
Token refresh was failing due to incorrect timestamp comparison.
Fixes #456
Tagging:
# Tag release
git tag -a v1.0.0 -m "Release v1.0.0"
# Push tags
git push origin v1.0.0
git push origin --tags
# List tags
git tag
# Show tag details
git show v1.0.0
Clean Up History:
# Interactive rebase last 5 commits
git rebase -i HEAD~5
# Commands:
# pick = use commit
# reword = edit commit message
# edit = pause for changes
# squash = merge into previous commit
# fixup = merge into previous (no message)
# drop = remove commit
Pre-Commit Hook:
#!/bin/bash
# .git/hooks/pre-commit
# Run linter
npm run lint
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Linting failed"
exit 1
fi
# Run tests
npm test
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Tests failed"
exit 1
fi
Commit Message Hook:
#!/bin/bash
# .git/hooks/commit-msg
# Validate commit message format
if ! grep -qE '^(feat|fix|docs|style|refactor|test|chore|perf|ci)(\(.+\))?: .+' "$1"; then
echo "Invalid commit message format"
echo "Use: type(scope): subject"
exit 1
fi
Useful Aliases:
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.br branch
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.st status
git config --global alias.lg "log --graph --oneline --all"
git config --global alias.last "log -1 HEAD"
git config --global alias.unstage "reset HEAD --"
git config --global alias Amend "commit --amend --no-edit"
Binary Search History:
# Start bisect
git bisect start
# Mark current commit as bad
git bisect bad
# Mark known good commit
git bisect good v1.0.0
# Git will checkout middle commit
# Test and mark good or bad
git bisect good
# or
git bisect bad
# Continue until bug is found
# Reset to original state
git bisect reset
Pre-Merge Checks:
# .github/workflows/quality-gate.yml
name: Quality Gate
on: [pull_request]
jobs:
quality:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Lint
run: npm run lint
- name: Test
run: npm test
- name: Security Scan
run: npm audit
- name: Build
run: npm run build
Track Repository Health:
def analyze_repository_health(repo_path):
"""Analyze git repository health metrics"""
metrics = {
'commit_frequency': calculate_commit_frequency(repo_path),
'branch_divergence': calculate_branch_divergence(repo_path),
'merge_conflicts': count_merge_conflicts(repo_path),
'code_review_time': calculate_review_time(repo_path),
'deployment_frequency': calculate_deployment_frequency(repo_path)
}
return metrics
Do:
Don't: