| name | rails-file-management |
| description | Use this skill whenever organizing files for Rails tutorial lessons — _files/, _solution/,
templates, workspace paths. Trigger on: 'create _files', 'add _solution', 'template
inheritance', '.tk-config.json', 'extends path', 'workspace path', 'which files go where',
'add a gem', 'Gemfile', 'build-wasm', 'create a template', 'protected files', 'do not
override', or asking where to put Rails app code — even without mentioning file management.
Covers the three-layer merge model, built-in templates, `.tk-config.json` path formula for
different nesting depths, protected infrastructure files, and WASM gem build workflow. Do
NOT attempt file organization without this skill. Do NOT use for frontmatter (use
tutorial-lesson-config) or content hierarchy (use tutorial-content-structure).
|
Rails File Management
How to organize files across templates, _files, and _solution directories for Rails tutorial lessons.
The File Layering Model
When a lesson loads, TutorialKit merges files from multiple sources in this order:
Template (base) ← Runtime infrastructure, package.json, bin/, lib/
↓ overlaid by
_files/ (lesson) ← Lesson-specific Rails app code
↓ replaced on "Solve"
_solution/ (lesson) ← Completed/answer code
Files from each layer overlay the previous — same-path files are replaced, new files are added.
Two template mechanisms (don't confuse them):
template frontmatter field (e.g., template: default) — selects which base template JSON is loaded as the "Template (base)" layer. Almost always set in the part's meta.md. The tutorial's root meta.md contains rails-app—a minimal demo app used in the tutotiral._files/.tk-config.json with extends — extends the _files layer with files from another template directory. These provide the source code that overlays on top of the template used. Use it to share many files between lessons. Otherwise, prefer duplication and the template frontmatter..
IMPORTANT: Files added via the template frontmatter are not visible in the editor; only the _files contents (including _files/.tk-config.json's contents) are shown in the editor.
Templates
Templates live in src/templates/ and provide the base project structure for WebContainer.
Built-in Templates
| Template | Purpose | Inherits From |
|---|
default | Base Rails WASM runtime — Node.js wrappers, Express server, PGLite, WASM loader. Selected via template: default in frontmatter (the default). | (none) |
rails-app | Pre-generated Rails app at workspace/. Update this template to set up the base Rails app for the tutorial | default |
Template Inheritance
Templates can extend other templates via .tk-config.json:
{
"extends": "../rails-app"
}
The child template's files overlay on top of the parent's files.
Creating a New Template
Create a directory under src/templates/ with:
- A
.tk-config.json extending the appropriate parent
- The files that differ from the parent
Example: A template for a blog tutorial:
src/templates/blog-app/
.tk-config.json → { "extends": "../rails-app" }
workspace/
app/
models/post.rb
controllers/posts_controller.rb
views/posts/
index.html.erb
show.html.erb
config/routes.rb
db/
migrate/001_create_posts.rb
seeds.rb
What Belongs in a Template vs. a Lesson
| In a Template | In a Lesson's _files/ |
|---|
| Shared app structure used by multiple lessons | Files specific to one lesson |
| Models, migrations, seeds for a baseline state | Modifications the user will build upon |
| Routes and config shared across a chapter | One-off configuration changes |
| Complete working app states (scaffolded code) | Starter/skeleton files the user will complete |
Rule of thumb: If 3+ lessons need the same base state, create a template. If only one lesson uses it, put it in _files/.
_files/ Directory
The _files/ directory contains files shown to the user when the lesson loads. These are the starting state for the lesson.
Path Convention
All Rails app files must live under workspace/ to match the WASI preopen at /workspace:
_files/
workspace/
app/
controllers/
products_controller.rb
models/
product.rb
views/
products/
index.html.erb
config/
routes.rb
.tk-config.json Path Formula
The extends path in .tk-config.json is relative to the directory containing the .tk-config.json file. To reach src/templates/<name>, count the ../ segments based on your content nesting depth:
| Content structure | ../ count | Example extends value |
|---|
tutorial/lesson/_files/ | 4 | "../../../../templates/rails-app" |
tutorial/part/lesson/_files/ | 5 | "../../../../../templates/rails-app" |
tutorial/part/chapter/lesson/_files/ | 6 | "../../../../../../templates/rails-app" |
The count is: 1 (_files/) + 1 (lesson dir) + N (intermediate dirs: part, chapter) + 1 (tutorial/) + 1 (content/) = 4 + number of intermediate levels.
For the standard tutorial/part/lesson/_files/ structure used by most Rails tutorials, the path is always "../../../../../templates/<name>" (5 segments).
_solution/ Directory
The _solution/ directory contains the completed code for the lesson. When the user clicks "Solve", solution files replace the corresponding _files/.
Structure
Mirror the _files/ directory structure:
_solution/
workspace/
store/
app/
controllers/
products_controller.rb ← completed version
When to Use
- Code-editing lessons where the user modifies files — provide the finished version
- Not needed for terminal-only lessons (e.g., running
rails new, using the console)
Tips
_solution/ can include files not present in _files/ (e.g., a new file the user was asked to create)- Only include files that differ from the template +
_files/ — unchanged files don't need to appear
Do Not Override These Files
The following files are runtime infrastructure provided by the default template. Lessons should never include these in _files/ or _solution/:
| Path | Purpose |
|---|
package.json | npm dependencies (WASM runtime, Express, PGLite) |
bin/rails, bin/ruby, bin/console, bin/rackup | Node.js CLI wrappers |
lib/rails.js, lib/server.js, lib/database.js | WASM runtime, HTTP bridge, DB |
lib/boot-progress.js, lib/commands.js, lib/irb.js | Boot progress, command dispatch, IRB |
lib/server/frame_location_middleware.js | Express middleware for frame location |
lib/patches/authentication.rb | Auto-login patch |
lib/patches/app_generator.rb | Rails generator WASM compat patch |
scripts/ | Build and automation scripts |
pgdata/ | PGLite database storage |
Managing Gems
Adding Gems
Gems are compiled into the WASM binary. To add a gem:
- Edit
ruby-wasm/Gemfile in the project root
- Run
bin/build-wasm to rebuild the WASM binary
source "https://rubygems.org"
gem "wasmify-rails", "~> 0.4.0"
gem "rails", "~> 8.0.0"
gem "devise"
gem "friendly_id"
gem "pagy"
Gem Constraints
- Pure Ruby gems work without issues
- Gems with native C extensions need WASM-compatible builds — many common ones are already shimmed (see
rails-wasm-author-constraints skill)
- Rebuilding the WASM binary takes several minutes
- The resulting binary is ~80MB and includes all gems
Gemfile in Templates
The ruby-wasm/Gemfile is the single source of truth for which gems are available. Individual lessons cannot add gems at runtime — the Gemfile is baked into the WASM binary at build time.
If your tutorial teaches the user to "add a gem to the Gemfile", be aware that this is a conceptual exercise — the gem must already be compiled into the WASM binary for it to actually work when they run bundle install.
