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threejs-interaction Three.js user interaction — camera controls (OrbitControls, FirstPersonControls, PointerLockControls, FlyControls, MapControls), raycasting for click and hover detection, TransformControls, DragControls, SelectionBox, keyboard input, and touch handling. Use when implementing player input, object picking, camera movement, or any user-driven 3D interaction. Adapted from CloudAI-X/threejs-skills (MIT).
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name threejs-interaction description Three.js user interaction — camera controls (OrbitControls, FirstPersonControls, PointerLockControls, FlyControls, MapControls), raycasting for click and hover detection, TransformControls, DragControls, SelectionBox, keyboard input, and touch handling. Use when implementing player input, object picking, camera movement, or any user-driven 3D interaction. Adapted from CloudAI-X/threejs-skills (MIT). license MIT compatibility Portable reference skill for agents that support markdown skills or prompt files. Works best alongside project Three.js source files. Requires three/addons controls from the same Three.js version. disable-model-invocation true metadata {"owner":"game-delivery","version":"2.0.0","language":"en-GB","category":"web-rendering","upstream_references":["https://github.com/CloudAI-X/threejs-skills (MIT — see NOTICE.md)"],"tags":["three-js","interaction","raycasting","camera-controls","orbit-controls","pointer-lock","input","game-input"],"intents":["camera-controls","raycasting","object-picking","transform-gizmos","keyboard-input","touch-input"],"output_types":["code-example","api-reference","input-scheme"]}
Three.js Interaction
Quick Start
import * as THREE from 'three' ;
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js' ;
const controls = new OrbitControls (camera, renderer.domElement );
controls.enableDamping = true ;
controls.dampingFactor = 0.05 ;
function animate (requestAnimationFrame (animate);
controls.update ();
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
Camera Controls
OrbitControls — Rotate Around a Target
Best for: editors, product viewers, model inspection.
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js' ;
const controls = new OrbitControls (camera, renderer.domElement );
controls.enableDamping = true ;
controls.dampingFactor = 0.05 ;
controls.minDistance = 1 ;
controls.maxDistance = 50 ;
controls.minPolarAngle
0
maxPolarAngle
Math
PI
0.9
minAzimuthAngle
Math
PI
4
maxAzimuthAngle
Math
PI
4
enablePan
false
enableZoom
false
enableRotate
false
panSpeed
1.0
zoomSpeed
1.0
rotateSpeed
1.0
target
set
0
1
0
update
function
animate
update
render
PointerLockControls — First-Person Game Controls Best for: FPS games, immersive first-person experiences.
import { PointerLockControls } from 'three/addons/controls/PointerLockControls.js' ;
const controls = new PointerLockControls (camera, document .body );
document .addEventListener ('click' , () => controls.lock ());
controls.addEventListener ('lock' , () => console .log ('Pointer locked' ));
controls.addEventListener ('unlock' , () => console .log ('Pointer unlocked' ));
const keys = {};
document .addEventListener ('keydown' , e =>code ] = true );
document .addEventListener ('keyup' , e =>code ] = false );
const velocity = new THREE .Vector3 ();
const direction = new THREE .Vector3 ();
const moveSpeed = 10 ;
function animate (const delta = clock.getDelta ();
direction.z = Number (keys['KeyW' ]) - Number (keys['KeyS' ]);
direction.x = Number (keys['KeyD' ]) - Number (keys['KeyA' ]);
direction.normalize ();
if (keys['KeyW' ] || keys['KeyS' ]) velocity.z -= direction.z * moveSpeed * delta;
if (keys['KeyA' ] || keys['KeyD' ]) velocity.x -= direction.x * moveSpeed * delta;
velocity.x -= velocity.x * 10 * delta;
velocity.z -= velocity.z * 10 * delta;
controls.moveRight (-velocity.x * delta);
controls.moveForward (-velocity.z * delta);
requestAnimationFrame (animate);
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
FlyControls — Free-Flying Camera Best for: fly-through, level design views.
import { FlyControls } from 'three/addons/controls/FlyControls.js' ;
const controls = new FlyControls (camera, renderer.domElement );
controls.movementSpeed = 10 ;
controls.rollSpeed = Math .PI / 12 ;
controls.autoForward = false ;
controls.dragToLook = true ;
function animate (update (clock.getDelta ());
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
MapControls — Top-Down Map View Best for: strategy games, overhead editors.
import { MapControls } from 'three/addons/controls/MapControls.js' ;
const controls = new MapControls (camera, renderer.domElement );
controls.enableDamping = true ;
controls.screenSpacePanning = false ;
controls.minDistance = 5 ;
controls.maxDistance = 100 ;
controls.maxPolarAngle = Math .PI / 2 ;
FirstPersonControls — Mouse-Look Camera Best for: walkthroughs, cut-scenes.
import { FirstPersonControls } from 'three/addons/controls/FirstPersonControls.js' ;
const controls = new FirstPersonControls (camera, renderer.domElement );
controls.movementSpeed = 5 ;
controls.lookSpeed = 0.1 ;
controls.lookVertical = true ;
controls.constrainVertical = true ;
controls.verticalMin = 1.0 ;
controls.verticalMax = 2.0 ;
function animate (update (clock.getDelta ());
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
Raycasting Convert screen coordinates to 3D ray and test for intersections.
Basic Click Detection const raycaster = new THREE .Raycaster ();
const mouse = new THREE .Vector2 ();
function onClick (event ) {
mouse.x = (event.clientX / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ;
mouse.y = -(event.clientY / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ;
raycaster.setFromCamera (mouse, camera);
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects (scene.children , true );
if (intersects.length > 0 ) {
const hit = intersects[0 ];
console .log ('Hit:' , hit.object .name );
console .log ('Point:' , hit.point );
console .log ('Distance:' , hit.distance );
console .log ('Face:' , hit.face );
console .log ('UV:' , hit.uv );
}
}
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('click' , onClick);
Hover / Highlight let hovered = null ;
function onMouseMove (event ) {
mouse.x = (event.clientX / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ;
mouse.y = -(event.clientY / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ;
raycaster.setFromCamera (mouse, camera);
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects (interactiveObjects);
if (intersects.length > 0 ) {
const obj = intersects[0 ].object ;
if (hovered !== obj) {
if (hovered) hovered.material .emissive .set (0x000000 );
hovered = obj;
hovered.material .emissive .set (0x444444 );
}
} else {
if (hovered) hovered.material .emissive .set (0x000000 );
hovered = null ;
}
}
let lastMove = 0 ;
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('mousemove' , event =>if (Date .now () - lastMove > 16 ) {
onMouseMove (event);
lastMove = Date .now ();
}
});
Limit Raycast to Specific Layers
raycaster.layers .set (1 );
interactiveObject.layers .enable (1 );
nonInteractiveObject.layers .disable (1 );
Invisible Collision Meshes
const collider = new THREE .Mesh (
new THREE .BoxGeometry (1 , 1 , 1 ),
new THREE .MeshBasicMaterial ({ visible : false }),
);
collider.userData .isCollider = true ;
scene.add (collider);
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects ([collider]);
TransformControls — Move/Rotate/Scale Gizmo import { TransformControls } from 'three/addons/controls/TransformControls.js' ;
const transformControls = new TransformControls (camera, renderer.domElement );
scene.add (transformControls);
transformControls.attach (selectedObject);
transformControls.setMode ('translate' );
transformControls.setTranslationSnap (0.5 );
transformControls.setRotationSnap (THREE .MathUtils .degToRad (15 ));
transformControls.setScaleSnap (0.1 );
transformControls.setSpace ('world' );
transformControls.detach ();
transformControls.addEventListener ('dragging-changed' , event =>enabled = !event.value ;
});
transformControls.addEventListener ('objectChange' , () => {
console .log ('Position:' , selectedObject.position );
});
DragControls — Direct Object Dragging import { DragControls } from 'three/addons/controls/DragControls.js' ;
const dragControls = new DragControls (draggableObjects, camera, renderer.domElement );
dragControls.addEventListener ('dragstart' , event =>enabled = false ;
event.object .material .opacity = 0.5 ;
});
dragControls.addEventListener ('drag' , event =>object .position .x = Math .round (event.object .position .x );
event.object .position .z = Math .round (event.object .position .z );
});
dragControls.addEventListener ('dragend' , event =>enabled = true ;
event.object .material .opacity = 1.0 ;
});
SelectionBox — Marquee Selection import { SelectionBox } from 'three/addons/interactive/SelectionBox.js' ;
import { SelectionHelper } from 'three/addons/interactive/SelectionHelper.js' ;
const selectionBox = new SelectionBox (camera, scene);
const selectionHelper = new SelectionHelper (renderer, 'selectBox' );
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('pointerdown' , event =>startPoint .set (
(event.clientX / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ,
-(event.clientY / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ,
0.5 ,
);
});
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('pointermove' , event =>if (selectionHelper.isDown ) {
selectionBox.endPoint .set (
(event.clientX / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ,
-(event.clientY / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ,
0.5 ,
);
const selected = selectionBox.select ();
selected.forEach (obj =>material .emissive .set (0x333333 ));
}
});
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('pointerup' , () => {
const allSelected = selectionBox.collection ;
console .log ('Selected:' , allSelected);
});
Keyboard Input
const keysDown = new Set ();
document .addEventListener ('keydown' , e =>add (e.code ));
document .addEventListener ('keyup' , e =>delete (e.code ));
function handleMovement (delta ) {
const speed = 5 ;
if (keysDown.has ('KeyW' )) player.position .z -= speed * delta;
if (keysDown.has ('KeyS' )) player.position .z += speed * delta;
if (keysDown.has ('KeyA' )) player.position .x -= speed * delta;
if (keysDown.has ('KeyD' )) player.position .x += speed * delta;
if (keysDown.has ('Space' )) jump ();
if (keysDown.has ('ShiftLeft' )) sprint ();
}
document .addEventListener ('keydown' , e =>if (e.code === 'KeyE' ) interact ();
if (e.code === 'KeyF' ) toggleFlashlight ();
if (e.code === 'Tab' ) { e.preventDefault (); openInventory (); }
});
Touch Input function getTouchNDC (touch ) {
return new THREE .Vector2 (
(touch.clientX / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ,
-(touch.clientY / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ,
);
}
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('touchstart' , event =>preventDefault ();
const touch = event.touches [0 ];
const ndc = getTouchNDC (touch);
raycaster.setFromCamera (ndc, camera);
const hits = raycaster.intersectObjects (scene.children , true );
if (hits.length > 0 ) handleTap (hits[0 ]);
}, { passive : false });
let lastPinchDist = 0 ;
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('touchmove' , event =>if (event.touches .length === 2 ) {
const dx = event.touches [0 ].clientX - event.touches [1 ].clientX ;
const dy = event.touches [0 ].clientY - event.touches [1 ].clientY ;
const dist = Math .sqrt (dx * dx + dy * dy);
if (lastPinchDist > 0 ) {
const delta = (lastPinchDist - dist) * 0.01 ;
camera.position .z = THREE .MathUtils .clamp (camera.position .z + delta, 1 , 50 );
}
lastPinchDist = dist;
}
}, { passive : true });
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ('touchend' , () => { lastPinchDist = 0 ; });
Screen-to-World and World-to-Screen
function getWorldRayFromScreen (x, y ) {
const ndc = new THREE .Vector2 (
(x / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ,
-(y / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ,
);
raycaster.setFromCamera (ndc, camera);
return { origin : raycaster.ray .origin , direction : raycaster.ray .direction };
}
function worldToScreen (worldPos ) {
const pos = worldPos.clone ().project (camera);
return {
x : (pos.x * 0.5 + 0.5 ) * window .innerWidth ,
y : (pos.y * -0.5 + 0.5 ) * window .innerHeight ,
};
}
Performance Tips
Throttle mousemove raycasts — test at ~60fps max, not every mouse eventUse layer filtering — raycaster.layers.set(n) to skip non-interactive objectsUse invisible simple colliders — simpler geometry for raycastingDispose controls — call controls.dispose() on teardownAvoid raycasting against everything — maintain an explicit interactiveObjects array
See Also
threejs-fundamentals — coordinate system, camera setupthreejs-animation — animating objects driven by inputthree-js-best-practices — raycasting performance optimisation 