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sbom-syft Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) generation using Syft for container images, filesystems, and archives. Detects packages across 28+ ecosystems with multi-format output support (CycloneDX, SPDX, syft-json). Enables vulnerability assessment, license compliance, and supply chain security. Use when: (1) Generating SBOMs for container images or applications, (2) Analyzing software dependencies and packages for vulnerability scanning, (3) Tracking license compliance across dependencies, (4) Integrating SBOM generation into CI/CD for supply chain security, (5) Creating signed SBOM attestations for software provenance.
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name sbom-syft description Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) generation using Syft for container images, filesystems, and archives. Detects packages across 28+ ecosystems with multi-format output support (CycloneDX, SPDX, syft-json). Enables vulnerability assessment, license compliance, and supply chain security. Use when: (1) Generating SBOMs for container images or applications, (2) Analyzing software dependencies and packages for vulnerability scanning, (3) Tracking license compliance across dependencies, (4) Integrating SBOM generation into CI/CD for supply chain security, (5) Creating signed SBOM attestations for software provenance.
version 0.1.0 maintainer SirAppSec category secsdlc tags ["sbom","syft","supply-chain","dependencies","cyclonedx","spdx","vulnerability-management","license-compliance"] frameworks ["NIST","OWASP"] dependencies {"tools":["docker"]} references ["https://github.com/anchore/syft","https://anchore.com/sbom/"]
Syft SBOM Generator
Overview
Syft is a CLI tool and Go library for generating comprehensive Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs) from container images and filesystems. It provides visibility into packages and dependencies across 28+ ecosystems, supporting multiple SBOM formats (CycloneDX, SPDX) for vulnerability management, license compliance, and supply chain security.
Supported Ecosystems
Languages & Package Managers:
Alpine (apk), C/C++ (conan), Dart (pub), Debian/Ubuntu (dpkg), Dotnet (deps.json), Go (go.mod), Java (JAR/WAR/EAR/Maven/Gradle), JavaScript (npm/yarn), PHP (composer), Python (pip/poetry/setup.py), Red Hat (RPM), Ruby (gem), Rust (cargo), Swift (cocoapods)
Container & System:
OCI images, Docker images, Singularity, container layers, Linux distributions
Quick Start
Generate SBOM for container image:
docker run --rm -v $(pwd ):/out anchore/syft:latest <image> -o cyclonedx-json=/out/sbom.json
syft <image> -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json
syft alpine:latest -o cyclonedx-json
syft docker.io/nginx:latest -o spdx-json
syft dir :/path/to/project -o cyclonedx-json
Core Workflows
Workflow 1: Container Image SBOM Generation
For creating SBOMs of container images:
Identify target container image (local or registry)
Run Syft to generate SBOM:
syft <image-name:tag> -o cyclonedx-json=sbom-cyclonedx.json
Optionally generate multiple formats:
syft <image-name:tag> \
-o cyclonedx-json=sbom-cyclonedx.json \
-o spdx-json=sbom-spdx.json \
-o syft-json=sbom-syft.json
Store SBOM artifacts with image for traceability
Use SBOM for vulnerability scanning with Grype or other tools
Track SBOM versions alongside image releases
Workflow 2: CI/CD Pipeline Integration
Progress:
[ ] 1. Add Syft to build pipeline after image creation
[ ] 2. Generate SBOM in standard format (CycloneDX or SPDX)
[ ] 3. Store SBOM as build artifact
[ ] 4. Scan SBOM for vulnerabilities (using Grype or similar)
[ ] 5. Fail build on critical vulnerabilities or license violations
[ ] 6. Publish SBOM alongside container image
[ ] 7. Integrate with vulnerability management platform
Work through each step systematically. Check off completed items.
Workflow 3: Filesystem and Application Scanning
For generating SBOMs from source code or filesystems:
Navigate to project root or specify path
Scan directory structure:
syft dir :/path/to/project -o cyclonedx-json=app-sbom.json
Review detected packages and dependencies
Validate package detection accuracy (check for false positives/negatives)
Configure exclusions if needed (using .syft.yaml)
Generate SBOM for each release version
Track dependency changes between versions
Workflow 4: SBOM Analysis and Vulnerability Scanning Combining SBOM generation with vulnerability assessment:
Generate SBOM with Syft:
syft <target> -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json
Scan SBOM for vulnerabilities using Grype:
grype sbom:sbom.json -o json --file vulnerabilities.json
Review vulnerability findings by severity
Filter by exploitability and fix availability
Prioritize remediation based on:
CVSS score
Active exploitation status
Fix availability
Dependency depth
Update dependencies and regenerate SBOM
Re-scan to verify vulnerability remediation
Workflow 5: Signed SBOM Attestation For creating cryptographically signed SBOM attestations:
Install cosign (for signing):
brew install cosign
wget https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/releases/latest/download/cosign-linux-amd64
chmod +x cosign-linux-amd64
mv cosign-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cosign
Generate SBOM:
syft <image> -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json
Create attestation and sign:
cosign attest --predicate sbom.json --type cyclonedx <image>
Verify attestation:
cosign verify-attestation --type cyclonedx <image>
Store signature alongside SBOM for provenance verification
Output Formats Syft supports multiple SBOM formats for different use cases:
Format Use Case Specification cyclonedx-jsonModern SBOM standard, wide tool support CycloneDX 1.4+ cyclonedx-xmlCycloneDX XML variant CycloneDX 1.4+ spdx-jsonLinux Foundation standard SPDX 2.3 spdx-tag-valueSPDX text format SPDX 2.3 syft-jsonSyft native format (most detail) Syft-specific syft-textHuman-readable console output Syft-specific github-jsonGitHub dependency submission GitHub-specific templateCustom Go template output User-defined
syft <target> -o cyclonedx-json=output.json
Configuration Create .syft.yaml in project root or home directory:
package:
cataloger:
enabled: true
scope: all-layers
search:
unindexed-archives: false
indexed-archives: true
exclude:
- "**/test/**"
- "**/node_modules/**"
- "**/.git/**"
registry:
insecure-skip-tls-verify: false
auth:
- authority: registry.example.com
username: user
password: pass
output: cyclonedx-json
log:
level: warn
Common Patterns
Pattern 1: Multi-Architecture Image Scanning Scan all architectures of multi-platform images:
syft --platform linux/amd64 <image> -o cyclonedx-json=sbom-amd64.json
syft --platform linux/arm64 <image> -o cyclonedx-json=sbom-arm64.json
syft <image> --platform all -o cyclonedx-json
Pattern 2: Private Registry Authentication Access images from private registries:
docker login registry.example.com
syft registry.example.com/private/image:tag -o cyclonedx-json
export SYFT_REGISTRY_AUTH_AUTHORITY=registry.example.com
export SYFT_REGISTRY_AUTH_USERNAME=user
export SYFT_REGISTRY_AUTH_PASSWORD=pass
syft registry.example.com/private/image:tag -o cyclonedx-json
Pattern 3: OCI Archive Scanning Scan saved container images (OCI or Docker format):
docker save nginx:latest -o nginx.tar
syft oci-archive:nginx.tar -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json
syft docker-archive:nginx.tar -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json
Pattern 4: Comparing SBOMs Between Versions Track dependency changes across releases:
syft myapp:v1.0 -o syft-json=sbom-v1.0.json
syft myapp:v2.0 -o syft-json=sbom-v2.0.json
jq -s '{"added": (.[1].artifacts - .[0].artifacts), "removed": (.[0].artifacts - .[1].artifacts)}' \
sbom-v1.0.json sbom-v2.0.json
Pattern 5: Filtering SBOM Output Extract specific package information:
syft <target> -o syft-json=full-sbom.json
cat full-sbom.json | jq '.artifacts[] | select(.type == "python")'
cat full-sbom.json | jq '.artifacts[] | select(.licenses[].value == "MIT")'
cat full-sbom.json | jq '.artifacts | group_by(.type) | map({type: .[0].type, count: length})'
Security Considerations
Sensitive Data Handling : SBOMs may contain internal package names and versions. Store SBOMs securely and restrict access to authorized personnelAccess Control : Limit SBOM generation and access to build systems. Use read-only credentials for registry accessAudit Logging : Log SBOM generation events, distribution, and access for compliance trackingCompliance : SBOMs support compliance with Executive Order 14028 (Software Supply Chain Security), NIST guidelines, and OWASP recommendationsSafe Defaults : Use signed attestations for production SBOMs to ensure integrity and provenance
Integration Points
CI/CD Integration - name: Generate SBOM with Syft
uses: anchore/sbom-action@v0
with:
image: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ github.sha }}
format: cyclonedx-json
output-file: sbom.json
- name: Upload SBOM
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: sbom
path: sbom.json
sbom-generation:
image: anchore/syft:latest
script:
- syft $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json
artifacts:
reports:
cyclonedx: sbom.json
stage('Generate SBOM') {
steps {
sh 'syft ${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER} -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json'
archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'sbom.json'
}
}
Vulnerability Scanning Integrate with Grype for vulnerability scanning:
syft <target> -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json
grype sbom:sbom.json
SBOM Distribution Attach SBOMs to container images:
oras attach <image> --artifact-type application/vnd.cyclonedx+json sbom.json
Advanced Usage
Custom Template Output Create custom output formats using Go templates:
cat > custom-template.tmpl <<'EOF'
{{- range .Artifacts}}
{{.Name}}@{{.Version}} ({{.Type}})
{{- end}}
EOF
syft <target> -o template -t custom-template.tmpl
Scanning Specific Layers Analyze specific layers in container images:
syft <image> --scope squashed -o cyclonedx-json
syft <image> --scope all-layers -o cyclonedx-json
Environment Variable Configuration Configure Syft via environment variables:
export SYFT_SCOPE=all-layers
export SYFT_OUTPUT=cyclonedx-json
export SYFT_LOG_LEVEL=debug
export SYFT_EXCLUDE="**/test/**,**/node_modules/**"
syft <target>
Troubleshooting
Issue: Missing Packages in SBOM Solution : Enable all-layers scope or check for package manager files:
syft <target> --scope all-layers -o syft-json
Verify package manifest files exist (package.json, requirements.txt, go.mod, etc.)
Issue: Registry Authentication Failure Solution : Ensure Docker credentials are configured or use explicit auth:
docker login <registry>
syft <registry>/<image> -o cyclonedx-json
Issue: Large SBOM Size Solution : Use squashed scope and exclude test/dev dependencies:
package:
cataloger:
scope: squashed
exclude:
- "**/test/**"
- "**/node_modules/**"
- "**/.git/**"
Issue: Slow Scanning Performance Solution : Disable unindexed archive scanning for faster results:
package:
search:
unindexed-archives: false
License Compliance Extract license information from SBOM:
syft <target> -o syft-json=sbom.json
cat sbom.json | jq -r '.artifacts[].licenses[].value' | sort -u
cat sbom.json | jq '.artifacts[] | select(.licenses[].value | contains("GPL"))'
cat sbom.json | jq -r '.artifacts[] | "\(.name):\(.licenses[].value)"' | sort
Vulnerability Management Workflow Complete workflow integrating SBOM generation with vulnerability management:
Progress:
[ ] 1. Generate SBOM for application/container
[ ] 2. Scan SBOM for known vulnerabilities
[ ] 3. Classify vulnerabilities by severity and exploitability
[ ] 4. Check for available patches and updates
[ ] 5. Update vulnerable dependencies
[ ] 6. Regenerate SBOM after updates
[ ] 7. Re-scan to confirm vulnerability remediation
[ ] 8. Document accepted risks for unfixable vulnerabilities
[ ] 9. Schedule periodic SBOM regeneration and scanning
Work through each step systematically. Check off completed items.
References 