azure-basics

name	azure-basics
description	Azure cloud services, resource management, and Azure CLI patterns. Use when working with Azure resources, resource groups, ARM templates, az commands (az vm, az network, az storage, az aks), Azure naming conventions, RBAC policies, networking (VNet, NSG, Application Gateway), or implementing Azure best practices for resource organization, cost management, and security.

Azure Basics Skill

Purpose

Provide Azure cloud platform best practices, CLI command patterns, and resource organization strategies for reliable, secure, and cost-effective cloud infrastructure.

Key Capabilities:

• Azure CLI command patterns
• Resource organization and naming
• Networking fundamentals (VNet, NSG, routing)
• RBAC and security
• Cost management
• ARM template patterns

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When to Use This Skill

Auto-activates when:

• Working with Azure resources (VMs, storage, databases, AKS)
• Running Azure CLI commands (az commands)
• Creating ARM templates or Bicep files
• Managing Azure resource groups
• Configuring Azure networking (VNets, subnets, NSGs)
• Implementing Azure RBAC policies
• Optimizing Azure costs

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Quick Start

New Azure Project Checklist

• Subscription Setup: Verify subscription access and limits
• Naming Convention: Define resource naming standard
• Resource Groups: Organize by environment/workload
• Networking: Plan IP addressing (VNet, subnets)
• RBAC: Configure least-privilege access
• Tagging Strategy: Define required tags
• Cost Budgets: Set spending alerts
• Monitoring: Enable Azure Monitor and Log Analytics

Resource Deployment Checklist

• Resource Group: Create or select target RG
• Location: Choose Azure region
• SKU Selection: Right-size resources for workload
• Networking: Configure VNet integration
• Security: Apply NSG rules, enable managed identity
• Tags: Apply environment, owner, cost center tags
• Backup: Configure backup policies (if applicable)
• Monitoring: Enable diagnostics and alerts

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Core Principles (7 Key Rules)

1. Use Resource Groups for Organization

Resource groups are lifecycle boundaries - group resources by lifecycle.

✅ GOOD - Organized by lifecycle
az group create --name prod-app-rg --location eastus
az group create --name prod-data-rg --location eastus
az group create --name shared-network-rg --location eastus

# App resources in app RG
# Data resources in data RG (longer lifecycle)
# Network resources in network RG (shared)

❌ BAD - All resources in one RG
az group create --name everything-rg --location eastus
# Deleting one resource risks deleting everything

Why: Simplifies resource management, enables batch operations, clear ownership.

2. Follow Azure Naming Conventions

Use consistent, descriptive naming patterns.

✅ GOOD - Consistent naming
# Pattern: {environment}-{workload}-{resource-type}-{region}
prod-webapp-vm-eastus
prod-webapp-storage-eastus
dev-api-aks-westus

❌ BAD - Inconsistent naming
vm1
storage-account-production
my-kubernetes

Recommended Pattern:

{env}-{workload}-{resource-type}[-{instance}]

env: dev, test, stage, prod
workload: webapp, api, data
resource-type: vm, vnet, storage, aks
instance: 01, 02 (for multiple instances)

3. Apply Tags for Cost Management

Tag all resources for cost tracking and organization.

✅ GOOD - Comprehensive tagging
az resource tag \
  --resource-group prod-app-rg \
  --name prod-webapp-vm \
  --resource-type Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines \
  --tags \
    Environment=production \
    CostCenter=engineering \
    Owner=team-platform \
    Project=customer-portal

❌ BAD - No tags or inconsistent tags
# No visibility into cost allocation

Required Tags:

• Environment (dev/test/prod)
• CostCenter (billing allocation)
• Owner (team/email)
• Project (initiative/product)

4. Use Managed Identities (No Credentials)

Never store credentials - use Azure managed identities.

✅ GOOD - Managed identity
# Create VM with system-assigned identity
az vm create \
  --name prod-webapp-vm \
  --resource-group prod-app-rg \
  --assign-identity

# Grant access to Key Vault
az keyvault set-policy \
  --name prod-keyvault \
  --object-id $IDENTITY_ID \
  --secret-permissions get list

# Application uses identity (no credentials in code)

❌ BAD - Hardcoded credentials
# Connection strings in app config
# Service principal credentials in environment variables

Why: Eliminates credential rotation, reduces security risk, simplifies access management.

5. Implement Network Security Groups (NSGs)

Control traffic with NSGs - default deny, explicit allow.

✅ GOOD - Explicit NSG rules
az network nsg create --name frontend-nsg --resource-group prod-network-rg

# Allow HTTPS from internet
az network nsg rule create \
  --nsg-name frontend-nsg \
  --name allow-https \
  --priority 100 \
  --source-address-prefixes Internet \
  --destination-port-ranges 443 \
  --access Allow \
  --protocol Tcp

# Deny all other inbound
# (Default rule: DenyAllInbound at priority 65500)

❌ BAD - No NSG or overly permissive
az network nsg rule create \
  --name allow-all \
  --source-address-prefixes '*' \
  --destination-port-ranges '*' \
  --access Allow
# Security nightmare!

6. Use Azure Regions Strategically

Choose regions based on latency, compliance, cost.

✅ GOOD - Region strategy
# Primary: East US (closest to users)
# Secondary: West US (disaster recovery)
# Data residency: North Europe (GDPR compliance)

az group create --name prod-primary-rg --location eastus
az group create --name prod-dr-rg --location westus

❌ BAD - Random region selection
# No disaster recovery plan
# High latency for users
# Compliance violations

7. Right-Size Resources (Cost Optimization)

Start small, scale up - not reverse.

✅ GOOD - Right-sized VM
az vm create \
  --name prod-webapp-vm \
  --size Standard_B2s \  # 2 vCPU, 4 GB RAM
  --resource-group prod-app-rg

# Monitor, scale up if needed

❌ BAD - Oversized VM
az vm create \
  --size Standard_D16s_v3 \  # 16 vCPU, 64 GB RAM
  # For workload needing 2 vCPU
  # Wasting 87.5% of capacity

Cost Optimization:

• Use Reserved Instances (1-3 year commit = 40-60% discount)
• Auto-shutdown for dev/test VMs
• Use Azure Advisor recommendations
• Right-size based on actual metrics

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Common Azure CLI Commands

Command	Purpose
az login	Authenticate to Azure
az account list	List subscriptions
az account set	Switch subscription
az group create	Create resource group
az group delete	Delete resource group
az resource list	List resources
az vm create	Create virtual machine
az network vnet create	Create virtual network
az storage account create	Create storage account
az aks create	Create AKS cluster

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Quick Reference

Resource Naming Patterns

Resource Type	Pattern	Example
Resource Group	{env}-{workload}-rg	prod-webapp-rg
Virtual Machine	{env}-{workload}-vm[-{instance}]	prod-api-vm-01
Storage Account	{env}{workload}storage	prodwebappstorage
Virtual Network	{env}-{region}-vnet	prod-eastus-vnet
Subnet	{purpose}-subnet	frontend-subnet
NSG	{purpose}-nsg	frontend-nsg
AKS Cluster	{env}-{workload}-aks	prod-api-aks

Common Azure Regions

Region	Location	Use Case
eastus	East US	General purpose, low cost
westus2	West US 2	West coast users
centralus	Central US	Central location
northeurope	North Europe	GDPR compliance
westeurope	West Europe	European users
southeastasia	Southeast Asia	APAC users

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Anti-Patterns to Avoid

❌ Anti-Pattern 1: Single Resource Group for Everything

Problem: All resources in one RG Issue: Cannot manage lifecycle independently Fix: Separate by environment, workload, or lifecycle

❌ Anti-Pattern 2: No Tagging Strategy

Problem: Resources without tags Issue: Cannot track costs or ownership Fix: Enforce required tags via Azure Policy

❌ Anti-Pattern 3: Overprivileged RBAC

Problem: Everyone has Contributor role Issue: Security risk, accidental deletions Fix: Least-privilege access (Reader, specific roles)

❌ Anti-Pattern 4: No Cost Budgets

Problem: No spending alerts Issue: Surprise bills, cost overruns Fix: Set budgets and alerts in Azure Cost Management

❌ Anti-Pattern 5: Public IP on Everything

Problem: All VMs have public IPs Issue: Increased attack surface Fix: Private networking with VPN/Bastion access

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Common Workflows

Workflow 1: Create VNet with Subnets

# 1. Create resource group
az group create --name prod-network-rg --location eastus

# 2. Create VNet
az network vnet create \
  --name prod-eastus-vnet \
  --resource-group prod-network-rg \
  --address-prefix 10.0.0.0/16

# 3. Create frontend subnet
az network vnet subnet create \
  --vnet-name prod-eastus-vnet \
  --name frontend-subnet \
  --resource-group prod-network-rg \
  --address-prefix 10.0.1.0/24

# 4. Create backend subnet
az network vnet subnet create \
  --vnet-name prod-eastus-vnet \
  --name backend-subnet \
  --resource-group prod-network-rg \
  --address-prefix 10.0.2.0/24

# 5. Create NSG for frontend
az network nsg create \
  --name frontend-nsg \
  --resource-group prod-network-rg

# 6. Associate NSG with subnet
az network vnet subnet update \
  --vnet-name prod-eastus-vnet \
  --name frontend-subnet \
  --resource-group prod-network-rg \
  --network-security-group frontend-nsg

Workflow 2: Deploy VM with Managed Identity

# 1. Create VM with system-assigned identity
az vm create \
  --name prod-webapp-vm-01 \
  --resource-group prod-app-rg \
  --image Ubuntu2204 \
  --size Standard_B2s \
  --vnet-name prod-eastus-vnet \
  --subnet frontend-subnet \
  --assign-identity \
  --tags Environment=production Owner=platform-team

# 2. Get identity principal ID
IDENTITY_ID=$(az vm identity show \
  --name prod-webapp-vm-01 \
  --resource-group prod-app-rg \
  --query principalId -o tsv)

# 3. Grant access to Key Vault
az keyvault set-policy \
  --name prod-keyvault \
  --object-id $IDENTITY_ID \
  --secret-permissions get list

# 4. Application can now access secrets without credentials

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Navigation Guide

Need to...	Read this
Organize Azure resources	resource-groups.md
Create ARM templates	arm-templates.md
Master Azure CLI	cli-patterns.md

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Resource Files

resource-groups.md

Resource organization strategies, naming conventions, tagging policies, RBAC patterns

arm-templates.md

ARM template structure, parameter patterns, outputs, deployment strategies

cli-patterns.md

Azure CLI automation, scripting patterns, JMESPath queries, output formatting

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Related Skills

• terraform-basics - Infrastructure-as-code for Azure provisioning
• task-management - Dependency analysis for Azure resource ordering

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Skill Status: COMPLETE ✅ Line Count: 458 ✅ Progressive Disclosure: 3 resource files ✅