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3 archivos name wordpress-plugin-fundamentals description Modern WordPress plugin development with PHP 8.3+, OOP architecture, hooks system, database interactions, and Settings API user-invocable false disable-model-invocation true version 1.0.0 category development author Claude MPM Team license MIT progressive_disclosure {"entry_point":{"summary":"Modern WordPress plugin development with OOP, hooks system, database interactions, and Settings API","when_to_use":["Building WordPress plugins with PHP 8.3+ and WP 6.7+","Need structured architecture with actions, filters, hooks","Require database operations and settings management"],"quick_start":["Create plugin structure with OOP and Composer PSR-4","Register activation/deactivation hooks","Use actions and filters for core integration"]}} context_limit 5500 tags ["wordpress","php","plugin","hooks","wpdb","settings-api","wpcs"] requires_tools []
WordPress Plugin Fundamentals
Overview
WordPress plugin development using modern PHP 8.3+ practices, OOP architecture, Composer autoloading, and WordPress 6.7+ APIs. Build secure, maintainable plugins with proper hooks integration, database management, and settings pages.
Current Standards :
WordPress : 6.7+ (Full Site Editing stable)PHP : 8.3 recommended (7.4 minimum)Architecture : OOP with PSR-4 autoloadingSecurity : Three-layer model (sanitize, validate, escape)Testing : PHPUnit + WPCS compliance
Installation :
composer require --dev wp-coding-standards/wpcs:"^3.0"
composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit:"^9.6"
Plugin Architecture
Directory Structure
Modern plugin organization with Composer autoloading:
my-plugin/
├── my-plugin.php # Main plugin file (metadata header)
├── composer.json # Dependency management (REQUIRED)
├── includes/ # Core business logic (PSR-4 autoloaded)
│ ├── Core.php # Plugin bootstrap/loader class
│ ├── Admin/ # Admin-specific functionality
│ │ ├── Settings.php
│ │ └── MetaBoxes.php
│ ├── Frontend/ # Public-facing functionality
│ │ └── Shortcodes.php
│ └── API/ # REST API endpoints
│ └── CustomEndpoint.php
├── assets/ # CSS, JS, images
│ ├── css/
│ ├── js/
│ └── images/
├── languages/ # Translation files
├── tests/ # PHPUnit tests
│ ├── unit/
│ ├── integration/
│ └── bootstrap.php
├── .phpcs.xml.dist # PHP_CodeSniffer config (WPCS)
└── README.md
Main Plugin File
my-plugin.php :
<?php
if ( ! defined ( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
exit
define
'MY_PLUGIN_VERSION'
'1.0.0'
define
'MY_PLUGIN_PATH'
plugin_dir_path
__FILE__
define
'MY_PLUGIN_URL'
plugin_dir_url
__FILE__
define
'MY_PLUGIN_BASENAME'
plugin_basename
__FILE__
if
file_exists
'vendor/autoload.php'
require_once
'vendor/autoload.php'
add_action
'plugins_loaded'
'my_plugin_init'
function my_plugin_init (
if
class_exists
'MyPlugin\\Core'
$plugin
MyPlugin\Core
get_instance
$plugin
run
register_activation_hook
__FILE__
'my_plugin_activate'
function my_plugin_activate (
if
class_exists
'MyPlugin\\Activation'
MyPlugin\Activation
activate
flush_rewrite_rules
register_deactivation_hook
__FILE__
'my_plugin_deactivate'
function my_plugin_deactivate (
if
class_exists
'MyPlugin\\Deactivation'
MyPlugin\Deactivation
deactivate
flush_rewrite_rules
Core Plugin Class (Singleton Pattern) <?php
namespace MyPlugin ;
class Core private static $instance = null ;
public static function get_instance (if ( null === self ::$instance ) {
self ::$instance = new self ();
}
return self ::$instance ;
}
private function __construct ($this ->load_dependencies ();
$this ->define_hooks ();
$this ->load_textdomain ();
}
private function load_dependencies (private function define_hooks (add_action ( 'init' , [ $this , 'on_init' ] );
add_action ( 'admin_menu' , [ $this , 'register_admin_menu' ] );
add_action ( 'admin_enqueue_scripts' , [ $this , 'enqueue_admin_assets' ] );
add_action ( 'wp_enqueue_scripts' , [ $this , 'enqueue_frontend_assets' ] );
add_action ( 'rest_api_init' , [ $this , 'register_rest_routes' ] );
}
private function load_textdomain (load_plugin_textdomain (
'my-plugin' ,
false ,
dirname ( MY_PLUGIN_BASENAME ) . '/languages'
);
}
public function run (do_action ( 'my_plugin_loaded' );
}
public function on_init ($this ->register_post_types ();
$this ->register_taxonomies ();
}
private function register_post_types (register_post_type ( 'book' , [
'labels' => [
'name' => __ ( 'Books' , 'my-plugin' ),
'singular_name' => __ ( 'Book' , 'my-plugin' ),
],
'public' => true ,
'has_archive' => true ,
'supports' => [ 'title' , 'editor' , 'thumbnail' ],
'show_in_rest' => true , // Enable block editor
'menu_icon' => 'dashicons-book' ,
]);
}
private function register_taxonomies (register_taxonomy ( 'genre' , 'book' , [
'labels' => [
'name' => __ ( 'Genres' , 'my-plugin' ),
'singular_name' => __ ( 'Genre' , 'my-plugin' ),
],
'hierarchical' => true ,
'show_in_rest' => true ,
]);
}
public function register_admin_menu (add_menu_page (
__ ( 'My Plugin Settings' , 'my-plugin' ),
__ ( 'My Plugin' , 'my-plugin' ),
'manage_options' ,
'my-plugin-settings' ,
[ $this , 'render_settings_page' ],
'dashicons-admin-generic' ,
80
);
}
public function render_settings_page (require_once MY_PLUGIN_PATH . 'includes/Admin/views/settings.php' ;
}
public function enqueue_admin_assets ( $hook ) if ( 'toplevel_page_my-plugin-settings' !== $hook ) {
return ;
}
wp_enqueue_style (
'my-plugin-admin' ,
MY_PLUGIN_URL . 'assets/css/admin.css' ,
[],
MY_PLUGIN_VERSION
);
wp_enqueue_script (
'my-plugin-admin' ,
MY_PLUGIN_URL . 'assets/js/admin.js' ,
[ 'jquery' ],
MY_PLUGIN_VERSION,
true
);
wp_localize_script ( 'my-plugin-admin' , 'myPluginData' , [
'ajaxurl' => admin_url ( 'admin-ajax.php' ),
'nonce' => wp_create_nonce ( 'my_plugin_nonce' ),
]);
}
public function enqueue_frontend_assets (wp_enqueue_style (
'my-plugin-frontend' ,
MY_PLUGIN_URL . 'assets/css/frontend.css' ,
[],
MY_PLUGIN_VERSION
);
wp_enqueue_script (
'my-plugin-frontend' ,
MY_PLUGIN_URL . 'assets/js/frontend.js' ,
[ 'jquery' ],
MY_PLUGIN_VERSION,
true
);
}
public function register_rest_routes (if ( class_exists ( 'MyPlugin\\API\\CustomEndpoint' ) ) {
$endpoint = new API\CustomEndpoint ();
$endpoint ->register_routes ();
}
}
}
Composer Configuration {
"name" : "vendor/my-plugin" ,
"description" : "Modern WordPress plugin" ,
"type" : "wordpress-plugin" ,
"require" : {
"php" : ">=8.1"
} ,
"require-dev" : {
"wp-coding-standards/wpcs" : "^3.0" ,
"phpunit/phpunit" : "^9.6" ,
"yoast/phpunit-polyfills" : "^2.0"
} ,
"autoload" : {
"psr-4" : {
"MyPlugin\\" : "includes/"
}
} ,
"config" : {
"allow-plugins" : {
"dealerdirect/phpcodesniffer-composer-installer" : true }
} ,
"scripts" : {
"phpcs" : "phpcs" ,
"phpcbf" : "phpcbf" ,
"test" : "phpunit"
}
}
Hooks System
Actions vs. Filters Aspect Actions Filters Purpose Execute code at specific points Modify data before use/output Return Value Returns nothing (void) Must return value Example Send emails, log events, register CPTs Modify post content, filter queries Pattern do_action() / add_action()apply_filters() / add_filter()
Common WordPress Actions init - Register post types, taxonomies, rewrite rules:
add_action ( 'init' , 'register_custom_post_type' );
function register_custom_post_type (register_post_type ( 'book' , [
'labels' => [
'name' => __ ( 'Books' , 'my-plugin' ),
'singular_name' => __ ( 'Book' , 'my-plugin' ),
],
'public' => true ,
'has_archive' => true ,
'supports' => [ 'title' , 'editor' , 'thumbnail' ],
'show_in_rest' => true , // Enable block editor
]);
}
plugins_loaded - Initialize plugin after all plugins loaded:
add_action ( 'plugins_loaded' , 'my_plugin_init' );
function my_plugin_init (load_plugin_textdomain ( 'my-plugin' , false , dirname ( plugin_basename ( __FILE__ ) ) . '/languages' );
MyPlugin\Core ::get_instance ()->run ();
}
wp_enqueue_scripts - Enqueue frontend CSS/JS:
add_action ( 'wp_enqueue_scripts' , 'enqueue_frontend_assets' );
function enqueue_frontend_assets (wp_enqueue_style ( 'my-style' , plugins_url ( 'assets/css/style.css' , __FILE__ ), [], '1.0.0' );
wp_enqueue_script ( 'my-script' , plugins_url ( 'assets/js/script.js' , __FILE__ ), [ 'jquery' ], '1.0.0' , true );
}
admin_enqueue_scripts - Enqueue admin CSS/JS:
add_action ( 'admin_enqueue_scripts' , 'enqueue_admin_assets' );
function enqueue_admin_assets ( $hook ) if ( 'toplevel_page_my-plugin' !== $hook ) {
return ;
}
wp_enqueue_style ( 'my-admin-style' , plugins_url ( 'assets/css/admin.css' , __FILE__ ) );
}
save_post - Runs when post is saved/updated:
add_action ( 'save_post' , 'save_custom_meta' , 10 , 3 );
function save_custom_meta ( $post_id , $post , $update ) if ( ! isset ( $_POST ['my_meta_nonce' ] ) || ! wp_verify_nonce ( $_POST ['my_meta_nonce' ], 'save_meta' ) ) {
return ;
}
if ( defined ( 'DOING_AUTOSAVE' ) && DOING_AUTOSAVE ) {
return ;
}
if ( ! current_user_can ( 'edit_post' , $post_id ) ) {
return ;
}
if ( isset ( $_POST ['custom_field' ] ) ) {
update_post_meta ( $post_id , '_custom_field' , sanitize_text_field ( $_POST ['custom_field' ] ) );
}
}
Common WordPress Filters the_content - Modify post content before output:
add_filter ( 'the_content' , 'add_reading_time' );
function add_reading_time ( $content ) if ( ! is_single () || ! in_the_loop () || ! is_main_query () ) {
return $content ;
}
$word_count = str_word_count ( strip_tags ( $content ) );
$reading_time = ceil ( $word_count / 200 );
$message = sprintf (
'<p class="reading-time">%s</p>' ,
sprintf ( __ ( 'Estimated reading time: %d min' , 'my-plugin' ), $reading_time )
);
return $message . $content ;
}
pre_get_posts - Modify WP_Query before execution:
add_filter ( 'pre_get_posts' , 'modify_archive_query' );
function modify_archive_query ( $query ) if ( ! is_admin () && $query ->is_main_query () && is_post_type_archive ( 'book' ) ) {
$query ->set ( 'posts_per_page' , 20 );
$query ->set ( 'orderby' , 'title' );
$query ->set ( 'order' , 'ASC' );
}
}
excerpt_length - Change excerpt word count:
add_filter ( 'excerpt_length' , 'custom_excerpt_length' );
function custom_excerpt_length ( $length ) return 30 ;
}
Hook Priority and Execution Order
add_action ( 'init' , 'my_early_function' , 5 );
add_action ( 'init' , 'my_normal_function' );
add_action ( 'init' , 'my_late_function' , 20 );
remove_action ( 'init' , 'my_normal_function' , 10 );
remove_filter ( 'the_content' , 'wpautop' );
Creating Custom Hooks
function my_plugin_process_order ( $order_id ) $order_data = [
'total' => 99.99 ,
'items' => [ 'item1' , 'item2' ],
];
do_action ( 'my_plugin_order_processed' , $order_id , $order_data );
}
add_action ( 'my_plugin_order_processed' , 'send_order_notification' , 10 , 2 );
function send_order_notification ( $order_id , $order_data ) wp_mail (
get_option ( 'admin_email' ),
'New Order: ' . $order_id ,
'Order total: $' . $order_data ['total' ]
);
}
function my_plugin_get_price ( $product_id ) $price = get_post_meta ( $product_id , '_price' , true );
return apply_filters ( 'my_plugin_product_price' , $price , $product_id );
}
add_filter ( 'my_plugin_product_price' , 'apply_member_discount' , 10 , 2 );
function apply_member_discount ( $price , $product_id ) if ( is_user_logged_in () && current_user_can ( 'member' ) ) {
return $price * 0.9 ;
}
return $price ;
}
Database Interactions
Using $wpdb Global Object Prepared statements (prevent SQL injection):
global $wpdb ;
$user_id = 42 ;
$results = $wpdb ->get_results (
$wpdb ->prepare (
"SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_author = %d AND post_status = %s" ,
$user_id ,
'publish'
)
);
$post = $wpdb ->get_row (
$wpdb ->prepare (
"SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE ID = %d" ,
$post_id
)
);
$count = $wpdb ->get_var (
$wpdb ->prepare (
"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_type = %s" ,
'book'
)
);
$post_ids = $wpdb ->get_col (
"SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_type = 'book' ORDER BY post_date DESC LIMIT 10"
);
global $wpdb ;
$wpdb ->insert (
$wpdb ->prefix . 'my_custom_table' ,
[
'column1' => 'value1' ,
'column2' => 123 ,
'created_at' => current_time ( 'mysql' ),
],
[ '%s' , '%d' , '%s' ] // Data format : %s (string ), %d (integer ), %f (float )
);
$inserted_id = $wpdb ->insert_id;
global $wpdb ;
$wpdb ->update (
$wpdb ->prefix . 'my_custom_table' ,
[ 'column1' => 'new_value' , 'updated_at' => current_time ( 'mysql' ) ], // Data
[ 'id' => 5 ], // WHERE
[ '%s' , '%s' ], // Data format
[ '%d' ] // WHERE format
);
global $wpdb ;
$wpdb ->delete (
$wpdb ->prefix . 'my_custom_table' ,
[ 'id' => 5 ],
[ '%d' ]
);
Creating Custom Tables Activation hook with dbDelta() :
function my_plugin_create_tables (global $wpdb ;
$table_name = $wpdb ->prefix . 'my_custom_table' ;
$charset_collate = $wpdb ->get_charset_collate ();
$sql = "CREATE TABLE $table_name (
id bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
user_id bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
title varchar(255) NOT NULL,
content longtext,
status varchar(20) DEFAULT 'draft',
priority int(11) DEFAULT 0,
created_at datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
updated_at datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
KEY user_id (user_id),
KEY status (status),
KEY priority (priority)
) $charset_collate ;" ;
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php' ;
dbDelta ( $sql );
add_option ( 'my_plugin_db_version' , '1.0.0' );
}
register_activation_hook ( __FILE__ , 'my_plugin_create_tables' );
function my_plugin_check_db_version ($current_version = get_option ( 'my_plugin_db_version' , '0.0.0' );
$required_version = '1.1.0' ;
if ( version_compare ( $current_version , $required_version , '<' ) ) {
my_plugin_upgrade_database ( $current_version );
}
}
add_action ( 'plugins_loaded' , 'my_plugin_check_db_version' );
function my_plugin_upgrade_database ( $from_version ) global $wpdb ;
if ( version_compare ( $from_version , '1.1.0' , '<' ) ) {
$table_name = $wpdb ->prefix . 'my_custom_table' ;
$wpdb ->query ( "ALTER TABLE $table_name ADD COLUMN email varchar(255) AFTER user_id" );
}
update_option ( 'my_plugin_db_version' , '1.1.0' );
}
Best Practices ✅ Always use $wpdb->prepare() for dynamic queries
✅ Use $wpdb->prefix (never hard-code wp_)
✅ Use $wpdb->get_charset_collate() for correct encoding
✅ Use dbDelta() for table creation/updates
✅ Store schema version for migrations
⚠️ Consider using post_meta/options before custom tables
Settings API
Options API (Simple Storage)
add_option ( 'my_plugin_setting' , 'default_value' );
$value = get_option ( 'my_plugin_setting' , 'default_if_not_exists' );
update_option ( 'my_plugin_setting' , 'new_value' );
delete_option ( 'my_plugin_setting' );
update_option ( 'my_plugin_settings' , [
'api_key' => 'abc123' ,
'enabled' => true ,
'threshold' => 50 ,
]);
$settings = get_option ( 'my_plugin_settings' , [] );
Settings API (Admin Pages) add_action ( 'admin_init' , 'my_plugin_register_settings' );
function my_plugin_register_settings (register_setting (
'my_plugin_options' , // Option group
'my_plugin_settings' , // Option name
[
'type' => 'array' ,
'sanitize_callback' => 'my_plugin_sanitize_settings' ,
'default' => [],
]
);
add_settings_section (
'my_plugin_main_section' , // Section ID
__ ( 'Main Settings' , 'my-plugin' ), // Title
'my_plugin_section_callback' , // Callback
'my_plugin_settings_page' // Page slug
);
add_settings_field (
'api_key' , // Field ID
__ ( 'API Key' , 'my-plugin' ), // Label
'my_plugin_api_key_callback' , // Render callback
'my_plugin_settings_page' , // Page slug
'my_plugin_main_section' , // Section ID
[ 'label_for' => 'api_key' ] // Extra args
);
add_settings_field (
'enable_feature' ,
__ ( 'Enable Feature' , 'my-plugin' ),
'my_plugin_enable_feature_callback' ,
'my_plugin_settings_page' ,
'my_plugin_main_section' ,
[ 'label_for' => 'enable_feature' ]
);
}
function my_plugin_section_callback (echo '<p>' . esc_html__ ( 'Configure plugin settings below:' , 'my-plugin' ) . '</p>' ;
}
function my_plugin_api_key_callback ( $args ) $options = get_option ( 'my_plugin_settings' , [] );
$value = isset ( $options ['api_key' ] ) ? $options ['api_key' ] : '' ;
?>
<input
type="text"
id="<?php echo esc_attr( $args ['label_for'] ); ?>"
name="my_plugin_settings[api_key]"
value="<?php echo esc_attr( $value ); ?>"
class ="regular -text "
/>
<p class ="description ">
<?php esc_html_e ( 'Enter your API key from the service provider .', 'my -plugin ' ); ?>
</p >
<?php
}
function my_plugin_enable_feature_callback ( $args ) $options = get_option ( 'my_plugin_settings' , [] );
$checked = isset ( $options ['enable_feature' ] ) && $options ['enable_feature' ];
?>
<label>
<input
type="checkbox"
id="<?php echo esc_attr( $args ['label_for'] ); ?>"
name="my_plugin_settings[enable_feature]"
value="1"
<?php checked ( $checked , true ); ?>
/>
<?php esc_html_e ( 'Enable this feature' , 'my-plugin' ); ?>
</label>
<?php
}
function my_plugin_sanitize_settings ( $input ) $sanitized = [];
if ( isset ( $input ['api_key' ] ) ) {
$sanitized ['api_key' ] = sanitize_text_field ( $input ['api_key' ] );
}
if ( isset ( $input ['enable_feature' ] ) ) {
$sanitized ['enable_feature' ] = (bool ) $input ['enable_feature' ];
}
return $sanitized ;
}
function my_plugin_settings_page (if ( ! current_user_can ( 'manage_options' ) ) {
wp_die ( __ ( 'You do not have sufficient permissions to access this page.' , 'my-plugin' ) );
}
?>
<div class ="wrap ">
<h1 ><?php echo esc_html ( get_admin_page_title () ); ?></h1 >
<?php settings_errors ( 'my_plugin_settings ' ); ?>
<form action ="options .php " method ="post ">
<?php
// Output security fields
settings_fields ( 'my_plugin_options ' );
// Output settings sections
do_settings_sections ( 'my_plugin_settings_page ' );
// Submit button
submit_button ( __ ( 'Save Settings ', 'my -plugin ' ) );
?>
</form >
</div >
<?php
}
WordPress Coding Standards (WPCS)
Installation and Configuration <?xml version="1.0" ?>
<ruleset name ="WordPress Coding Standards" >
<description > Custom ruleset for WordPress plugin</description >
<file > ./includes</file >
<file > ./my-plugin.php</file >
<exclude-pattern > */vendor/*</exclude-pattern >
<exclude-pattern > */node_modules/*</exclude-pattern >
<exclude-pattern > */tests/*</exclude-pattern >
<rule ref ="WordPress-Extra" >
<exclude name ="Generic.Arrays.DisallowShortArraySyntax" />
<exclude name ="Squiz.PHP.DisallowMultipleAssignments" />
</rule >
<config name ="testVersion" value ="8.1-" />
<rule ref ="PHPCompatibilityWP" />
<rule ref ="WordPress.WP.I18n" >
<properties >
<property name ="text_domain" type ="array" >
<element value ="my-plugin" />
</property >
</properties >
</rule >
<rule ref ="WordPress.NamingConventions.PrefixAllGlobals" >
<properties >
<property name ="prefixes" type ="array" >
<element value ="my_plugin" />
<element value ="MyPlugin" />
</property >
</properties >
</rule >
<arg value ="ps" />
<arg name ="colors" />
<arg name ="extensions" value ="php" />
</ruleset >
Running PHPCS
vendor/bin/phpcs
vendor/bin/phpcbf
vendor/bin/phpcs includes/Core.php
vendor/bin/phpcs -ps
vendor/bin/phpcs --report=summary
Key Coding Rules Indentation : Tabs (not spaces)
function my_function (if ( true ) {
echo 'Hello' ;
}
}
function my_function (if ( true ) {
echo 'Hello' ;
}
}
Yoda Conditions : Constant on left side
if ( true === $value ) {
}
if ( 'active' === $status ) {
}
if ( $value === true ) {
}
function my_plugin_process_data ($user_name = 'John' ;
class MyPlugin_Database define ( 'MY_PLUGIN_VERSION' , '1.0.0' );
Documentation : PHPDoc blocks required
function my_plugin_register_user ( $username , $email )
Best Practices
Security Considerations Cross-reference : See ../security-validation/SKILL.md for comprehensive security patterns.
Three-layer security model :
Sanitize on input - Remove dangerous charactersValidate for logic - Check business rulesEscape on output - Prevent XSS
$title = sanitize_text_field ( $_POST ['title' ] );
$email = sanitize_email ( $_POST ['email' ] );
if ( empty ( $title ) || strlen ( $title ) < 3 ) {
wp_die ( 'Invalid title' );
}
if ( ! is_email ( $email ) ) {
wp_die ( 'Invalid email' );
}
echo '<h1>' . esc_html ( $title ) . '</h1>' ;
echo '<a href="mailto:' . esc_attr ( $email ) . '">' . esc_html ( $email ) . '</a>' ;
Prefix Everything
function my_plugin_init (class MyPlugin_Settings define ( 'MY_PLUGIN_VERSION' , '1.0.0' );
do_action ( 'my_plugin_loaded' );
apply_filters ( 'my_plugin_content' , $content );
$wpdb ->prefix . 'my_plugin_data' ;
update_option ( 'my_plugin_settings' , $data );
Translation-Ready (i18n)
__ ( 'Hello World' , 'my-plugin' );
esc_html__ ( 'Hello World' , 'my-plugin' );
esc_attr__ ( 'Hello World' , 'my-plugin' );
esc_html_e ( 'Hello World' , 'my-plugin' );
_n ( 'One item' , '%d items' , $count , 'my-plugin' );
_x ( 'Post' , 'noun' , 'my-plugin' );
_x ( 'Post' , 'verb' , 'my-plugin' );
sprintf ( __ ( 'Hello %s' , 'my-plugin' ), $name );
load_plugin_textdomain ( 'my-plugin' , false , dirname ( plugin_basename ( __FILE__ ) ) . '/languages' );
Use WordPress Functions Over PHP
$url = esc_url ( $link );
$current_time = current_time ( 'mysql' );
$user_ip = $_SERVER ['REMOTE_ADDR' ];
$url = htmlspecialchars ( $link );
$current_time = date ( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' );
Performance Considerations
wp_cache_set ( 'my_key' , $data , 'my_plugin' , 3600 );
$data = wp_cache_get ( 'my_key' , 'my_plugin' );
if ( false === $data ) {
$data = expensive_operation ();
wp_cache_set ( 'my_key' , $data , 'my_plugin' , 3600 );
}
Transients (database-backed cache):
set_transient ( 'my_plugin_data' , $data , 12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS );
$data = get_transient ( 'my_plugin_data' );
if ( false === $data ) {
$data = expensive_api_call ();
set_transient ( 'my_plugin_data' , $data , 12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS );
}
delete_transient ( 'my_plugin_data' );
Common Patterns
Singleton Pattern class MyPlugin_Service private static $instance = null ;
public static function get_instance (if ( null === self ::$instance ) {
self ::$instance = new self ();
}
return self ::$instance ;
}
private function __construct (private function __clone (private function __wakeup (
Dependency Injection
class MyPlugin_Controller private $database ;
private $settings ;
public function __construct ( MyPlugin_Database $database , MyPlugin_Settings $settings ) $this ->database = $database ;
$this ->settings = $settings ;
}
public function process ($data = $this ->database->get_data ();
$config = $this ->settings->get_config ();
}
}
$database = new MyPlugin_Database ();
$settings = new MyPlugin_Settings ();
$controller = new MyPlugin_Controller ( $database , $settings );
Service Container Pattern class MyPlugin_Container private $services = [];
public function register ( $name , $callback ) $this ->services[ $name ] = $callback ;
}
public function get ( $name ) if ( ! isset ( $this ->services[ $name ] ) ) {
throw new Exception ( "Service not found: $name " );
}
$callback = $this ->services[ $name ];
return $callback ( $this );
}
}
$container = new MyPlugin_Container ();
$container ->register ( 'database' , function( $c ) {
return new MyPlugin_Database ();
});
$container ->register ( 'settings' , function( $c ) {
return new MyPlugin_Settings ();
});
$container ->register ( 'controller' , function( $c ) {
return new MyPlugin_Controller (
$c ->get ( 'database' ),
$c ->get ( 'settings' )
);
});
$controller = $container ->get ( 'controller' );
Related Skills When developing WordPress plugins, consider these complementary skills (available in the skill library):
security-validation : WordPress security, nonces, sanitization, validation, escaping - critical for securing plugin functionalityblock-editor : Block Editor development, FSE, theme.json, custom blocks - extend plugins with modern block-based interfacesphpunit : PHPUnit testing for WordPress plugins - comprehensive testing strategies for WordPress plugin development
Resources
Summary
Modern architecture : OOP with PSR-4 autoloading, Composer dependenciesHooks system : Actions for execution, filters for modificationDatabase : Use $wpdb with prepared statements, custom tables via dbDelta()Settings API : Structured admin pages with sanitization callbacksWPCS compliance : WordPress coding standards via PHPCSSecurity-first : Sanitize input, validate logic, escape outputTranslation-ready : Use i18n functions for all user-facing textPerformance : Object caching, transients, query optimization 