information-security-policy

name	information-security-policy
language	en
description	Drafts a board-approvable Information Security Policy covering data classification, access controls, encryption, incident response, breach notification, and enforcement. Tailored by industry and regulatory environment (HIPAA, GDPR, CCPA, GLBA, FERPA, PCI DSS). Use when drafting or overhauling an organization's foundational information security governance framework or cybersecurity policy.
tags	["drafting","policy","regulatory","research"]

Information Security Policy

Drafts a formal Information Security Policy satisfying multi-framework regulatory requirements with enforceable operational guidance.

Prerequisites

1. Org profile — industry sector, employee count, jurisdictions of operation
2. Regulatory triggers — applicable frameworks (HIPAA, GDPR, CCPA, GLBA, FERPA, PCI DSS, SOC 2, ISO 27001, NIST CSF)
3. Existing governance docs — current policies, data classification schemes, incident response plans
4. Data inventory — sensitive data categories handled (PHI, PII, payment card data, student records, trade secrets)
5. Approving authority — CEO, Board, CISO, General Counsel signature blocks needed

Output Structure

Document Control Block

Field	Content
Policy Title	Information Security Policy
Version / Effective Date	[#] / [Date]
Approved By / Owner	[Title] / CISO or equivalent
Next Review	[Date + 1 year]
Supersedes	[Prior version or N/A]

Section Outline

1. Purpose & Authority

• Business rationale (financial, reputational, regulatory risk)
• Authorizing resolution; relationship to other org policies

2. Scope

• Entities: parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, JVs
• Personnel: employees, contractors, vendors, partners
• Assets: electronic data, physical records, IP, BYOD, remote environments
• Exclusions: publicly available info, de-identified data (define standard)

3. Definitions Define with legal precision; flag where definitions vary by jurisdiction:

• Confidential Information, Personal Data / PII (per GDPR Art. 4, CCPA § 1798.140, HIPAA 45 C.F.R. § 160.103)
• Data Breach, Security Incident, Data Owner, Data Custodian, Authorized User
• Classification Levels: Public / Internal / Confidential / Restricted

4. Data Classification

Level	Description	Examples
Public	Approved for external release	Marketing materials
Internal	Business use; not for external distribution	Org charts, internal memos
Confidential	Limited distribution; legal obligations	Customer PII, financial data
Restricted	Highest sensitivity; regulatory protection	PHI, payment card data, credentials

5. Access Controls

• Least privilege; separation of duties
• Lifecycle: request → data owner approval → provisioning → quarterly review → revocation on role change/termination
• Privileged access: separate admin accounts; logged and audited

6. Authentication

Requirement	Standard
Password length	12+ characters; mixed case, numbers, symbols
MFA required for	Remote access, privileged accounts, Restricted data, cloud admin
Acceptable MFA	TOTP, hardware token, biometric; SMS discouraged for high-risk
Shared credentials	Prohibited

7. Encryption Standards

Context	Minimum Standard
Data at rest (Confidential/Restricted)	AES-256
Data in transit	TLS 1.2+ (1.3 preferred)
Portable devices	Full-disk encryption
Email (Restricted)	End-to-end or secure portal
Backup media	Encrypted; separate key management

Review annually; superseded by org Security Standards if more stringent.

8. Acceptable Use

• Prohibited: illegal activity, harassment, circumventing controls, credential sharing
• Monitoring: org reserves right; no expectation of privacy on org systems
• BYOD: MDM enrollment, encryption, remote wipe on loss/termination

9. Physical Security

• Lock unattended devices; clean desk for Confidential/Restricted materials
• Secure disposal: cross-cut shredding (paper); cryptographic erasure or destruction (media)
• Visitor access: escorted in secure areas; logs maintained

10. Data Retention & Disposal

Category	Period	Basis
PHI	6 years	HIPAA 45 C.F.R. § 164.530(j)
Financial records	7 years	IRS / GLBA
Student records	Per FERPA	34 C.F.R. § 99
Incident logs	3 years min	[Regulatory basis]

Certificate of destruction required for Restricted data.

11. Roles & Responsibilities

Role	Obligations
Board / Exec	Policy approval; resource allocation
CISO	Program ownership; standards; audit; regulator liaison
IT / Security	Controls; patching; monitoring; vulnerability mgmt
Legal / Privacy	Breach notification decisions; regulatory liaison
Managers	Access approval; team compliance; off-boarding
All Employees	Credential protection; incident reporting; training
DPO	Required under GDPR Art. 37 if applicable

12. Incident Response

Lifecycle:

1. Detect & Report — within [1–4 hours] to security hotline
2. Assess — severity triage; activate IRT if Sev 1/2
3. Contain — isolate systems; preserve evidence; chain of custody
4. Eradicate — remove threat; patch vulnerability
5. Recover — restore from clean backups; verify integrity
6. Post-Incident Review — within 14 days; root cause; corrective action plan

IRT: CISO (lead), IT Security, Legal, HR, PR/Comms, Executive Sponsor.

13. Breach Notification

Framework	Deadline	Recipients
HIPAA	60 days (individuals); 60 days HHS + media if 500+	Individuals, HHS, media
GDPR	72 hours to SA; without undue delay to individuals if high risk	SA, affected individuals
CCPA/CPRA	Expedient / without unreasonable delay	Consumers; AG if 500+ CA
State laws	30–90 days (varies)	Residents, AGs, credit bureaus
PCI DSS	Immediately	Card brands, acquiring bank

Legal counsel notified immediately upon any incident involving personal data.

14. Third-Party & Vendor Management

• Security assessment before vendor access to Confidential/Restricted data
• Required contractual provisions: DPA / BAA as applicable
• Right-to-audit for Restricted data vendors
• Access revoked immediately on contract termination

15. Regulatory Compliance Matrix

Framework	Applicability	Key Requirements
HIPAA (45 C.F.R. §§ 164.302–318)	Healthcare / PHI	Admin, physical, technical safeguards; BAAs
GLBA (16 C.F.R. § 314)	Financial institutions	Risk assessment; safeguards; service provider oversight
FERPA (34 C.F.R. § 99)	Education	Student record protection; disclosure restrictions
GDPR	EU personal data	Lawful basis; data subject rights; DPIAs; SCCs
CCPA/CPRA	CA residents	Consumer rights; opt-out; privacy notice
PCI DSS v4.0	Payment cards	Detailed controls in separate PCI procedures
NIST CSF 2.0	Voluntary	Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover, Govern
ISO 27001	Voluntary	ISMS; Annex A controls

16. Training & Awareness

• All personnel: at hire + annually; phishing simulation semi-annually
• High-risk roles (sysadmins, developers, finance): role-specific training annually
• Completion tracked; non-completion escalated; records retained 3 years

17. Compliance Monitoring & Audit

• Annual risk assessment; quarterly vulnerability scans; annual penetration test
• Access reviews: semi-annual (Confidential), quarterly (Restricted)
• Remediation SLAs — Critical: 30 days, High: 60 days, Medium: 90 days

18. Enforcement Progressive discipline: retraining → written warning → suspension/termination → civil liability → criminal referral. Factors: intent, severity, prior violations, self-reporting.

19. Policy Administration

• Review: annually or upon major incident, regulatory change, material org change
• Approval: [CEO/Board] on CISO + General Counsel recommendation
• Employees acknowledge receipt in writing; at-will status unaffected

Signature Block

Role	Name	Signature	Date
CEO
CISO
General Counsel

Employee Acknowledgment

I acknowledge receipt of, have read, and agree to comply with the Information Security Policy (Version [#], effective [Date]).

Name: ______ Title: ______ Date: ______ Signature: ______

Guidelines

• Multi-jurisdiction conflicts: apply most stringent standard or add jurisdiction-specific schedules
• Encryption floors: AES-256 / TLS 1.2+ are minimums; revise per NIST guidance updates
• GDPR DPO: required if org is public authority, conducts large-scale monitoring, or processes special category data at scale — confirm applicability before drafting [VERIFY]
• HIPAA BAAs: policy cross-references but does not replace BAA; maintain separate vendor register
• PCI DSS: detailed technical controls in separate PCI documentation to allow updates without policy re-approval
• At-will disclaimer: verify enforceability under applicable state law [VERIFY]
• Collective bargaining: if unionized workforce, confirm no bargaining obligation before implementation
• Do not fabricate citations — use [VERIFY] for any citation not confirmed against primary source