T-1 (MUST) For a simple function, colocate unit tests in *.test.ts in same directory as source file. These tests are run via Vitest.
T-2 (MUST) For any E2E or integration tests involving browser interaction, use *.spec.ts. These tests are run via Playwright and typically reside in packages/arcade/e2e.
T-3 (MUST) ALWAYS separate pure-logic unit tests from integration tests.
T-4 (SHOULD) Prefer integration tests over heavy mocking.
T-5 (SHOULD) Unit-test complex algorithms thoroughly.
T-6 (SHOULD) Test the entire structure in one assertion if possible
T-7 (MUST) Canvas-game E2E tests assert GameState through window.__bruffTestApi in ?test=1 mode by default. Use gotoTestMode(page) from packages/arcade/e2e/base-fixtures.ts and drive gameplay with dispatchInput() plus stepFrames().
T-8 (MUST) Treat rendered frames and logical ticks separately. stepFrames(n) may render and advance manual clock time; it increments frameIndex and moves enemies only when queued input creates a logical tick.
T-9 (MUST) Screenshot assertions are narrow and self-validating: static DOM regions, or canvas after a deterministic replay checkpoint followed by freezeForSnapshot(). Use await expect(locator).toHaveScreenshot("name.png"); do not call locator.screenshot() unless the test also makes an explicit assertion on the returned bytes. Update Arcade E2E screenshot baselines with pnpm run --filter @bruff/arcade test:e2e:update-snapshots.
T-10 (MUST) Replay tests use JSON fixtures in packages/game/tests/fixtures/ and committed final-state snapshots in packages/game/tests/snapshots/; fixture parsing returns typed Result values, never throws.
T-11 (MUST) Do not leave dangling locators in tests. Every locator created in a test must be used in an assertion such as toBeVisible(), toHaveText(), toHaveScreenshot(), or an equivalent explicit expectation.
T-12 (MUST) Browser integration tests synchronize on observable UI state, not fixed sleeps. Prefer waitForElement, MutationObserver, or Playwright locator assertions that wait for the exact DOM node, text, disabled state, download side effect, or alert being asserted.
T-13 (MUST) When testing async races, checkpoint each intended state before releasing delayed work. Example: wait for the newer rendered row before resolving an older promise, then assert the stale completion did not replace it.
T-14 (MUST) Focus-preservation tests assert around the event that could steal focus. Focus the control, assert it is active, dispatch the synchronous input/change event, then assert it is still active immediately. Only await after the event when the product behavior itself is async, and then await a specific observable state.
T-15 (SHOULD) Put sophisticated browser waits in shared test helpers so callers cannot accidentally reintroduce timer-based flake patterns.
```
expect(result).toBe([value]); // Good

expect(result).toHaveLength(1); // Bad
expect(result[0]).toBe(value); // Bad
```

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Testing

T-1 (MUST) For a simple function, colocate unit tests in *.test.ts in same directory as source file. These tests are run via Vitest.

T-2 (MUST) For any E2E or integration tests involving browser interaction, use *.spec.ts. These tests are run via Playwright and typically reside in packages/arcade/e2e.

T-3 (MUST) ALWAYS separate pure-logic unit tests from integration tests.

T-4 (SHOULD) Prefer integration tests over heavy mocking.

T-5 (SHOULD) Unit-test complex algorithms thoroughly.

T-6 (SHOULD) Test the entire structure in one assertion if possible

T-7 (MUST) Canvas-game E2E tests assert GameState through window.__bruffTestApi in ?test=1 mode by default. Use gotoTestMode(page) from packages/arcade/e2e/base-fixtures.ts and drive gameplay with dispatchInput() plus stepFrames().

T-8 (MUST) Treat rendered frames and logical ticks separately. stepFrames(n) may render and advance manual clock time; it increments frameIndex and moves enemies only when queued input creates a logical tick.

T-9 (MUST) Screenshot assertions are narrow and self-validating: static DOM regions, or canvas after a deterministic replay checkpoint followed by freezeForSnapshot(). Use await expect(locator).toHaveScreenshot("name.png"); do not call locator.screenshot() unless the test also makes an explicit assertion on the returned bytes. Update Arcade E2E screenshot baselines with pnpm run --filter @bruff/arcade test:e2e:update-snapshots.

T-10 (MUST) Replay tests use JSON fixtures in packages/game/tests/fixtures/ and committed final-state snapshots in packages/game/tests/snapshots/; fixture parsing returns typed Result values, never throws.

T-11 (MUST) Do not leave dangling locators in tests. Every locator created in a test must be used in an assertion such as toBeVisible(), toHaveText(), toHaveScreenshot(), or an equivalent explicit expectation.

T-12 (MUST) Browser integration tests synchronize on observable UI state, not fixed sleeps. Prefer waitForElement, MutationObserver, or Playwright locator assertions that wait for the exact DOM node, text, disabled state, download side effect, or alert being asserted.

T-13 (MUST) When testing async races, checkpoint each intended state before releasing delayed work. Example: wait for the newer rendered row before resolving an older promise, then assert the stale completion did not replace it.

T-14 (MUST) Focus-preservation tests assert around the event that could steal focus. Focus the control, assert it is active, dispatch the synchronous input/change event, then assert it is still active immediately. Only await after the event when the product behavior itself is async, and then await a specific observable state.

T-15 (SHOULD) Put sophisticated browser waits in shared test helpers so callers cannot accidentally reintroduce timer-based flake patterns.

expect(result).toBe([value]); // Good

expect(result).toHaveLength(1); // Bad
expect(result[0]).toBe(value); // Bad