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Ocupaciones relacionadas SOC
Basado en la clasificación ocupacional SOC
name laravel description Laravel PHP framework — Eloquent ORM, Blade templates, middleware, queues, and Sanctum auth. layer domain category backend triggers ["laravel","eloquent","blade template","laravel sanctum","artisan"] inputs ["API endpoint or feature requirements","Eloquent relationship design questions","Queue job and event handling needs","Authentication and authorization configuration"] outputs ["Laravel controllers, models, and migrations","Eloquent queries with proper eager loading","Queue jobs and event listeners","Middleware and policy configurations"] linksTo ["postgresql","redis","docker"] linkedFrom [] riskLevel low memoryReadPolicy selective memoryWritePolicy none sideEffects []
Laravel Patterns & Best Practices
Purpose
Provide expert guidance on Laravel application architecture, Eloquent ORM patterns, queue management, API development, and production-grade configuration. Covers Laravel 11+ with its streamlined application structure.
Key Patterns
Project Structure (Laravel 11+)
Laravel 11 simplifies the directory structure:
app/
├── Http/
│ ├── Controllers/
│ ├── Middleware/
│ └── Requests/ # Form request validation
├── Models/
├── Services/ # Business logic (custom)
├── Actions/ # Single-purpose action classes (custom)
├── Events/
├── Listeners/
├── Jobs/
├── Policies/
├── Enums/
└── Providers/
database/
├── migrations/
├── seeders/
└── factories/
routes/
├── api.php
└── web.php
Eloquent Models
Model with relationships, scopes, and casts:
class Order extends Model
use HasFactory , SoftDeletes ;
protected $fillable = [
'user_id' ,
'status' ,
'notes' ,
'total_cents' ,
];
protected function casts (array
return [
'status' => OrderStatus ::class ,
'total_cents' => 'integer' ,
'shipped_at' => 'immutable_datetime' ,
];
}
public function user (BelongsTo
return
$this
belongsTo
User
class
public
function items (HasMany
return
$this
hasMany
OrderItem
class
public
function tags (BelongsToMany
return
$this
belongsToMany
Tag
class
withTimestamps
public
function scopeCompleted (Builder $query ): Builder
return
$query
where
'status'
OrderStatus
Completed
public
function scopeRecent (Builder $query , int $days = 30 ): Builder
return
$query
where
'created_at'
'>='
now
subDays
$days
protected
function totalFormatted (Attribute
return
Attribute
make
get
number_format
$this
100
2
Backed enum for status fields:
enum OrderStatus : string
case Draft = 'draft' ;
case Pending = 'pending' ;
case Processing = 'processing' ;
case Completed = 'completed' ;
case Cancelled = 'cancelled' ;
public function label (string
return match ($this ) {
self ::Draft => 'Draft' ,
self ::Pending => 'Pending Payment' ,
self ::Processing => 'Processing' ,
self ::Completed => 'Completed' ,
self ::Cancelled => 'Cancelled' ,
};
}
public function canTransitionTo (self $next bool
return match ($this ) {
self ::Draft => in_array ($next , [self ::Pending , self ::Cancelled ]),
self ::Pending => in_array ($next , [self ::Processing , self ::Cancelled ]),
self ::Processing => in_array ($next , [self ::Completed , self ::Cancelled ]),
default => false ,
};
}
}
Controllers API Resource Controller with Form Requests:
class OrderController extends Controller
public function __construct (
private readonly OrderService $orderService ,
) public function index (Request $request ): AnonymousResourceCollection
$orders = Order ::query ()
->with (['user:id,name' , 'items.product:id,name,price_cents' ])
->when ($request ->status, fn ($q , $status ) => $q ->where ('status' , $status ))
->when ($request ->search, fn ($q , $search ) => $q ->whereHas ('user' , fn ($q ) =>
$q ->where ('name' , 'ilike' , "%{$search} %" )
))
->latest ()
->paginate ($request ->integer ('per_page' , 20 ));
return OrderResource ::collection ($orders );
}
public function store (StoreOrderRequest $request ): JsonResponse
$order = $this ->orderService->create ($request ->validated ());
return OrderResource ::make ($order )
->response ()
->setStatusCode (201 );
}
public function show (Order $order ): OrderResource
$order ->load (['items.product' , 'user' ]);
return OrderResource ::make ($order );
}
public function update (UpdateOrderRequest $request , Order $order ): OrderResource
$order = $this ->orderService->update ($order , $request ->validated ());
return OrderResource ::make ($order );
}
public function destroy (Order $order ): Response
$this ->authorize ('delete' , $order );
$order ->delete ();
return response ()->noContent ();
}
}
class StoreOrderRequest extends FormRequest
public function authorize (bool
return true ;
}
public function rules (array
return [
'items' => ['required' , 'array' , 'min:1' ],
'items.*.product_id' => ['required' , 'exists:products,id' ],
'items.*.quantity' => ['required' , 'integer' , 'min:1' , 'max:100' ],
'notes' => ['nullable' , 'string' , 'max:1000' ],
'shipping_address_id' => ['required' , 'exists:addresses,id' ],
];
}
public function messages (array
return [
'items.required' => 'At least one item is required.' ,
'items.*.product_id.exists' => 'Product not found.' ,
];
}
}
API Resources class OrderResource extends JsonResource
public function toArray (Request $request ): array
return [
'id' => $this ->id,
'status' => $this ->status->value,
'status_label' => $this ->status->label (),
'total_formatted' => $this ->total_formatted,
'notes' => $this ->notes,
'items' => OrderItemResource ::collection ($this ->whenLoaded ('items' )),
'user' => UserResource ::make ($this ->whenLoaded ('user' )),
'created_at' => $this ->created_at->toISOString (),
'updated_at' => $this ->updated_at->toISOString (),
];
}
}
Queue Jobs class ProcessOrderJob implements ShouldQueue
use Queueable ;
public int $tries = 3 ;
public int $backoff = 60 ;
public int $timeout = 120 ;
public function __construct (
public readonly Order $order ,
) public function handle (PaymentGateway $gateway , InventoryService $inventory ): void
transaction (function () use ($gateway , $inventory ) {
$gateway ->charge ($this ->order );
$inventory ->reserve ($this ->order->items);
$this ->order->update (['status' => OrderStatus ::Processing ]);
});
OrderProcessed ::dispatch ($this ->order);
}
public function failed (\Throwable $exception ): void
Log ::error ('Order processing failed' , [
'order_id' => $this ->order->id,
'error' => $exception ->getMessage (),
]);
$this ->order->update (['status' => OrderStatus ::Draft ]);
Notification ::send ($this ->order->user, new OrderFailedNotification ($this ->order));
}
public function retryUntil (DateTime
return now ()->addHours (1 );
}
}
Middleware
RateLimiter ::for ('api' , function (Request $request ) return Limit ::perMinute (60 )->by ($request ->user ()?->id ?: $request ->ip ());
});
class EnsureJsonResponse
public function handle (Request $request , Closure $next ): Response
$request ->headers->set ('Accept' , 'application/json' );
return $next ($request );
}
}
Migrations return new class extends Migration
public function up (void
Schema ::create ('orders' , function (Blueprint $table ) {
$table ->id ();
$table ->foreignId ('user_id' )->constrained ()->cascadeOnDelete ();
$table ->string ('status' , 20 )->default ('draft' )->index ();
$table ->integer ('total_cents' )->default (0 );
$table ->text ('notes' )->nullable ();
$table ->timestamp ('shipped_at' )->nullable ();
$table ->timestamps ();
$table ->softDeletes ();
$table ->index (['user_id' , 'status' ]);
$table ->index ('created_at' );
});
}
public function down (void
Schema ::dropIfExists ('orders' );
}
};
Action Classes Single-responsibility action classes for complex operations:
class CreateOrderAction
public function __construct (
private readonly InventoryService $inventory ,
) public function execute (User $user , array $data ): Order
return DB::transaction (function () use ($user , $data ) {
$order = $user ->orders ()->create ([
'status ' => OrderStatus ::Draft ,
'notes ' => $data ['notes '] ?? null ,
]);
foreach ($data ['items' ] as $item ) {
$product = Product ::findOrFail ($item ['product_id' ]);
$this ->inventory->checkAvailability ($product , $item ['quantity' ]);
$order ->items ()->create ([
'product_id' => $product ->id,
'quantity' => $item ['quantity' ],
'price_cents' => $product ->price_cents,
]);
}
$order ->update (['total_cents' => $order ->items->sum (fn ($i ) =>
$i ->price_cents * $i ->quantity
)]);
return $order ->load ('items.product' );
});
}
}
Best Practices
Always eager load relationships — Use with() to prevent N+1 queries. Run DB::enableQueryLog() in development to catch them.Use Form Requests for validation — Keep controllers thin by extracting validation to dedicated request classes.Use API Resources for responses — Never return Eloquent models directly. Resources give you a stable API contract.Use backed enums for status fields — Type-safe, castable, and self-documenting.Use action classes for complex operations — Single-purpose, testable, reusable business logic.Queue heavy operations — Email, PDF generation, payment processing, and third-party API calls belong in jobs.Use database transactions — Wrap multi-step writes in DB::transaction().Index foreign keys and frequently filtered columns — Laravel does not auto-index foreignId columns in all cases.Use chunk() or lazy() for large datasets — Never load thousands of models into memory at once.Cache configuration in production — Run php artisan config:cache, route:cache, and view:cache on deploy.
Common Pitfalls Pitfall Problem Fix N+1 queries Accessing relationships in loops without eager loading Use with() or load() Mass assignment vulnerability Filling unguarded attributes Define $fillable or $guarded Missing queue worker restart Workers cache old code after deploy Use php artisan queue:restart in deploy script Fat controllers Business logic in controllers Extract to service/action classes No transaction wrapping Partial writes on failure Wrap in DB::transaction() Returning models from API Exposing internal structure, passwords Use API Resources Synchronous heavy tasks Slow response times Dispatch to queues Missing database indexes Slow queries at scale Add composite indexes for common query patterns
